using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;

namespace BlazorServer.Entities
{
    public class HotelRoomImage
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        public string RoomImageUrl { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey("RoomId")]
        public virtual HotelRoom HotelRoom { get; set; }
        public int RoomId { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.Entities
{
    public class HotelRoom
    {
        // ...
        public virtual ICollection<HotelRoomImage> HotelRoomImages { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.DataAccess
{
    public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<HotelRoomImage> HotelRoomImages { get; set; }

        // ...
    }
}

dotnet tool update --global dotnet-ef --version 5.0.3
dotnet build
dotnet ef migrations --startup-project ../BlazorServer.App/ add Init --context ApplicationDbContext
dotnet ef --startup-project ../BlazorServer.App/ database update --context ApplicationDbContext

namespace BlazorServer.Models
{
    public class HotelRoomImageDTO
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        public int RoomId { get; set; }

        public string RoomImageUrl { get; set; }
    }
}

using AutoMapper;
using BlazorServer.Entities;

namespace BlazorServer.Models.Mappings
{
    public class MappingProfile : Profile
    {
        public MappingProfile()
        {
            // ...
            CreateMap<HotelRoomImageDTO, HotelRoomImage>().ReverseMap(); // two-way mapping
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.Services
{
    public interface IHotelRoomImageService
    {
        Task<int> CreateHotelRoomImageAsync(HotelRoomImageDTO imageDTO);

        Task<int> DeleteHotelRoomImageByImageIdAsync(int imageId);

        Task<int> DeleteHotelRoomImageByRoomIdAsync(int roomId);

        Task<List<HotelRoomImageDTO>> GetHotelRoomImagesAsync(int roomId);
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.Services
{
    public class HotelRoomImageService : IHotelRoomImageService
    {
        private readonly ApplicationDbContext _dbContext;
        private readonly IMapper _mapper;
        private readonly IConfigurationProvider _mapperConfiguration;

        public HotelRoomImageService(ApplicationDbContext dbContext, IMapper mapper)
        {
            _dbContext = dbContext ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(dbContext));
            _mapper = mapper ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(mapper));
            _mapperConfiguration = mapper.ConfigurationProvider;
        }

        public async Task<int> CreateHotelRoomImageAsync(HotelRoomImageDTO imageDTO)
        {
            var image = _mapper.Map<HotelRoomImage>(imageDTO);
            await _dbContext.HotelRoomImages.AddAsync(image);
            return await _dbContext.SaveChangesAsync();
        }

        public async Task<int> DeleteHotelRoomImageByImageIdAsync(int imageId)
        {
            var image = await _dbContext.HotelRoomImages.FindAsync(imageId);
            _dbContext.HotelRoomImages.Remove(image);
            return await _dbContext.SaveChangesAsync();
        }

        public async Task<int> DeleteHotelRoomImageByRoomIdAsync(int roomId)
        {
            var imageList = await _dbContext.HotelRoomImages.Where(x => x.RoomId == roomId).ToListAsync();
            _dbContext.HotelRoomImages.RemoveRange(imageList);
            return await _dbContext.SaveChangesAsync();
        }

        public Task<List<HotelRoomImageDTO>> GetHotelRoomImagesAsync(int roomId)
        {
            return _dbContext.HotelRoomImages
                            .Where(x => x.RoomId == roomId)
                            .ProjectTo<HotelRoomImageDTO>(_mapperConfiguration)
                            .ToListAsync();
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.App
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddScoped<IHotelRoomImageService, HotelRoomImageService>();
            // ...

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace BlazorServer.Services
{
    public interface IFileUploadService
    {
        void DeleteFile(string fileName, string webRootPath, string uploadFolder);
        Task<string> UploadFileAsync(IBrowserFile inputFile, string webRootPath, string uploadFolder);
    }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace BlazorServer.Services
{
    public class FileUploadService : IFileUploadService
    {
        private const int MaxBufferSize = 0x10000;

        public void DeleteFile(string fileName, string webRootPath, string uploadFolder)
        {
            var path = Path.Combine(webRootPath, uploadFolder, fileName);
            if (File.Exists(path))
            {
                File.Delete(path);
            }
        }

        public async Task<string> UploadFileAsync(IBrowserFile inputFile, string webRootPath, string uploadFolder)
        {
            createUploadDir(webRootPath, uploadFolder);
            var (fileName, imageFilePath) = getOutputFileInfo(inputFile, webRootPath, uploadFolder);

            using (var outputFileStream = new FileStream(
                        imageFilePath, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write,
                        FileShare.None, MaxBufferSize, useAsync: true))
            {
                using var inputStream = inputFile.OpenReadStream();
                await inputStream.CopyToAsync(outputFileStream);
            }

            return $"{uploadFolder}/{fileName}";
        }

        private static (string FileName, string FilePath) getOutputFileInfo(
                    IBrowserFile inputFile, string webRootPath, string uploadFolder)
        {
            var fileName = Path.GetFileName(inputFile.Name);
            var imageFilePath = Path.Combine(webRootPath, uploadFolder, fileName);
            if (File.Exists(imageFilePath))
            {
                var fileNameWithoutExtension = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(fileName);
                var fileExtension = Path.GetExtension(fileName);
                fileName = $"{fileNameWithoutExtension}-{Guid.NewGuid()}{fileExtension}";
                imageFilePath = Path.Combine(webRootPath, uploadFolder, fileName);
            }
            return (fileName, imageFilePath);
        }

        private static void createUploadDir(string webRootPath, string uploadFolder)
        {
            var folderDirectory = Path.Combine(webRootPath, uploadFolder);
            if (!Directory.Exists(folderDirectory))
            {
                Directory.CreateDirectory(folderDirectory);
            }
        }
    }
}

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Web" Version="5.0.3" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

namespace BlazorServer.App
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddScoped<IFileUploadService, FileUploadService>();
            // ...

public class Person
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public Gender Gender { get; set; }
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
}

switch (person.Gender)
{
    case Gender.Male:
        if (IsMale(person.FirstName))
        {
            //Isvalid
        }
        break;
    case Gender.Female:
        if (IsFemale(person.FirstName))
        {
            //Isvalid
        }
        break;
}

var genderFuncs = new Dictionary<Gender, Func<string, bool>>
                {
                    {Gender.Male , (x) => IsMale(x)},
                    {Gender.Female , (x) => IsFemale(x)}
                };

public static bool IsMale(string name)
{
    //check...
    return true;
}
public static bool IsFemale(string name)
{
    //check...
    if (name == "Farzad")
    {
        return false;    
    }
    return true;
}

var dummyPerson = new List<Person>
                {
                    new Person
                        {Id = 1, Gender = Gender.Male, FirstName = "Mohammad", LastName = "Saheb"},
                    new Person
                        {Id = 2, Gender = Gender.Female, FirstName = "Farzad", LastName = "Mojidi"}
                };

foreach (var person in dummyPerson)
{
    bool isValid = genderFuncs[person.Gender].Invoke(person.FirstName);          
}

var query = context.Students.AsQueryable();
  if (searchByName)
  {
      query= query.FindStudentsByName(name);
  }
  if (orderByAge)
  {
      query = query.OrderByAge();
  }
  if (paging)
  {
     query =  query.SkipAndTake(skip, take);
  }
  return query.ToList();

var searchTypeFuncs = new Dictionary<SearchType, Func<IQueryable<Student>, string, IQueryable<Student>>>
                    {
                        {SearchType.FirstName, (x, y) => x.FindStudentsByName(y)},
                        {SearchType.LastName, (x, y) => x.FindStudentsByLastName(y)}
                    };

public static IList<Student> SearchStudents(IQueryable<Student> students, SearchType type, string keyword)
{
    var result = searchTypeFuncs[type].Invoke(students, keyword);
    return result.ToList();
}

 InvalidCastExceptio

internal class Employee {
...
}    
public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        // بدون ذکر نام والد تبدیل صورت میگیرد
        Object o = new Employee();

      // برای تبدیل والد به یکی از مشتقات آن نیاز است
        // نوع آن به طور صریح ذکر گردد
         // در بعضی زبان‌های مثل ویژوال بیسیک نیازی به ذکر آن نیست
        Employee e = (Employee) o;
     }
  }

Object o = new Object();
  Boolean b1 = (o is Object);   // b1 is true.
  Boolean b2 = (o is Employee); // b2 is false.

if (o is Employee) 
{     
         Employee e = (Employee) o;
}

Employee e = o as Employee;
  if (e != null) {
     .....
  }

System.Text

public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        System.IO.FileStream fs = new System.IO.FileStream(...);
        System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
     }
  }

using System.IO;    // Try prepending "System.IO." 
 using System.Text;  // Try prepending "System.Text." 
  
public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        FileStream fs = new FileStream(...); 
       StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
     }
  }

using Microsoft; 
using Dotnettips ;
public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        Widget w = new Widget();// An ambiguous reference
     } 
 }

 'Widget' is an ambiguous reference between 'Microsoft.Widget' and 'Dotnettips.Widget

using Microsoft; 
using Dotnettips;
   
public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        Dotnettips.Widget w = new Dotnettips.Widget(); // Not ambiguous
     }
  }

using Microsoft; 
using Dotnettips;
using DotnettipsWidget = Dotnettips.Widget;   

public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        DotnettipsWidget w = new DotnettipsWidget (); // No error now
     }
  }

var dataTable = new DataTable("SalaryList");
dataTable.Columns.Add("User", typeof (string));
dataTable.Columns.Add("Month", typeof (int));
dataTable.Columns.Add("Salary", typeof (decimal));
 
var rnd = new Random();
for (var i = 0; i < 200; i++)
  dataTable.Rows.Add("User " + i, rnd.Next(1, 12), rnd.Next(400, 2000));

public class SalaryList
{
  public string User { set; get; }
  public int Month { set; get; }
  public decimal Salary { set; get; }
}

var salaryList = AutoMapper.Mapper.DynamicMap<IDataReader, List<SalaryList>>(dataTable.CreateDataReader());

var anonymousObject = new
{
  User = "User 1",
  Month = 1,
  Salary = 100000
};
var salary = Mapper.DynamicMap<SalaryList>(anonymousObject);

var anonymousList = new[]
{
  new
  {
   User = "User 1",
   Month = 1,
   Salary = 100000
  },
  new
  {
   User = "User 2",
   Month = 1,
   Salary = 300000
  }
};
var salaryList = anonymousList.Select(item => Mapper.DynamicMap<SalaryList>(item)).ToList();

public interface ICustomerService
{
  string Code { get; set; }
  string Name { get; set; }
}

var anonymousObject = new
{
  Code = "111",
  Name = "Test 1"
};
var result = Mapper.DynamicMap<ICustomerService>(anonymousObject);

namespace Loans.Entities
{
    public class Applicant
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public string Name { set; get; }

        public int Age { set; get; }

        public string Address { set; get; }

        public decimal Salary { set; get; }
    }
}

namespace Loans.Entities
{
    public class LoanProduct
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public string ProductName { set; get; }

        public decimal InterestRate { set; get; }
    }
}

namespace Loans.Entities
{
    public class LoanApplication
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public LoanProduct Product { set; get; }

        public LoanAmount Amount { set; get; }

        public Applicant Applicant { set; get; }

        public bool IsAccepted { set; get; }
    }

    public class LoanAmount
    {
        public string CurrencyCode { get; set; }

        public decimal Principal { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace Loans.Models
{
    public class IdentityVerificationStatus
    {
        public bool Passed { get; set; }
    }
}

using Loans.Models;

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface IIdentityVerifier
    {
        void Initialize();

        bool Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress);

        void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress, out bool isValid);

        void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress,
            ref IdentityVerificationStatus status);
    }
}

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface ICreditScorer
    {
        int Score { get; }

        void CalculateScore(string applicantName, string applicantAddress);
    }
}

using System;
using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;

namespace Loans.Services
{
    public class LoanApplicationProcessor
    {
        private const decimal MinimumSalary = 1_500_000_0;
        private const int MinimumAge = 18;
        private const int MinimumCreditScore = 100_000;

        private readonly IIdentityVerifier _identityVerifier;
        private readonly ICreditScorer _creditScorer;

        public LoanApplicationProcessor(
            IIdentityVerifier identityVerifier,
            ICreditScorer creditScorer)
        {
            _identityVerifier = identityVerifier ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(identityVerifier));
            _creditScorer = creditScorer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(creditScorer));
        }

        public bool Process(LoanApplication application)
        {
            application.IsAccepted = false;

            if (application.Applicant.Salary < MinimumSalary)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            if (application.Applicant.Age < MinimumAge)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            _identityVerifier.Initialize();

            var isValidIdentity = _identityVerifier.Validate(
                application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address);

            if (!isValidIdentity)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            _creditScorer.CalculateScore(application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Address);
            if (_creditScorer.Score < MinimumCreditScore)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            application.IsAccepted = true;
            return application.IsAccepted;
        }
    }
}

using System;
using Loans.Models;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;

namespace Loans.Services
{
    public class IdentityVerifierServiceGateway : IIdentityVerifier
    {
        public DateTime LastCheckTime { get; private set; }

        public void Initialize()
        {
            // Initialize connection to external service
        }

        public bool Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress)
        {
            Connect();
            var isValidIdentity = CallService(applicantName, applicantAge, applicantAddress);
            LastCheckTime = DateTime.Now;
            Disconnect();

            return isValidIdentity;
        }

        private void Connect()
        {
            // Open connection to external service
        }

        private bool CallService(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress)
        {
            // Make call to external service, interpret the response, and return result

            return false; // Simulate result for demo purposes
        }

        private void Disconnect()
        {
            // Close connection to external service
        }

        public void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress, out bool isValid)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress,
            ref IdentityVerificationStatus status)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
    }
}

        public LoanApplicationProcessor(
            IIdentityVerifier identityVerifier,
            ICreditScorer creditScorer)
        {
            _identityVerifier = identityVerifier ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(identityVerifier));
            _creditScorer = creditScorer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(creditScorer));
        }

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\Loans\Loans.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="16.3.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestAdapter" Version="2.0.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestFramework" Version="2.0.0" />    
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace Loans.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class LoanApplicationProcessorShould
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void DeclineLowSalary()
        {
            var product = new LoanProduct {Id = 99, ProductName = "Loan", InterestRate = 5.25m};
            var amount = new LoanAmount {CurrencyCode = "Rial", Principal = 2_000_000_0};
            var applicant =
                new Applicant {Id = 1, Name = "User 1", Age = 25, Address = "This place", Salary = 1_100_000_0};
            var application = new LoanApplication {Id = 42, Product = product, Amount = amount, Applicant = applicant};
            var processor = new LoanApplicationProcessor(null, null);
            processor.Process(application);

            Assert.IsFalse(application.IsAccepted);
        }
    }
}

public class LoanApplicationProcessor
{
    private const decimal MinimumSalary = 1_500_000_0;

Test method Loans.Tests.LoanApplicationProcessorShould.DeclineLowSalary threw exception:
System.ArgumentNullException: Value cannot be null.
Parameter name: identityVerifier

        public LoanApplicationProcessor(
            IIdentityVerifier identityVerifier,
            ICreditScorer creditScorer)
        {
            _identityVerifier = identityVerifier ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(identityVerifier));
            _creditScorer = creditScorer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(creditScorer));
        }

> dotnet add package Moq
> Install-Package Moq

using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using Moq;

namespace Loans.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class LoanApplicationProcessorShould
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void DeclineLowSalary()
        {
            var product = new LoanProduct {Id = 99, ProductName = "Loan", InterestRate = 5.25m};
            var amount = new LoanAmount {CurrencyCode = "Rial", Principal = 2_000_000_0};
            var applicant =
                new Applicant {Id = 1, Name = "User 1", Age = 25, Address = "This place", Salary = 1_100_000_0};
            var application = new LoanApplication {Id = 42, Product = product, Amount = amount, Applicant = applicant};

            var mockIdentityVerifier = new Mock<IIdentityVerifier>();
            var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();

            var processor = new LoanApplicationProcessor(mockIdentityVerifier.Object, mockCreditScorer.Object);
            processor.Process(application);

            Assert.IsFalse(application.IsAccepted);
        }
    }
}

using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using Moq;

namespace Loans.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class LoanApplicationProcessorShould
    {        
        [TestMethod]
        public void Accept()
        {
            var product = new LoanProduct {Id = 99, ProductName = "Loan", InterestRate = 5.25m};
            var amount = new LoanAmount {CurrencyCode = "Rial", Principal = 2_000_000_0};
            var applicant =
                new Applicant {Id = 1, Name = "User 1", Age = 25, Address = "This place", Salary = 1_500_000_0};
            var application = new LoanApplication {Id = 42, Product = product, Amount = amount, Applicant = applicant};

            var mockIdentityVerifier = new Mock<IIdentityVerifier>();
            var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();

            var processor = new LoanApplicationProcessor(mockIdentityVerifier.Object, mockCreditScorer.Object);
            processor.Process(application);

            Assert.IsTrue(application.IsAccepted);
        }
    }
}

_identityVerifier.Initialize();
var isValidIdentity = _identityVerifier.Validate(
    application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address);