// Cv2.ImRead
using (var src = new Mat(@"..\..\Images\Penguin.Png", LoadMode.AnyDepth | LoadMode.AnyColor))
using (var dst = new Mat())
{
    Cv2.CvtColor(src, dst, ColorConversion.BgrToGray);
 
    // How to export
    using (var bitmap = dst.ToBitmap()) // => OpenCvSharp.Extensions.BitmapConverter.ToBitmap(dst)
    {
        bitmap.Save("gray.png", ImageFormat.Png);
    }
 
    using (new Window("BgrToGray C++: src", image: src))
    using (new Window("BgrToGray C++: dst", image: dst))
    {
        Cv2.WaitKey();
    }
}

cv::Mat src = cv::imread ("foo.jpg");
cv::Mat dst;
cv::cvtColor (src, dst, CV_BGR2GRAY);

using (var src = new IplImage(@"..\..\Images\Penguin.Png", LoadMode.AnyDepth | LoadMode.AnyColor))
using (var dst = new IplImage(src.Size, src.Depth, src.NChannels))
{
    for (var y = 0; y < src.Height; y++)
    {
        for (var x = 0; x < src.Width; x++)
        {
            CvColor pixel = src[y, x];
            dst[y, x] = new CvColor
            {
                B = (byte)(255 - pixel.B),
                G = (byte)(255 - pixel.G),
                R = (byte)(255 - pixel.R)
            };
        }
    }
 
    // [C] Accessing Pixel
    // https://github.com/shimat/opencvsharp/wiki/%5BC%5D-Accessing-Pixel
 
    using (new CvWindow("C Interface: Src", image: src))
    using (new CvWindow("C Interface: Dst", image: dst))
    {
        Cv.WaitKey(0);
    }
}

// Cv2.ImRead
using (var src = new Mat(@"..\..\Images\Penguin.Png", LoadMode.AnyDepth | LoadMode.AnyColor))
using (var dst = new Mat())
{
    src.CopyTo(dst);
 
    for (var y = 0; y < src.Height; y++)
    {
        for (var x = 0; x < src.Width; x++)
        {
            var pixel = src.Get<Vec3b>(y, x);
            var newPixel = new Vec3b
            {
                Item0 = (byte)(255 - pixel.Item0), // B
                Item1 = (byte)(255 - pixel.Item1), // G
                Item2 = (byte)(255 - pixel.Item2) // R
            };
            dst.Set(y, x, newPixel);
        }
    }
 
    // [Cpp] Accessing Pixel
    // https://github.com/shimat/opencvsharp/wiki/%5BCpp%5D-Accessing-Pixel
 
    //Cv2.NamedWindow();
    //Cv2.ImShow();
    using (new Window("C++ Interface: Src", image: src))
    using (new Window("C++ Interface: Dst", image: dst))
    {
        Cv2.WaitKey(0);
    }
}

 string data = null;
var result = data ?? "value";

if (data == null)
{
    data = "value";
}
var result = data;

class Response
{
    public string Result { set; get; }
    public int Code { set; get; }
}

 
class WebRequest
{
    public Response GetDataFromWeb(string url)
    {
        // ...
        return new Response { Result = null };
    }
}

 var webData = new WebRequest().GetDataFromWeb("https://www.dntips.ir/");
if (webData != null && webData.Result != null)
{
    Console.WriteLine(webData.Result);
}

 if (webData?.Result != null)
{
    Console.WriteLine(webData.Result);
}

 if (x != null)
{
   x.Dispose();
}

 x?.Dispose();

 var copy = OnMyEvent;
if (copy != null)
{
   copy(this, new EventArgs());
}

 OnMyEvent?.Invoke(this, new EventArgs());

 var code = webData?.Code;

 if (webData?.Code > 0)
{

}

 int count = response?.Results?.Count ?? 0;

 int? x = 10;
//var value = x?.Value; // invalid
Console.WriteLine(x?.ToString());

 if (response != null && response.Results != null && response.Results.Addresses != null
  && response.Results.Addresses[0] != null && response.Results.Addresses[0].Zip == "63368")
{

}

 if(response?.Results?.Addresses?[0]?.Zip == "63368")
{

}

 public void DoSomething(Customer customer)
{
    string address = customer?.Employees
                  ?.SingleOrDefault(x => x.IsAdmin)?.Address?.ToString();
    SendPackage(address);
}

 public void DoSomething(Customer customer)
{
   Contract.Requires(customer != null); 
   string address = customer.GetAdminAddress();
   SendPackage(address);
}

 InvalidCastExceptio

internal class Employee {
...
}    
public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        // بدون ذکر نام والد تبدیل صورت میگیرد
        Object o = new Employee();

      // برای تبدیل والد به یکی از مشتقات آن نیاز است
        // نوع آن به طور صریح ذکر گردد
         // در بعضی زبان‌های مثل ویژوال بیسیک نیازی به ذکر آن نیست
        Employee e = (Employee) o;
     }
  }

Object o = new Object();
  Boolean b1 = (o is Object);   // b1 is true.
  Boolean b2 = (o is Employee); // b2 is false.

if (o is Employee) 
{     
         Employee e = (Employee) o;
}

Employee e = o as Employee;
  if (e != null) {
     .....
  }

System.Text

public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        System.IO.FileStream fs = new System.IO.FileStream(...);
        System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
     }
  }

using System.IO;    // Try prepending "System.IO." 
 using System.Text;  // Try prepending "System.Text." 
  
public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        FileStream fs = new FileStream(...); 
       StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
     }
  }

using Microsoft; 
using Dotnettips ;
public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        Widget w = new Widget();// An ambiguous reference
     } 
 }

 'Widget' is an ambiguous reference between 'Microsoft.Widget' and 'Dotnettips.Widget

using Microsoft; 
using Dotnettips;
   
public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        Dotnettips.Widget w = new Dotnettips.Widget(); // Not ambiguous
     }
  }

using Microsoft; 
using Dotnettips;
using DotnettipsWidget = Dotnettips.Widget;   

public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        DotnettipsWidget w = new DotnettipsWidget (); // No error now
     }
  }

List<int> list = new List<int>();
list.Add(1);
list.Add(2);
list.Add(3);
foreach (int i in list) 
{
    Console.WriteLine(i);
}

List<int> list = new List<int>();
list.Add(1);
list.Add(2);
list.Add(3);
IEnumerator<int> listIterator = list.GetEnumerator();
while (listIterator.MoveNext())
{
    Console.WriteLine(listIterator.Current);
}
listIterator.Dispose();

    public class ArrayEnumerable<T> : IEnumerable<T>
    {
        private T[] _array;
        public ArrayEnumerable(T[] array)
        {
            _array = array;
        }


        public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
        {
            return new ArrayEnumerator<T>(_array);
        }

        System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
        {
            return GetEnumerator();
        }
    }

    public class ArrayEnumerator<T> : IEnumerator<T>
    {
        private T[] _array;
        public ArrayEnumerator(T[] array)
        {
            _array = array;
        }

        public int index = -1;

        public T Current { get { return _array[index]; } }

        object System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current { get { return this.Current; } }

        public bool MoveNext()
        {
            index++;
            return index < _array.Length;
        }

        public void Reset()
        {
            index = 0;
        }

        public void Dispose() { }
    }

public class BasicMath : IBinaryOperations<int>
{
   public int Add(int arg1, int arg2)
   { return arg1 + arg2; }
 
   public int Subtract(int arg1, int arg2)
   { return arg1 - arg2; }
 
   public int Multiply(int arg1, int arg2)
   { return arg1 * arg2; }
 
   public int Divide(int arg1, int arg2)
   { return arg1 / arg2; }
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
   Console.WriteLine("***** Generic Interfaces *****\n");
   BasicMath m = new BasicMath();
   Console.WriteLine("1 + 1 = {0}", m.Add(1, 1));
   Console.ReadLine();
}

public class BasicMath : IBinaryOperations<double>
{
   public double Add(double arg1, double arg2)
   { return arg1 + arg2; }
   ...
}

 public static void Initialize(Assembly assembly)
 {
     //register global convertors.
     AutoMapper.Mapper.CreateMap<DateTime, string>().ConvertUsing<DateTimeToPersianDateTimeConverter>();

     var typesToMap = from t in assembly.GetTypes()
         let attr = t.GetCustomAttribute<MapFromAttribute>()
         where attr != null
         select new {SourceType = attr.SourceType, Destination = t, Attribute = attr};

     foreach (var map in typesToMap)
     {
         AutoMapper.Mapper.CreateMap(map.SourceType, map.Destination)             
             .DoMapForMemberAttribute() // for different property names in source and destination
             .DoIgnoreMapAttribute()// ignore specified properties
             .DoUseValueResolverAttribute()// set value resolvers
             .DoIgnoreAllNonExisting()// its have to be the latest.
             ;
     } //endeach
     AutoMapper.Mapper.AssertConfigurationIsValid();
 }

public static IMappingExpression DoMapForMemberAttribute(this IMappingExpression expression)
{
    var ok =
        from p in expression.TypeMap.DestinationType.GetProperties()
        let attr = p.GetCustomAttribute<MapForMemberAttribute>()
        where attr != null
        select new {AttributeValue = attr, PropertyName = p.Name};

     foreach (var property in ok)
     {
         expression.ForMember(property.PropertyName, 
             opt => opt.MapFrom(property.AttributeValue.MemberToMap));
     }
    return expression;
}

public static IMappingExpression DoIgnoreAttribute(this IMappingExpression expression)
{
    foreach (var property in
        expression.TypeMap.DestinationType.GetProperties()
        .Where(x => x.GetCustomAttribute<IgnoreMapAttribute>() != null))
    {
        expression.ForMember(property.Name, opt => opt.Ignore());
    }
    return expression;
}

public static IMappingExpression DoUseValueResolverAttribute(this IMappingExpression expression)
{
    var ok =
        from p in expression.TypeMap.DestinationType.GetProperties()
        let attr = p.GetCustomAttribute<UseValueResolverAttribute>()
        where attr != null
        select new {AttributeValue = attr, PropertyName = p.Name};

    foreach (var property in ok)
    {
        expression.ForMember(property.PropertyName,
            opt => opt.ResolveUsing(property.AttributeValue.ValueResolver));
    }
    return expression;
}

public static IMappingExpression DoIgnoreAllNonExisting(this IMappingExpression expression)
{
    var attr = expression.TypeMap.DestinationType.GetCustomAttribute<MapFromAttribute>();
    
    if (attr?.IgnoreAllNonExistingProperty == false)//instead of if(attr == null || attr.IgnoreAllNonExistingProperty == false)
        return expression;
    
    foreach (var property in expression.TypeMap.GetUnmappedPropertyNames())
    {
        expression.ForMember(property, opt => opt.Ignore());
    }
    return expression;
}

public class Student
{
    public virtual int Id { set; get; }
    public virtual string Name { set; get; }
    public virtual string Family { set; get; }
    public virtual string Email { set; get; }
    public virtual DateTime RegisterDateTime { set; get; }
    public virtual ICollection<Book> Books { set; get; }
}
public class Book
{
    public virtual int Id { set; get; }
    public virtual string Name { set; get; }
    public virtual DateTime BorrowDateTime { set; get; }
    public virtual DateTime ExpiredDateTime { set; get; }
    public virtual decimal Price { set; get; }
    [ForeignKey("StudentIdFk")]
    public virtual Student Student { set; get; }
    public virtual int StudentIdFk { set; get; }
}

[MapFrom(typeof (Student), ignoreAllNonExistingProperty: true, alsoCopyMetadata: true)]
public class AdminStudentViewModel
{
    // [IgnoreMap]
    public int Id { set; get; }

    [MapForMember("Name")]
    public string FirstName { set; get; }

    [MapForMember("Family")]
    public string LastName { set; get; }
 



    [IgnoreMap] 
    public string Email { set; get; }

    [MapForMember("RegisterDateTime")]
    public string RegisterDateTimePersian { set; get; }

    [UseValueResolver(typeof (BookCountValueResolver))]
    public int BookCounts { set; get; }

    [UseValueResolver(typeof (BookPriceValueResolver))]
    public decimal TotalBookPrice { set; get; }
};

public class BookCountValueResolver : ValueResolver<Student, int>
{
    protected override int ResolveCore(Student source) => source.Books.Count;
};
public class BookPriceValueResolver : ValueResolver<Student, decimal>
{
    protected override decimal ResolveCore(Student source) => source.Books.Sum(b => b.Price);
};

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var assemblyToLoad = Assembly.GetAssembly(typeof (AdminStudentViewModel));//get assembly
    global::AttributesForAutomapper.Configuration.Initialize(assemblyToLoad);//init automaper
    IList<Student> lst;
    using (var context = new MySampleContext())
    {
        lst = context.Students.Include(x => x.Books).ToList();
    }
    foreach (var student in lst)
        {
            WriteLine( $"[{student.Id}]*\n{student.Name} {student.Family}.\nmailto:{student.Email}.\nRegistered at'{student.RegisterDateTime}'");
            foreach (var book in student.Books)
                WriteLine($"\tBook name:{book.Name}, Book price:{book.Price}");
        }
    
    var lstViewModel = AutoMapper.Mapper.Map<IList<Student>, IList<AdminStudentViewModel>>(lst);
    foreach (var adminStudentViewModel in lstViewModel)
    {
        WriteLine(
            $"[{adminStudentViewModel.Id}]*\n\t{adminStudentViewModel.FirstName} {adminStudentViewModel.LastName}.\n\t" +
            $"mailto:{adminStudentViewModel.Email}.\n\tRegistered at'{adminStudentViewModel.RegisterDateTimePersian}'\n\t" +
            $"Book Counts: {adminStudentViewModel.BookCounts} with total price of {adminStudentViewModel.TotalBookPrice}");
    }
    WriteLine("Press any key to exit...");
    ReadKey();
}

[1]*
Morteza Raeisi.
mailto:MrRaeisi@outlook.com.
Registered at'23/08/1392 19:11:43'    // I'm using Windows 10 with Persian calendar as default, On other OS or calendar settings, this value is different.
        Book name:AutoMapper Attr, Book price:1000.00
        Book name:Second Book, Book price:2500.00
        Book name:Hungry Book, Book price:2500.00
...
[1]*
Morteza Raeisi. //MapForMemebers
mailto:.  // IgnoreMap
Registered at'1392/08/23 19:11' // Convert using
Book Counts: 3 with total price of 6000.00  // Value resolvers
...

@page "/hotel-room/create"

@page "/hotel-room/create"
@page "/hotel-room/edit/{Id:int}"

@code
{
    // ...

    [Parameter] public int? Id { get; set; }

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        if (Id.HasValue)
        {
            // Update Mode
            Title = "Update";
            HotelRoomModel = await HotelRoomService.GetHotelRoomAsync(Id.Value);
        }
        else
        {
            // Create Mode
            HotelRoomModel = new HotelRoomDTO();
        }
    }

    // ...
}

<EditForm Model="HotelRoomModel" OnValidSubmit="HandleHotelRoomUpsert">

<tr>
    <td>@room.Name</td>
    <td>@room.Occupancy</td>
    <td>@room.RegularRate.ToString("c")</td>
    <td>@room.SqFt</td>
    <td>
        <NavLink href="@($"hotel-room/edit/{room.Id}")" class="btn btn-primary">Edit</NavLink>
    </td>
</tr>

namespace BlazorServer.Services
{
    public interface IHotelRoomService
    {
        Task<bool> IsRoomUniqueAsync(string name, int roomId);

        // ...
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.Services
{
    public class HotelRoomService : IHotelRoomService
    {
        // ...
 
        public Task<bool> IsRoomUniqueAsync(string name, int roomId)
        {
            if (roomId == 0)
            {
                // Create Mode
                return _dbContext.HotelRooms
                                .ProjectTo<HotelRoomDTO>(_mapperConfiguration)
                                .AnyAsync(x => x.Name != name);
            }
            else
            {
                // Edit Mode
                return _dbContext.HotelRooms
                                .ProjectTo<HotelRoomDTO>(_mapperConfiguration)
                                .AnyAsync(x => x.Name != name && x.Id != roomId);
            }
        }
    }
}

// ...
@inject IJSRuntime JsRuntime


@code
{
   // ...

    private async Task HandleHotelRoomUpsert()
    {
        var isRoomUnique = await HotelRoomService.IsRoomUniqueAsync(HotelRoomModel.Name, HotelRoomModel.Id);
        if (!isRoomUnique)
        {
            await JsRuntime.ToastrError($"The room name: `{HotelRoomModel.Name}` already exists.");
            return;
        }

        if (HotelRoomModel.Id != 0 && Title == "Update")
        {
            // Update Mode
            var updateResult = await HotelRoomService.UpdateHotelRoomAsync(HotelRoomModel.Id, HotelRoomModel);
            await JsRuntime.ToastrSuccess($"The `{HotelRoomModel.Name}` updated successfully.");
        }
        else
        {
            // Create Mode
            var createResult = await HotelRoomService.CreateHotelRoomAsync(HotelRoomModel);
            await JsRuntime.ToastrSuccess($"The `{HotelRoomModel.Name}` created successfully.");
        }

        NavigationManager.NavigateTo("hotel-room");
    }
}