_identityVerifier.Initialize();
var isValidIdentity = _identityVerifier.Validate(
     application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address);

namespace Loans.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class LoanApplicationProcessorShould
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void Accept()
        {
            var product = new LoanProduct {Id = 99, ProductName = "Loan", InterestRate = 5.25m};
            var amount = new LoanAmount {CurrencyCode = "Rial", Principal = 2_000_000_0};
            var applicant =
                new Applicant {Id = 1, Name = "User 1", Age = 25, Address = "This place", Salary = 1_500_000_0};
            var application = new LoanApplication {Id = 42, Product = product, Amount = amount, Applicant = applicant};

            var mockIdentityVerifier = new Mock<IIdentityVerifier>();
            mockIdentityVerifier.Setup(x => x.Validate(applicant.Name, applicant.Age, applicant.Address))
                .Returns(true);

            var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();

            var processor = new LoanApplicationProcessor(mockIdentityVerifier.Object, mockCreditScorer.Object);
            processor.Process(application);

            Assert.IsTrue(application.IsAccepted);
        }
    }
}

_creditScorer.CalculateScore(application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Address);
if (_creditScorer.Score < MinimumCreditScore)
{
    return application.IsAccepted;
}

var mockIdentityVerifier = new Mock<IIdentityVerifier>();
mockIdentityVerifier.Setup(x => x.Validate(
        //applicant.Name,
        It.IsAny<string>(),
        applicant.Age, 
        applicant.Address))
    .Returns(true);

var mockIdentityVerifier = new Mock<IIdentityVerifier>();
mockIdentityVerifier.Setup(x => x.Validate(
        //applicant.Name,
        It.IsAny<string>(),
        //applicant.Age,
        It.IsAny<int>(),
        //applicant.Address
        It.IsAny<string>()
        ))
    .Returns(true);

using Loans.Models;

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface IIdentityVerifier
    {
        void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress, out bool isValid);
// ...
    }
}

//var isValidIdentity = _identityVerifier.Validate(
//    application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address);
_identityVerifier.Validate(
    application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address,
    out var isValidIdentity);

var isValidOutValue = true;
mockIdentityVerifier.Setup(x => x.Validate(applicant.Name,
    applicant.Age,
    applicant.Address,
    out isValidOutValue));

using Loans.Models;

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface IIdentityVerifier
    {        
          void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress,
                             ref IdentityVerificationStatus status);
// ...
    }
}

namespace Loans.Models
{
    public class IdentityVerificationStatus
    {
        public bool Passed { get; set; }
    }
}

IdentityVerificationStatus status = null;
  _identityVerifier.Validate(
      application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address,
      ref status);

if (!status.Passed)
{
    return application.IsAccepted;
}

delegate void ValidateCallback(string applicantName,
    int applicantAge,
    string applicantAddress,
    ref IdentityVerificationStatus status);

mockIdentityVerifier
    .Setup(x => x.Validate(applicant.Name,
        applicant.Age,
        applicant.Address,
        ref It.Ref<IdentityVerificationStatus>.IsAny))
    .Callback(new ValidateCallback(
        (string applicantName,
         int applicantAge,
         string applicantAddress,
         ref IdentityVerificationStatus status) =>
            status = new IdentityVerificationStatus {Passed = true}));

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface INullExample
    {
        string SomeMethod();
    }
}

namespace Loans.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class LoanApplicationProcessorShould
    {        
        [TestMethod]
        public void NullReturnExample()
        {
            var mock = new Mock<INullExample>();

            mock.Setup(x => x.SomeMethod());
            //.Returns<string>(null);

            string mockReturnValue = mock.Object.SomeMethod();

            Assert.IsNull(mockReturnValue);
        }
    }
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
    
    <link href="~/Content/Site.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="~/Content/themes/default/style.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <script src="~/Scripts/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script src="~/Scripts/jstree.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body dir="rtl">
    @RenderBody()
    
    @RenderSection("scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>

 right_to_left = $("body").css("direction") === "rtl";

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace MvcJSTree.Models
{
    public class JsTreeNode
    {
        public string id { set; get; } // نام این خواص باید با مستندات هماهنگ باشد
        public string text { set; get; }
        public string icon { set; get; }
        public JsTreeNodeState state { set; get; }
        public List<JsTreeNode> children { set; get; }
        public JsTreeNodeLiAttributes li_attr { set; get; }
        public JsTreeNodeAAttributes a_attr { set; get; }

        public JsTreeNode()
        {
            state = new JsTreeNodeState();
            children = new List<JsTreeNode>();
            li_attr = new JsTreeNodeLiAttributes();
            a_attr = new JsTreeNodeAAttributes();
        }
    }

    public class JsTreeNodeAAttributes
    {
        // به هر تعداد و نام اختیاری می‌توان خاصیت تعریف کرد
        public string href { set; get; }
    }

    public class JsTreeNodeLiAttributes
    {
        // به هر تعداد و نام اختیاری می‌توان خاصیت تعریف کرد
        public string data { set; get; }
    }

    public class JsTreeNodeState
    {
        public bool opened { set; get; }
        public bool disabled { set; get; }
        public bool selected { set; get; }

        public JsTreeNodeState()
        {
            opened = true;
        }
    }
}

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult GetTreeJson()
        {
            var nodesList = new List<JsTreeNode>();

            var rootNode = new JsTreeNode
            {
                id = "dir",
                text = "Root 1",
                icon = Url.Content("~/Content/images/tree_icon.png"),
                a_attr = { href = "http://www.bing.com" }
            };
            nodesList.Add(rootNode);

            nodesList.Add(new JsTreeNode
            {
                id = "test1",
                text = "Root 2",
                icon = Url.Content("~/Content/images/tree_icon.png"),
                a_attr = { href = "http://www.bing.com" }
            });

            return Json(nodesList, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
        }

 <div id="jstree">
</div>

            $('#jstree').jstree({
                "core": {
                    "multiple": false,
                    "check_callback": true,
                    'data': {
                        'url': '@getTreeJsonUrl',
                        "type": "POST",
                        "dataType": "json",
                        "contentType": "application/json; charset=utf8",
                        'data': function (node) {
                            return { 'id': node.id };
                        }
                    },
                    'themes': {
                        'variant': 'small',
                        'stripes': true
                    }
                },
                "types": {
                    "default": {
                        "icon": '@Url.Content("~/Content/images/bookmark_book_open.png")'
                    },
                },
                "plugins": ["contextmenu", "dnd", "state", "types", "wholerow", "sort", "unique"],
                "contextmenu": {
                    "items": function (o, cb) {
                        var items = $.jstree.defaults.contextmenu.items();
                        items["create"].label = "ایجاد زیر شاخه";
                        items["rename"].label = "تغییر نام";
                        items["remove"].label = "حذف";
                        var cpp = items["ccp"];
                        cpp.label = "ویرایش";
                        var subMenu = cpp["submenu"];
                        subMenu["copy"].label = "کپی";
                        subMenu["paste"].label = "پیست";
                        subMenu["cut"].label = "برش";
                        return items;
                    }
                }
            });

 @{
ViewBag.Title = "Demo";
var getTreeJsonUrl =  Url.Action(actionName: "GetTreeJson", controllerName: "Home");
}

            $('#jstree').jstree({
              // تمام تنظیمات مانند قبل
            }).on('delete_node.jstree', function (e, data) {
                })
                .on('create_node.jstree', function (e, data) {
                })
                .on('rename_node.jstree', function (e, data) {
                })
                .on('move_node.jstree', function (e, data) {
                })
                .on('copy_node.jstree', function (e, data) {
                })
                .on('changed.jstree', function (e, data) {
                })
                .on('dblclick.jstree', function (e) {
                })
                .on('select_node.jstree', function (e, data) {
                });

        function postJsTreeOperation(operation, data, onDone, onFail) {
            $.post('@doJsTreeOperationUrl',
                {
                    'operation': operation,
                    'id': data.node.id,
                    'parentId': data.node.parent,
                    'position': data.position,
                    'text': data.node.text,
                    'originalId': data.original ? data.original.id : data.node.original.id,
                    'href': data.node.a_attr.href
                })
                .done(function (result) {
                    onDone(result);
                })
                .fail(function (result) {
                    alert('failed.....');
                    onFail(result);
                });
        }

                .on('create_node.jstree', function (e, data) {
                    postJsTreeOperation('CreateNode', data,
                        function (result) {
                            data.instance.set_id(data.node, result.id);
                        },
                        function (result) {
                            data.instance.refresh();
                        });
                })

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult DoJsTreeOperation(JsTreeOperationData data)
        {
            switch (data.Operation)
            {
                case JsTreeOperation.CopyNode:
                case JsTreeOperation.CreateNode:
                    //todo: save data
                    var rnd = new Random(); // آی دی رکورد پس از ثبت در بانک اطلاعاتی دریافت و بازگشت داده شود
                    return Json(new { id = rnd.Next() }, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);

                case JsTreeOperation.DeleteNode:
                    //todo: save data
                    return Json(new { result = "ok" }, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);

                case JsTreeOperation.MoveNode:
                    //todo: save data
                    return Json(new { result = "ok" }, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);

                case JsTreeOperation.RenameNode:
                    //todo: save data
                    return Json(new { result = "ok" }, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);

                default:
                    throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format("{0} is not supported.", data.Operation));
            }
        }

namespace MvcJSTree.Models
{
    public enum JsTreeOperation
    {
        DeleteNode,
        CreateNode,
        RenameNode,
        MoveNode,
        CopyNode
    }

    public class JsTreeOperationData
    {
        public JsTreeOperation Operation { set; get; }
        public string Id { set; get; }
        public string ParentId { set; get; }
        public string OriginalId { set; get; }
        public string Text { set; get; }
        public string Position { set; get; }
        public string Href { set; get; }
    }
}

               var selectedData;
               // ...
                .on('dblclick.jstree', function (e) {
                    var href = selectedData.node.a_attr.href;
                    alert('selected node: ' + selectedData.node.text + ', href:' + href);

                    // auto redirect
                    if (href) {
                        window.location = href;
                    }

                    // activate edit mode
                    //var inst = $.jstree.reference(selectedData.node);
                    //inst.edit(selectedData.node);
                })
                .on('select_node.jstree', function (e, data) {
                    //alert('selected node: ' + data.node.text);
                    selectedData = data;
                });

using (var db = new BloggingContext())
{
   var blog = new Blog { Url = "http://sample.com" };
   db.Blogs.Add(blog);
   db.SaveChanges();
}

using (var db = new BloggingContext())
{
  var blog = db.Blogs.First();
  blog.Url = "http://sample.com/blog";
  db.SaveChanges();
}

using (var db = new BloggingContext())
{
  var blog = db.Blogs.First();
  db.Blogs.Remove(blog);
  db.SaveChanges();
}

using (var context = new BloggingContext())
{
   var blog = context.Blogs
      .Select(b =>
            new
            {
               Blog = b,
               Posts = b.Posts.Count()
            });
 }

using (var context = new BloggingContext())
{
   var blog = context.Blogs
            .Select(b =>
                 new
                 {
                   Id = b.BlogId,
                   Url = b.Url
                 });
 }

using (var context = new BloggingContext())
{
  var blogs = context.Blogs.AsNoTracking().ToList();
}

using (var context = new BloggingContext())
{
    context.ChangeTracker.QueryTrackingBehavior = QueryTrackingBehavior.NoTracking;

using (var context = new BloggingContext())
{
  var blog = context.Blogs.First();
  var post = new Post { Title = "Intro to EF Core" };

  blog.Posts.Add(post);
  context.SaveChanges();
}

using (var context = new BloggingContext())
{
  var blog = new Blog { Url = "http://blogs.msdn.com/visualstudio" };
  var post = context.Posts.First();

  blog.Posts.Add(post);
  context.SaveChanges();
}

 var blog = new Blog { Id = 2, Url = "https://www.dntips.ir" };
 context.Blog.Attach(blog);
 context.SaveChanges();

 var blog = new Blog { Id = 2, Url = "https://www.dntips.ir" };
 context.Entry(blog).State = EntityState.Modified ;
 context.SaveChanges();

 var blog = new Blog { Id = 2, Url = "https://www.dntips.ir" };
 context.Update(blog);
 context.SaveChanges();

 context.ChangeTracker.TrackGraph(blog, e => e.Entry.State = EntityState.Added);

public class BaseEntity
{
   public int Id { set; get; }
   public DateTime? DateAdded { set; get; }
   public DateTime? DateUpdated { set; get; }
}

public class Person : BaseEntity
{
   public string FirstName { get; set; }
   public string LastName { get; set; }
}

    public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
    {
        // same as before 

        public override int SaveChanges()
        {
            this.ChangeTracker.DetectChanges();

            var modifiedEntries = this.ChangeTracker
                                      .Entries<BaseEntity>()
                                      .Where(x => x.State == EntityState.Modified);
            foreach (var modifiedEntry in modifiedEntries)
            {
                modifiedEntry.Entity.DateUpdated = DateTime.UtcNow;
            }
 
            var addedEntries = this.ChangeTracker
                                      .Entries<BaseEntity>()
                                      .Where(x => x.State == EntityState.Added);
            foreach (var addedEntry in addedEntries)
            {
                addedEntry.Entity.DateAdded = DateTime.UtcNow;
            }
 
            return base.SaveChanges();
        }
    }

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
  modelBuilder.Entity<Blog>().Property<DateTime>("DateAdded");

 var blogs = context.Blogs.OrderBy(b => EF.Property<DateTime>(b, "DateAdded"));

 context.Entry(myBlog).Property("DateAdded").CurrentValue = DateTime.Now;

foreach (var addedEntry in addedEntries)
{
  addedEntry.Property("DateAdded").CurrentValue = DateTime.UtcNow;
}

public class Customer
{
    public Customer()
    {
        Orders = new ObservableCollection<Order>();
    }
    public Guid Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Family { get; set; }

    public string FullName
    {
        get
        {
            return Name + " " + Family;
        }
    }

    public virtual IList<Order> Orders { get; set; }
}

public class Product
{
    public Product()
    {
    }

    public Guid Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Price { get; set; }
}
public class OrderDetail
{
    public Guid Id { get; set; }
    public Guid ProductId { get; set; }
    public int Count { get; set; }
    public Guid OrderId { get; set; }
    public int Price { get; set; }

    public virtual Order Order { get; set; }
    public virtual Product Product { get; set; }

    public string ProductName
    {
        get
        {
            return Product != null ? Product.Name : string.Empty;
        }
    }
}

public class Order
{
    public Order()
    {
        OrderDetail = new ObservableCollection<OrderDetail>();
    }
    public Guid Id { get; set; }
    public DateTime Date { get; set; }

    public Guid CustomerId { get; set; }
    public virtual Customer Customer { get; set; }
    public virtual IList<OrderDetail> OrderDetail { get; set; }

    public string CustomerFullName
    {
        get
        {
            return Customer == null ? string.Empty : Customer.FullName;
        }
    }

    public int TotalPrice
    {
        get
        {
            if (OrderDetail == null)
                return 0;

            return
                OrderDetail.Where(orderdetail => orderdetail.Product != null)
                .Sum(orderdetail => orderdetail.Price*orderdetail.Count);
        }
    }
}

public class CustomerConfiguration : EntityTypeConfiguration<Customer>
{
    public CustomerConfiguration()
    {
        HasKey(c => c.Id);
        Property(c => c.Id).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);
    }
}
public class ProductConfiguration : EntityTypeConfiguration<Product>
{
    public ProductConfiguration()
    {
        HasKey(p => p.Id);
        Property(p => p.Id).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);
    }
}
public class OrderDetailConfiguration : EntityTypeConfiguration<OrderDetail>
{
    public OrderDetailConfiguration()
    {
        HasKey(od => od.Id);
        Property(od => od.Id).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);
    }
}
public class OrderConfiguration: EntityTypeConfiguration<Order>
{
    public OrderConfiguration()
    {
        HasKey(o => o.Id);
        Property(o => o.Id).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);
    }
}

public class StoreDbContext : DbContext
{
    public StoreDbContext()
        : base("name=StoreDb")
    {
    }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new CustomerConfiguration());
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new OrderConfiguration());
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new OrderDetailConfiguration());
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new ProductConfiguration());
    }

    public DbSet<Customer> Customers { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Product> Products { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Order> Orders { get; set; }
    public DbSet<OrderDetail> OrderDetails { get; set; }
}

public class MyTestDb : DropCreateDatabaseAlways<StoreDbContext>
{
    protected override void Seed(StoreDbContext context)
    {
        var customer1 = new Customer { Name = "Vahid", Family = "Nasiri" };
        var customer2 = new Customer { Name = "Mohsen", Family = "Jamshidi" };
        var customer3 = new Customer { Name = "Mohsen", Family = "Akbari" };

        var product1 = new Product {Name = "CPU", Price = 350000};
        var product2 = new Product {Name = "Monitor", Price = 500000};
        var product3 = new Product {Name = "Keyboard", Price = 30000};
        var product4 = new Product {Name = "Mouse", Price = 20000};
        var product5 = new Product {Name = "Power", Price = 70000};
        var product6 = new Product {Name = "Hard", Price = 250000};

        var order1 = new Order
        {
            Customer = customer1, Date = new DateTime(2013, 1, 1),
            OrderDetail = new List<OrderDetail>
            {
                new OrderDetail {Product = product1, Count = 1, Price = product1.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product2, Count = 1, Price = product2.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product3, Count = 1, Price = product3.Price},
            }
        };

        var order2 = new Order
        {
            Customer = customer1,
            Date = new DateTime(2013, 1, 5),
            OrderDetail = new List<OrderDetail>
            {
                new OrderDetail {Product = product1, Count = 2, Price = product1.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product3, Count = 4, Price = product3.Price},
            }
        };

        var order3 = new Order
        {
            Customer = customer1,
            Date = new DateTime(2013, 1, 9),
            OrderDetail = new List<OrderDetail>
            {
                new OrderDetail {Product = product1, Count = 4, Price = product1.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product3, Count = 5, Price = product3.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product5, Count = 6, Price = product5.Price},
            }
        };

        var order4 = new Order
        {
            Customer = customer2,
            Date = new DateTime(2013, 1, 9),
            OrderDetail = new List<OrderDetail>
            {
                new OrderDetail {Product = product4, Count = 1, Price = product4.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product3, Count = 1, Price = product3.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product6, Count = 1, Price = product6.Price},
            }
        };

        var order5 = new Order
        {
            Customer = customer2,
            Date = new DateTime(2013, 1, 12),
            OrderDetail = new List<OrderDetail>
            {
                new OrderDetail {Product = product4, Count = 1, Price = product4.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product5, Count = 2, Price = product5.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product6, Count = 5, Price = product6.Price},
            }
        };

        context.Customers.Add(customer3);

        context.Orders.Add(order1);
        context.Orders.Add(order2);
        context.Orders.Add(order3);
        context.Orders.Add(order4);
        context.Orders.Add(order5);

        context.SaveChanges();
    }

Database.SetInitializer(new MyTestDb());

<connectionStrings>
    <add name="StoreDb" connectionString="Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;
Initial Catalog=StoreDBTest;Integrated Security = true" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
</connectionStrings>

using (var context = new StoreDbContext())
{
    var query = context.Customers;

    foreach (var customer in query)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Customer Name: {0}, Customer Family: {1}", 
                                  customer.Name, customer.Family);
    }
}

Customer Name: Vahid, Customer Family: Nasiri
Customer Name: Mohsen, Customer Family: Jamshidi
Customer Name: Mohsen, Customer Family: Akbari

var customers = context.Customers.ToList();

private static void Query3()
{
    using (var context = new StoreDbContext())
    {
        var methodSyntaxquery = context.Customers
                   .Where(c => c.Name == "Mohsen");
        var sqlSyntaxquery = from c in context.Customers
                             where c.Name == "Mohsen"
                             select c;

        foreach (var customer in methodSyntaxquery)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Customer Name: {0}, Customer Family: {1}", 
                                      customer.Name, customer.Family);
        }
    }

    // Output:
    // Customer Name: Mohsen, Customer Family: Jamshidi
    // Customer Name: Mohsen, Customer Family: Akbari
}

1. داده‌های موجود در حافظه را بررسی می‌کند یعنی آنهایی که Load و یا Attach شده اند.
   
2. داده هایی که به DbContext اضافه (Add) ولی هنوز در database درج نشده اند.
   
3. داده هایی که در database هستند ولی هنوز Load نشده اند.
   

namespace KendoUI03.Models
{
    public class Product
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public decimal Price { set; get; }
        public bool IsAvailable { set; get; }
    }
}

 /api/products?{"take":10,"skip":0,"page":1,"pageSize":10,"sort":[{"field":"Id","dir":"desc"}]}

{
"Data":
[
{"Id":1500,"Name":"نام 1500","Price":2499.0,"IsAvailable":false},
{"Id":1499,"Name":"نام 1499","Price":2498.0,"IsAvailable":true}
],
"Total":1500,
"Aggregates":null
}

 PM> Install-Package Kendo.DynamicLinq

using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web.Http;
using Kendo.DynamicLinq;
using KendoUI03.Models;
using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace KendoUI03.Controllers
{
    public class ProductsController : ApiController
    {
        public DataSourceResult Get(HttpRequestMessage requestMessage)
        {
            var request = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<DataSourceRequest>(
                requestMessage.RequestUri.ParseQueryString().GetKey(0)
            );

            var list = ProductDataSource.LatestProducts;
            return list.AsQueryable()
                       .ToDataSourceResult(request.Take, request.Skip, request.Sort, request.Filter);
        }
    }
}

<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="fa" />
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

    <title>Kendo UI: Implemeting the Grid</title>

    <link href="styles/kendo.common.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    <!--شیوه نامه‌ی مخصوص راست به چپ سازی-->
    <link href="styles/kendo.rtl.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="styles/kendo.default.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    <script src="js/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="js/kendo.all.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

    <!--محل سفارشی سازی پیام‌ها و مسایل بومی-->
    <script src="js/cultures/kendo.culture.fa-IR.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="js/cultures/kendo.culture.fa.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="js/messages/kendo.messages.en-US.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

    <style type="text/css">
        body {
            font-family: tahoma;
            font-size: 9pt;
        }
    </style>

    <script type="text/javascript">
        // جهت استفاده از فایل: kendo.culture.fa-IR.js
        kendo.culture("fa-IR");
    </script>
</head>

    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            var productsDataSource = new kendo.data.DataSource({
                transport: {
                    read: {
                        url: "api/products",
                        dataType: "json",
                        contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
                        type: 'GET'
                    },
                    parameterMap: function (options) {
                        return kendo.stringify(options);
                    }
                },
                schema: {
                    data: "Data",
                    total: "Total",
                    model: {
                        fields: {
                            "Id": { type: "number" }, //تعیین نوع فیلد برای جستجوی پویا مهم است
                            "Name": { type: "string" },
                            "IsAvailable": { type: "boolean" },
                            "Price": { type: "number" }
                        }
                    }
                },
                error: function (e) {
                    alert(e.errorThrown);
                },
                pageSize: 10,
                sort: { field: "Id", dir: "desc" },
                serverPaging: true,
                serverFiltering: true,
                serverSorting: true
            });

            $("#report-grid").kendoGrid({
                dataSource: productsDataSource,
                autoBind: true,
                scrollable: false,
                pageable: true,
                sortable: true,
                filterable: true,
                reorderable: true,
                columnMenu: true,
                columns: [
                    { field: "Id", title: "شماره", width: "130px" },
                    { field: "Name", title: "نام محصول" },
                    {
                        field: "IsAvailable", title: "موجود است",
                        template: '<input type="checkbox" #= IsAvailable ? checked="checked" : "" # disabled="disabled" ></input>'
                    },
                    { field: "Price", title: "قیمت", format: "{0:c}" }
                ]
            });
        });
    </script>

SELECT
    [Id], 
    (SELECT top 1  * FROM  [AppUsers] FOR XML auto),
    HASHBYTES ('SHA2_256', (SELECT top 1  * FROM  [AppUsers] FOR XML auto)) AS [hash] -- varbinary(n), since 2012
FROM
    [AppUsers]

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace EFCoreRowIntegrity
{
    public interface IAuditableEntity
    {
        string Hash { set; get; }
    }

    public static class AuditableShadowProperties
    {
        public static readonly string CreatedDateTime = nameof(CreatedDateTime);
        public static readonly string ModifiedDateTime = nameof(ModifiedDateTime);
    }

    public class Blog : IAuditableEntity
    {
        public int BlogId { get; set; }
        public string Url { get; set; }

        public List<Post> Posts { get; set; }

        public string Hash { get; set; }
    }

    public class Post : IAuditableEntity
    {
        public int PostId { get; set; }
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public string Content { get; set; }

        public int BlogId { get; set; }
        public Blog Blog { get; set; }

        public string Hash { get; set; }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.ChangeTracking;

namespace EFCoreRowIntegrity
{
    public class AuditEntry
    {
        public EntityEntry EntityEntry { set; get; }
        public IList<AuditProperty> AuditProperties { set; get; } = new List<AuditProperty>();

        public AuditEntry() { }

        public AuditEntry(EntityEntry entry)
        {
            EntityEntry = entry;
        }
    }

    public class AuditProperty
    {
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public object Value { set; get; }

        public bool IsTemporary { set; get; }
        public PropertyEntry PropertyEntry { set; get; }

        public AuditProperty() { }

        public AuditProperty(string name, object value, bool isTemporary, PropertyEntry property)
        {
            Name = name;
            Value = value;
            IsTemporary = isTemporary;
            PropertyEntry = property;
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.ChangeTracking;
using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace EFCoreRowIntegrity
{
    public static class HashingExtensions
    {
        public static string GenerateObjectHash(this object @object)
        {
            if (@object == null)
            {
                return string.Empty;
            }

            var jsonData = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(@object, Formatting.Indented);
            using (var hashAlgorithm = new SHA256CryptoServiceProvider())
            {
                var byteValue = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(jsonData);
                var byteHash = hashAlgorithm.ComputeHash(byteValue);
                return Convert.ToBase64String(byteHash);
            }
        }

        public static string GenerateEntityEntryHash(this EntityEntry entry, string propertyToIgnore)
        {
            var auditEntry = new Dictionary<string, object>();
            foreach (var property in entry.Properties)
            {
                var propertyName = property.Metadata.Name;
                if (propertyName == propertyToIgnore)
                {
                    continue;
                }
                auditEntry[propertyName] = property.CurrentValue;
            }
            return auditEntry.GenerateObjectHash();
        }

        public static string GenerateEntityHash<TEntity>(this DbContext context, TEntity entity, string propertyToIgnore)
        {
            return context.Entry(entity).GenerateEntityEntryHash(propertyToIgnore);
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.ChangeTracking;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace EFCoreRowIntegrity
{
    public class BloggingContext : DbContext
    {
        public BloggingContext()
        { }

        public BloggingContext(DbContextOptions options)
            : base(options)
        { }

        public DbSet<Blog> Blogs { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Post> Posts { get; set; }

        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            if (!optionsBuilder.IsConfigured)
            {
                optionsBuilder.EnableSensitiveDataLogging();
                var path = Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "app_data", "EFCore.RowIntegrity.mdf");
                optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer($"Server=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Database=EFCore.RowIntegrity;AttachDbFilename={path};Trusted_Connection=True;");
                optionsBuilder.UseLoggerFactory(new LoggerFactory().AddConsole((message, logLevel) =>
                logLevel == LogLevel.Debug &&
                           message.StartsWith("Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command")));
            }
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);

            foreach (var entityType in modelBuilder.Model
                                                   .GetEntityTypes()
                                                   .Where(e => typeof(IAuditableEntity)
                                                   .IsAssignableFrom(e.ClrType)))
            {
                modelBuilder.Entity(entityType.ClrType)
                            .Property<DateTimeOffset?>(AuditableShadowProperties.CreatedDateTime);
                modelBuilder.Entity(entityType.ClrType)
                            .Property<DateTimeOffset?>(AuditableShadowProperties.ModifiedDateTime);
            }
        }

        public override int SaveChanges()
        {
            var auditEntries = OnBeforeSaveChanges();
            var result = base.SaveChanges();
            OnAfterSaveChanges(auditEntries);
            return result;
        }

        private IList<AuditEntry> OnBeforeSaveChanges()
        {
            var auditEntries = new List<AuditEntry>();

            foreach (var entry in ChangeTracker.Entries<IAuditableEntity>())
            {
                if (entry.State == EntityState.Detached || entry.State == EntityState.Unchanged)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                var auditEntry = new AuditEntry(entry);
                auditEntries.Add(auditEntry);

                var now = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow;

                foreach (var property in entry.Properties)
                {
                    var propertyName = property.Metadata.Name;
                    if (propertyName == nameof(IAuditableEntity.Hash))
                    {
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (property.IsTemporary)
                    {
                        // It's an auto-generated value and should be retrieved from the DB after calling the base.SaveChanges().
                        auditEntry.AuditProperties.Add(new AuditProperty(propertyName, null, true, property));
                        continue;
                    }

                    switch (entry.State)
                    {
                        case EntityState.Added:
                            entry.Property(AuditableShadowProperties.CreatedDateTime).CurrentValue = now;
                            auditEntry.AuditProperties.Add(new AuditProperty(propertyName, property.CurrentValue, false, property));
                            break;
                        case EntityState.Modified:
                            auditEntry.AuditProperties.Add(new AuditProperty(propertyName, property.CurrentValue, false, property));
                            entry.Property(AuditableShadowProperties.ModifiedDateTime).CurrentValue = now;
                            break;
                    }
                }
            }

            return auditEntries;
        }

        private void OnAfterSaveChanges(IList<AuditEntry> auditEntries)
        {
            foreach (var auditEntry in auditEntries)
            {
                foreach (var auditProperty in auditEntry.AuditProperties.Where(x => x.IsTemporary))
                {
                    // Now we have the auto-generated value from the DB.
                    auditProperty.Value = auditProperty.PropertyEntry.CurrentValue;
                    auditProperty.IsTemporary = false;
                }
                auditEntry.EntityEntry.Property(nameof(IAuditableEntity.Hash)).CurrentValue =
                    auditEntry.AuditProperties.ToDictionary(x => x.Name, x => x.Value).GenerateObjectHash();
            }
            base.SaveChanges();
        }
    }
}

public override int SaveChanges()
{
    var auditEntries = OnBeforeSaveChanges();
    var result = base.SaveChanges();
    OnAfterSaveChanges(auditEntries);
    return result;
}

if (property.IsTemporary)
{
   // It's an auto-generated value and should be retrieved from the DB after calling the base.SaveChanges().
   auditEntry.AuditProperties.Add(new AuditProperty(propertyName, null, true, property));
   continue;
}

private static void CheckRow1IsAuthentic()
{
    using (var context = new BloggingContext())
    {
        var blog1 = context.Blogs.Single(x => x.BlogId == 1);
        var entityHash = context.GenerateEntityHash(blog1, propertyToIgnore: nameof(IAuditableEntity.Hash));
        var dbRowHash = blog1.Hash;
        Console.WriteLine($"entityHash: {entityHash}\ndbRowHash:  {dbRowHash}");
        if (entityHash == dbRowHash)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("This row is authentic!");
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("This row is tampered outside of the application!");
        }
    }
}

entityHash: P110cYquWpoaZuTpCWaqBn6HPSGdoQdmaAN05s1zYqo=
dbRowHash: P110cYquWpoaZuTpCWaqBn6HPSGdoQdmaAN05s1zYqo=
This row is authentic!

entityHash: tdiZhKMJRnROGLLam1WpldA0fy/CbjJaR2Y2jNU9izk=
dbRowHash: P110cYquWpoaZuTpCWaqBn6HPSGdoQdmaAN05s1zYqo=
This row is tampered outside of the application!

var blogs = (from blog in context.Blogs.ToList() // Note: this `ToList()` is necessary here for having Shadow properties values, otherwise they will considered `null`.
             let computedHash = context.GenerateEntityHash(blog, nameof(IAuditableEntity.Hash))
             select new
             {
               blog.BlogId,
               blog.Url,
               RowHash = blog.Hash,
               ComputedHash = computedHash,
               IsAuthentic = blog.Hash == computedHash
             }).ToList();

[
  {
    release_info,
    "assets": [
      {
      }
    ]
  }
]

using Newtonsoft.Json;
using System;

namespace ApplicationAnnouncements
{
    public class GitHubProjectRelease
    {
        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "url")]
        public string Url { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "assets_url")]
        public string AssetsUrl { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "upload_url")]
        public string UploadUrl { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "html_url")]
        public string HtmlUrl { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "id")]
        public int Id { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "tag_name")]
        public string TagName { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "target_commitish")]
        public string TargetCommitish { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "name")]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "body")]
        public string Body { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "draft")]
        public bool Draft { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "prerelease")]
        public bool PreRelease { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "created_at")]
        public DateTime CreatedAt { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "published_at")]
        public DateTime PublishedAt { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "assets")]
        public Asset[] Assets { get; set; }
    }

    public class Asset
    {
        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "url")]
        public string Url { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "id")]
        public int Id { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "name")]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "label")]
        public string Label { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "content_type")]
        public string ContentType { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "state")]
        public string State { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "size")]
        public int Size { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "download_count")]
        public int DownloadCount { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "created_at")]
        public DateTime CreatedAt { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "updated_at")]
        public DateTime UpdatedAt { get; set; }
    }
}

If Not a And b Then
  ...
Else
  ...
EndIf

if(!(a) && b)
{
...
}
else
{
}

public interface ICommand
{
}

public class Command1 : ICommand
{
}

public class Command2 : ICommand
{
}

ICommand command = new Command1();
if (!(command is Command2))
{

}

if (command is not Command2)
{

}

if ((command is ICommand) && !(command is Command2))
{

}

if (command is ICommand and not Command2)
{

}

if (command is Command1 or Command2)
{

}

var number = new Random().Next(1, 10);
if (number > 2 && number < 8)
{

}

if (number is > 2 and < 8)
{

}

public static bool IsLetterOrSeparator(char c) =>
   (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || c == '.' || c == ',';

public static bool IsLetterOrSeparator(char c) =>
   c is (>= 'a' and <= 'z') or (>= 'A' and <= 'Z') or '.' or ',';

 var number = new Random().Next(1, 10);
 if (number <= 0)
 {
     Console.WriteLine("Less than or equal to 0");
 }
 else if (number > 0 && number <= 10)
 {
     Console.WriteLine("More than 0 but less than or equal to 10");
 }
 else
 {
     Console.WriteLine("More than 10");
 }

// C#9.0
 switch (number)
 {
     case <= 0:
         Console.WriteLine("Less than or equal to 0");
         break;
     case > 0 and <= 10:
         Console.WriteLine("More than 0 but less than or equal to 10");
         break;
     default:
         Console.WriteLine("More than 10");
         break;
 }

// C#7.0
 switch (number)
 {
     case int value when value <= 0:
         Console.WriteLine("Less than or equal to 0");
         break;
     case int value when value > 0 && value <= 10:
         Console.WriteLine("More than 0 but less than or equal to 10");
         break;
     default:
         Console.WriteLine("More than 10");
         break;
 }

 var message = number switch
 {
     <= 0 => "Less than or equal to 0",
     > 0 and <= 10 => "More than 0 but less than or equal to 10",
     _ => "More than 10"
 };

private static int GetDiscount(Product p) => p switch
        {
            Food => 0, // Food _ => 0 before C# 9
            Book b => 75, // Book b _ => 75 before C# 9
            _ => 25
        };