namespace SplittingTableSample.DomainClasses
{
    public class Post
    {
        public virtual int Id { get; set; }
        public virtual string Title { get; set; }
        public virtual DateTime CreatedDate { get; set; }
        public virtual string  Body { get; set; }
        public virtual byte[] Image { get; set; }
    }
}

            using (var context = new MyDbContext())
            {
                var post = context.Posts.Find(1);
            }

exec sp_executesql N'SELECT TOP (2) 
[Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], 
[Extent1].[Title] AS [Title], 
[Extent1].[CreatedDate] AS [CreatedDate], 
[Extent1].[Body] AS [Body], 
[Extent1].[Image] AS [Image]
FROM [dbo].[Posts] AS [Extent1]
WHERE [Extent1].[Id] = @p0',N'@p0 int',@p0=1

namespace SplittingTableSample.DomainClasses
{
    public class Post
    {
        public virtual int Id { get; set; }
        public virtual string Title { get; set; }
        public virtual DateTime CreatedDate { get; set; }
        public virtual PostMetaData PostMetaData { get; set; }
    }
}
namespace SplittingTableSample.DomainClasses
{
    public class PostMetaData
    {
        public virtual int PostId { get; set; }
        public virtual string Body { get; set; }
        public virtual byte[] Image { get; set; }
        public virtual Post Post { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace SplittingTableSample.DomainClasses
{
    public class PostMetaDataConfig : EntityTypeConfiguration<PostMetaData>
    {
        public PostMetaDataConfig()
        {
            HasKey(x => x.PostId);
            HasRequired(x => x.Post).WithRequiredDependent(x => x.PostMetaData);
        }
    }
}

var post = context.Posts.Find(1);

exec sp_executesql N'SELECT TOP (2) 
[Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], 
[Extent1].[Title] AS [Title], 
[Extent1].[CreatedDate] AS [CreatedDate]
FROM [dbo].[Posts] AS [Extent1]
WHERE [Extent1].[Id] = @p0',N'@p0 int',@p0=1

namespace SplittingTableSample.DomainClasses
{
    public class PostConfig : EntityTypeConfiguration<Post>
    {
        public PostConfig()
        {
            ToTable("Posts");
        }
    }
}
namespace SplittingTableSample.DomainClasses
{
    public class PostMetaDataConfig : EntityTypeConfiguration<PostMetaData>
    {
        public PostMetaDataConfig()
        {
            ToTable("Posts");
            HasKey(x => x.PostId);
            HasRequired(x => x.Post).WithRequiredDependent(x => x.PostMetaData);
        }
    }
}

var post = context.Posts.Find(1);
Console.WriteLine(post.PostMetaData.Body);

exec sp_executesql N'SELECT TOP (2) 
[Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], 
[Extent1].[Title] AS [Title], 
[Extent1].[CreatedDate] AS [CreatedDate]
FROM [dbo].[Posts] AS [Extent1]
WHERE [Extent1].[Id] = @p0',N'@p0 int',@p0=1

exec sp_executesql N'SELECT 
[Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], 
[Extent1].[Body] AS [Body], 
[Extent1].[Image] AS [Image]
FROM [dbo].[Posts] AS [Extent1]
WHERE [Extent1].[Id] = @EntityKeyValue1',N'@EntityKeyValue1 int',@EntityKeyValue1=1

var post = context.Posts.Include(x => x.PostMetaData).SingleOrDefault(x => x.Id == 1);

SELECT 
[Limit1].[Id] AS [Id], 
[Limit1].[Title] AS [Title], 
[Limit1].[CreatedDate] AS [CreatedDate], 
[Extent2].[Id] AS [Id1], 
[Extent2].[Body] AS [Body], 
[Extent2].[Image] AS [Image]
FROM   (SELECT TOP (2) [Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], [Extent1].[Title] AS [Title], [Extent1].[CreatedDate] AS [CreatedDate]
FROM [dbo].[Posts] AS [Extent1]
WHERE 1 = [Extent1].[Id] ) AS [Limit1]
LEFT OUTER JOIN [dbo].[Posts] AS [Extent2] ON [Limit1].[Id] = [Extent2].[Id]

#region Nivo Slider

   bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/NivoSlider").Include("~/Content/nivoSlider/nivo-slider.css"));
   bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/NivoSliderDefaultTheme").Include("~/Content/nivoSlider/themes/default/default.css"));
   bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/NivoSliderDarkTheme").Include("~/Content/nivoSlider/themes/dark/dark.css"));
   bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/NivoSliderLightTheme").Include("~/Content/nivoSlider/themes/light/light.css"));
   bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/NivoSliderBarTheme").Include("~/Content/nivoSlider/themes/bar/bar.css"));
   bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/NivoSlider").Include("~/Scripts/jquery.nivo.slider.pack.js"));

#endregion

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script>
    @Styles.Render("~/Content/NivoSlider", "~/Content/NivoSliderDefaultTheme","~/Content/NivoSliderLightTheme")
    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/NivoSlider")
</head>
<body>
    @RenderBody()
    @RenderSection("scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>

 public class NivoSliderHelper 
 {
        #region Fields

        private string _id = "nivo1";
        private List<NivoSliderItem> _models = null;
        private string _width = "100%";
        private NivoSliderTheme _theme = NivoSliderTheme.Default;
        private string _effect = "random"; // Specify sets like= 'fold;fade;sliceDown'
        private int _slices = 15; // For slice animations
        private int _boxCols = 8; // For box animations
        private int _boxRows = 4; // For box animations
        private int _animSpeed = 500; // Slide transition speed
        private int _pauseTime = 3000; // How long each slide will show
        private int _startSlide = 0; // Set starting Slide (0 index)
        private bool _directionNav = true; // Next & Prev navigation
        private bool _controlNav = true; // 1;2;3... navigation
        private bool _controlNavThumbs = false; // Use thumbnails for Control Nav
        private bool _pauseOnHover = true; // Stop animation while hovering
        private bool _manualAdvance = false; // Force manual transitions
        private string _prevText = "Prev"; // Prev directionNav text
        private string _nextText = "Next"; // Next directionNav text
        private bool _randomStart = false; // Start on a random slide
        private string _beforeChange = ""; // Triggers before a slide transition
        private string _afterChange = ""; // Triggers after a slide transition
        private string _slideshowEnd = ""; // Triggers after all slides have been shown
        private string _lastSlide = ""; // Triggers when last slide is shown
        private string _afterLoad = "";

        #endregion

        string makeParameters()
        {
            var builder = new StringBuilder();
            builder.Append("{");
            builder.Append(string.Format("effect:'{0}'", _effect));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",slices:{0}", _slices));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",boxCols:{0}", _boxCols));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",boxRows:{0}", _boxRows));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",animSpeed:{0}", _animSpeed));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",pauseTime:{0}", _pauseTime));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",startSlide:{0}", _startSlide));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",directionNav:{0}", _directionNav.ToString().ToLower()));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",controlNav:{0}", _controlNav.ToString().ToLower()));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",controlNavThumbs:{0}", _controlNavThumbs.ToString().ToLower()));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",pauseOnHover:{0}", _pauseOnHover.ToString().ToLower()));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",manualAdvance:{0}", _manualAdvance.ToString().ToLower()));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",prevText:'{0}'", _prevText));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",nextText:'{0}'", _nextText));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",randomStart:{0}", _randomStart.ToString().ToLower()));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",beforeChange:{0}", _beforeChange));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",afterChange:{0}", _afterChange));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",slideshowEnd:{0}", _slideshowEnd));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",lastSlide:{0}", _lastSlide));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",afterLoad:{0}", _afterLoad));
            builder.Append("}");
            return builder.ToString();
        }
        public NivoSliderHelper (
            string id, 
            List<NivoSliderItem> models,
            string width = "100%", 
            NivoSliderTheme theme = NivoSliderTheme.Default,
            string effect = "random", 
            int slices = 15, 
            int boxCols = 8, 
            int boxRows = 4,
            int animSpeed = 500, 
            int pauseTime = 3000, 
            int startSlide = 0,
            bool directionNav = true, 
            bool controlNav = true,
            bool controlNavThumbs = false, 
            bool pauseOnHover = true, 
            bool manualAdvance = false,
            string prevText = "Prev",
            string nextText = "Next", 
            bool randomStart = false,
            string beforeChange = "function(){}", 
            string afterChange = "function(){}",
            string slideshowEnd = "function(){}", 
            string lastSlide = "function(){}", 
            string afterLoad = "function(){}")
        {
            _id = id;
            _models = models;
            _width = width;
            _theme = theme;
            _effect = effect;
            _slices = slices;
            _boxCols = boxCols;
            _boxRows = boxRows;
            _animSpeed = animSpeed;
            _pauseTime = pauseTime;
            _startSlide = startSlide;
            _directionNav = directionNav;
            _controlNav = controlNav;
            _controlNavThumbs = controlNavThumbs;
            _pauseOnHover = pauseOnHover;
            _manualAdvance = manualAdvance;
            _prevText = prevText;
            _nextText = nextText;
            _randomStart = randomStart;
            _beforeChange = beforeChange;
            _afterChange = afterChange;
            _slideshowEnd = slideshowEnd;
            _lastSlide = lastSlide;
            _afterLoad = afterLoad;
        }
        public IHtmlString GetHtml()
        {
            var thm = "theme-" + _theme.ToString().ToLower();
            var sb = new StringBuilder();
            sb.AppendLine("<div style='width:" + _width + ";height:auto;margin:0px auto' class='" + thm + "'>");
            sb.AppendLine("<div id='" + _id + "' class='nivoSlider'>");
            foreach (var model in _models)
            {
                string img = string.Format("<img src='{0}' alt='{1}' title='{2}' />", model.ImageFilePath, "", model.Caption);
                string item = "";
                if (model.LinkUrl.Trim().Length > 0 &&
                    Uri.IsWellFormedUriString(model.LinkUrl, UriKind.RelativeOrAbsolute))
                {
                    item = string.Format("<a href='{0}'>{1}</a>", model.LinkUrl, img);
                }
                else
                {
                    item = img;
                }
                sb.AppendLine(item);
            }
            sb.AppendLine("</div>");
            sb.AppendLine("</div>");

            sb.AppendLine("<script type='text/javascript'>");
            //sb.AppendLine("$('#" + _id + "').parent().ready(function () {");
            sb.Append("$(document).ready(function(){");
            sb.AppendLine("$('#" + _id + "').nivoSlider(" + makeParameters() + ");");
            //sb.AppendLine("$('.nivo-controlNav a').empty();");//semi hack for rtl layout
            //sb.AppendLine("$('#" + _id + "').nivoSlider();");
            sb.AppendLine("});");
            sb.AppendLine("</script>");

            return new HtmlString(sb.ToString());
        }
    }

    public enum NivoSliderTheme
    {
        Default, Light, Dark, Bar,
    }

    public class NivoSliderItem
    {
        public string ImageFilePath { get; set; }
        public string Caption { get; set; }
        public string LinkUrl { get; set; }
    }

 public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }
        public virtual ActionResult NivoSlider()
        {
            var models = new List<NivoSliderItem>
            {
                new NivoSliderItem()
                    {
                        ImageFilePath =Url.Content("~/Images/img1.jpg"),
                        Caption = "عنوان اول",
                        LinkUrl = "http://www.google.com",
                    },
                new NivoSliderItem()
                    {
                        ImageFilePath =Url.Content("~/Images/img2.jpg"),
                        Caption = "#htmlcaption",
                        LinkUrl = "",
                    },
                new NivoSliderItem()
                    {
                        ImageFilePath =Url.Content("~/Images/img3.jpg"),
                        Caption = "عنوان سوم",
                        LinkUrl = "",
                    },
                new NivoSliderItem()
                    {
                        ImageFilePath =Url.Content("~/Images/img4.jpg"),
                        Caption = "عنوان چهارم",
                        LinkUrl = "",
                    },
                new NivoSliderItem()
                    {
                        ImageFilePath =Url.Content("~/Images/img5.jpg"),
                        Caption = "عنوان پنجم",
                        LinkUrl = "",
                    }
            };
            return PartialView("_NivoSlider", models);
        }
    }

public class DebuggerBrowsableTest
{
    [DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)] // عدم نمایش در زمان دیباگ در پنجره متغیرها
    public string FirstName { get; set; }

    [DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.Collapsed)] // مقدار پیش فرض
    public string LastName { get; set; }

    [DebuggerBrowsable( DebuggerBrowsableState.RootHidden )] // عدم نمایش در زمان دیباگ در پنجره متغیرها
    public string FullName => FirstName + " " + LastName;

    [DebuggerBrowsable( DebuggerBrowsableState.RootHidden )] // تنها در زمانی که یک آرایه یا لیست باشد نمایش داده می‌شود
    public string[] FullNameArray => new string[] { FirstName + " " + LastName };
}

Operator ??

عملگر ??  در صورتی که عملوند سمت چپ آن تهی (null) نباشد، مقدار آن را باز می‌گرداند و در غیر اینصورت مقدار عملوند سمت راست خود را باز می‌گرداند. نوع‌های تهی پذیر (nullable) می‌توانند دارای مقدار و یا به صورت تعریف نشده باشند. عملگر ?? وقتی که یک نوع تهی پذیر به یک نوع غیرتهی پذیر انتساب داده می‌شود، مقدار پیش فرض آن را باز می‌گرداند.

int? x = null;
int y = x ?? -1;
Console.WriteLine("y now equals -1 because x was null => {0}", y);
int i = DefaultValueOperatorTest.GetNullableInt() ?? default(int);
Console.WriteLine("i equals now 0 because GetNullableInt() returned null => {0}", i);
string s = DefaultValueOperatorTest.GetStringValue();
Console.WriteLine("Returns 'Unspecified' because s is null => {0}", s ?? "Unspecified");

public class UserModel   
{
   [Required, EmailAddress]
   public string Email { get; set; }
 
   [Required, StringLength(1000)]
   public string Name { get; set; }
}

public IActionResult SaveUser(UserModel model)
{
     if(!ModelState.IsValid)
     {

public IActionResult SaveUser(
     [Required, EmailAddress] string Email  
     [Required, StringLength(1000)] string Name)
{
    if(!ModelState.IsValid)

public IActionResult Get([BindRequired, FromRoute] Guid testId, [BindRequired, FromQuery] int qty)   
{
   if(!ModelState.IsValid)

namespace Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting
{
    public interface IHostedService
    {
        Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken);
        Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken);
    }
}

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace MvcTest
{
    public class SampleHostedService : IHostedService
    {
        private readonly ILogger<SampleHostedService> _logger;

        public SampleHostedService(ILogger<SampleHostedService> logger)
        {
            _logger = logger;
        }

        public async Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            _logger.LogInformation("Starting Hosted service");

            while (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
            {
                _logger.LogInformation("Hosted service executing - {0}", DateTime.Now);
                await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2), cancellationToken);
            }
        }

        public Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            _logger.LogInformation("Stopping Hosted service");
            return Task.CompletedTask;
        }
    }
}

namespace MvcTest
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddSingleton<IHostedService, SampleHostedService>();

services.AddHostedService<SampleHostedService>();

 public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)

Startup.cs(82,56): error CS0104: 'IHostingEnvironment' is an ambiguous reference between
'Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.IHostingEnvironment' and 'Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.IHostingEnvironment'

D:\MvcTest>dotnet run
info: MvcTest.SampleHostedService[0]
      Starting Hosted service
info: MvcTest.SampleHostedService[0]
      Hosted service executing - 02/19/2019 14:45:10
info: MvcTest.SampleHostedService[0]
      Hosted service executing - 02/19/2019 14:45:12
info: MvcTest.SampleHostedService[0]
      Hosted service executing - 02/19/2019 14:45:14
Ctrl+C
Application is shutting down...
Hosting environment: Development
Content root path: D:\MvcTest
Now listening on: https://localhost:5001
Now listening on: http://localhost:5000
Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.

namespace Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting
{
    public abstract class BackgroundService : IHostedService, IDisposable
    {
        protected BackgroundService();
        public virtual void Dispose();
        public virtual Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken);
        public virtual Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken);
        protected abstract Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken);
    }
}

namespace MvcTest
{
    public class PrinterHostedService : BackgroundService
    {
        private readonly ILogger<SampleHostedService> _logger;

        public PrinterHostedService(ILogger<SampleHostedService> logger)
        {
            _logger = logger;
        }

        protected override async Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken)
        {
            _logger.LogInformation("Starting Hosted service");

            while (!stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested)
            {
                _logger.LogInformation("Hosted service executing - {0}", DateTime.Now);
                await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2), stoppingToken);
            }
        }
    }
}

namespace MvcTest
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddHostedService<PrinterHostedService>();

D:\MvcTest>dotnet run
Hosting environment: Development
infoContent root path: D:\MvcTest
Now listening on: https://localhost:5001
Now listening on: http://localhost:5000
Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.
: MvcTest.SampleHostedService[0]
      Starting Hosted service
info: MvcTest.SampleHostedService[0]
      Hosted service executing - 02/19/2019 15:00:23
info: MvcTest.SampleHostedService[0]
      Hosted service executing - 02/19/2019 15:00:25
info: MvcTest.SampleHostedService[0]
      Hosted service executing - 02/19/2019 15:00:27
Application is shutting down...
^C

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;

public abstract class ScopedBackgroundService : BackgroundService
{
    private readonly IServiceScopeFactory _serviceScopeFactory;

    public ScopedBackgroundService(IServiceScopeFactory serviceScopeFactory)
    {
        _serviceScopeFactory = serviceScopeFactory;
    }

    protected override async Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken)
    {
        using (var scope = _serviceScopeFactory.CreateScope())
        {
            await ExecuteInScope(scope.ServiceProvider, stoppingToken);
        }
    }

    public abstract Task ExecuteInScope(IServiceProvider serviceProvider, CancellationToken stoppingToken);
}

 dotnet add package ncrontab

┌───────────── minute (0 - 59) 
│ ┌───────────── hour (0 - 23) 
│ │ ┌───────────── day of month (1 - 31) 
│ │ │ ┌───────────── month (1 - 12) 
│ │ │ │ ┌───────────── day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday to Saturday; 
│ │ │ │ │                                       7 is also Sunday on some systems) 
│ │ │ │ │ 
│ │ │ │ │ 
* * * * *

* * * * * *
- - - - - -
| | | | | |
| | | | | +--- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0)
| | | | +----- month (1 - 12)
| | | +------- day of month (1 - 31)
| | +--------- hour (0 - 23)
| +----------- min (0 - 59)
+------------- sec (0 - 59)

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using NCrontab;
using static NCrontab.CrontabSchedule;

public abstract class ScheduledScopedBackgroundService : ScopedBackgroundService
{
    private CrontabSchedule _schedule;
    private DateTime _nextRun;

    protected abstract string Schedule { get; }

    public ScheduledScopedBackgroundService(IServiceScopeFactory serviceScopeFactory)
     : base(serviceScopeFactory)
    {
        _schedule = CrontabSchedule.Parse(Schedule, new ParseOptions { IncludingSeconds = true });
        _nextRun = _schedule.GetNextOccurrence(DateTime.Now);
    }

    public override async Task ExecuteInScope(IServiceProvider serviceProvider, CancellationToken stoppingToken)
    {
        do
        {
            var now = DateTime.Now;
            if (now > _nextRun)
            {
                await ScheduledExecuteInScope(serviceProvider, stoppingToken);
                _nextRun = _schedule.GetNextOccurrence(DateTime.Now);
            }
            await Task.Delay(1000, stoppingToken); //1 second delay
        }
        while (!stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested);
    }

    public abstract Task ScheduledExecuteInScope(IServiceProvider serviceProvider, CancellationToken stoppingToken);
}

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

public class MyScheduledTask : ScheduledScopedBackgroundService
{
    private readonly ILogger<MyScheduledTask> _logger;

    public MyScheduledTask(
        IServiceScopeFactory serviceScopeFactory,
        ILogger<MyScheduledTask> logger) : base(serviceScopeFactory)
    {
        _logger = logger;
    }

    protected override string Schedule => "*/10 * * * * *"; //Runs every 10 seconds

    public override Task ScheduledExecuteInScope(IServiceProvider serviceProvider, CancellationToken stoppingToken)
    {
        _logger.LogInformation("MyScheduledTask executing - {0}", DateTime.Now);
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }
}

namespace MvcTest
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddHostedService<MyScheduledTask>();

D:\MvcTest>dotnet run
Hosting environment: Development
Content root path: D:\MvcTest
Now listening on: https://localhost:5001
Now listening on: http://localhost:5000
Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.
info: MyScheduledTask[0]
      MyScheduledTask executing - 02/19/2019 19:18:50
info: MyScheduledTask[0]
      MyScheduledTask executing - 02/19/2019 19:19:00
info: MyScheduledTask[0]
      MyScheduledTask executing - 02/19/2019 19:19:10
Application is shutting down...
^C