<div class="wizard">
            <a [routerLink]="['info']" routerLinkActive="active">
                Basic Information
            </a>
            <a [routerLink]="['tags']" routerLinkActive="active">
                Search Tags
            </a>
</div>

    <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
      <li routerLinkActive="active">
        <a [routerLink]="['/home']">Home</a>
      </li>
      <li routerLinkActive="active">
        <a [routerLink]="['/products']">Product List</a>
      </li>
      <li routerLinkActive="active">
        <a [routerLink]="['/products', 0, 'edit']">Add Product</a>
       </li>      
    </ul>

      <li routerLinkActive="active" [routerLinkActiveOptions]="{ exact: true }">
        <a [routerLink]="['/products']">Product List</a>
      </li>

        <div class="wizard">
            <a [routerLink]="['info']" routerLinkActive="active">
                Basic Information
                <span [ngClass]="{'glyphicon glyphicon-exclamation-sign': !isValid('info')}"></span>
            </a>
            <a [routerLink]="['tags']" routerLinkActive="active">
                Search Tags
                <span [ngClass]="{'glyphicon glyphicon-exclamation-sign': !isValid('tags')}"></span>
            </a>
        </div>

@NgModule({
  imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes/*, { useHash: true }*/, { enableTracing: true })],

this.router.events.subscribe((routerEvent: Event) => {
    if (routerEvent instanceof NavigationStart) {
      //...
    }
});

import { Router, Event, NavigationStart, NavigationEnd, NavigationError, NavigationCancel } from '@angular/router';

import { AuthService } from './user/auth.service';
import { Component } from '@angular/core';


@Component({
  selector: 'app-root',
  templateUrl: './app.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent {
  pageTitle: string = 'Routing Lab';

  loading: boolean = true;

  constructor(private authService: AuthService,
    private router: Router) {
    router.events.subscribe((routerEvent: Event) => {
      this.checkRouterEvent(routerEvent);
    });
  }

  checkRouterEvent(routerEvent: Event): void {
    if (routerEvent instanceof NavigationStart) {
      this.loading = true;
    }

    if (routerEvent instanceof NavigationEnd ||
      routerEvent instanceof NavigationCancel ||
      routerEvent instanceof NavigationError) {
      this.loading = false;
    }
  }

  logOut(): void {
    this.authService.logout();
    this.router.navigateByUrl('/welcome');
  }
}

<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-refresh glyphicon-spin spinner" *ngIf="loading"></span>

/* Spinner */
.spinner {
  font-size:300%;
  position:absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  z-index:10
}

.glyphicon-spin {
    -webkit-animation: spin 1000ms infinite linear;
    animation: spin 1000ms infinite linear;
}
@-webkit-keyframes spin {
    0% {
        -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);
        transform: rotate(0deg);
    }
    100% {
        -webkit-transform: rotate(359deg);
        transform: rotate(359deg);
    }
}
@keyframes spin {
    0% {
        -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);
        transform: rotate(0deg);
    }
    100% {
        -webkit-transform: rotate(359deg);
        transform: rotate(359deg);
    }
}

namespace DbConfig.Web.DomainClasses
{
    public class ConfigurationValue
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Key { get; set; }
        public string Value { get; set; }
    }
}

    public class MyAppContext : DbContext, IUnitOfWork
    {
        public MyAppContext(DbContextOptions options) : base(options)
        { }

        public virtual DbSet<ConfigurationValue> Configurations { set; get; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
        {
            // it should be placed here, otherwise it will rewrite the following settings!
            base.OnModelCreating(builder);

            // Custom application mappings
            builder.Entity<ConfigurationValue>(entity =>
            {
                entity.Property(e => e.Key).HasMaxLength(450).IsRequired();
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.Key).IsUnique();
                entity.Property(e => e.Value).IsRequired();
                entity.HasData(new ConfigurationValue
                {
                    Id = 1,
                    Key = "key-1",
                    Value = "value_from_ef_1"
                });
                entity.HasData(new ConfigurationValue
                {
                    Id = 2,
                    Key = "key-2",
                    Value = "value_from_ef_2"
                });
            });
        }

    public class EFConfigurationSource : IConfigurationSource
    {
        private readonly IServiceProvider _serviceProvider;

        public EFConfigurationSource(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
        {
            _serviceProvider = serviceProvider;
        }

        public IConfigurationProvider Build(IConfigurationBuilder builder)
        {
            return new EFConfigurationProvider(_serviceProvider);
        }
    }

    public class EFConfigurationProvider : ConfigurationProvider
    {
        private readonly IServiceProvider _serviceProvider;

        public EFConfigurationProvider(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
        {
            _serviceProvider = serviceProvider;
            ensureDatabaseIsCreated();
        }

        public override void Load()
        {
            using (var scope = _serviceProvider.CreateScope())
            {
                var uow = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<IUnitOfWork>();
                this.Data?.Clear();
                this.Data = uow.Set<ConfigurationValue>()
                               .AsNoTracking()
                               .ToList()
                               .ToDictionary(c => c.Key, c => c.Value);
            }
        }

        private void ensureDatabaseIsCreated()
        {
            using (var scope = _serviceProvider.CreateScope())
            {
                var uow = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<IUnitOfWork>();
                uow.Migrate();
            }
        }
    }

    public static class EFExtensions
    {
        public static IConfigurationBuilder AddEFConfig(this IConfigurationBuilder builder,
            IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
        {
            return builder.Add(new EFConfigurationSource(serviceProvider));
        }
    }

namespace DbConfig.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddScoped<IUnitOfWork, MyAppContext>();
            services.AddScoped<IConfigurationValuesService, ConfigurationValuesService>();

            var connectionString = Configuration.GetConnectionString("SqlServerConnection")
                     .Replace("|DataDirectory|", Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "wwwroot", "app_data"));
            services.AddDbContext<MyAppContext>(options =>
                    {
                        options.UseSqlServer(
                            connectionString,
                            dbOptions =>
                                {
                                    var minutes = (int)TimeSpan.FromMinutes(3).TotalSeconds;
                                    dbOptions.CommandTimeout(minutes);
                                    dbOptions.EnableRetryOnFailure();
                                });
                    });

            var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
            var configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                                       .AddConfiguration(Configuration) // Adds all of the existing configurations
                                       .AddEFConfig(serviceProvider)
                                       .Build();
            services.AddSingleton<IConfigurationRoot>(sp => configuration); // Replace
            services.AddSingleton<IConfiguration>(sp => configuration); // Replace

namespace DbConfig.Web.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;

        public HomeController(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            _configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            return Json(
                new
                {
                    key1 = _configuration["key-1"],
                    key2 = _configuration["key-2"]
                });
        }

    public class ConfigurationValuesService : IConfigurationValuesService
    {
        private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;

        public ConfigurationValuesService(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            _configuration = configuration;
        }

        private void reloadEFConfigurationProvider()
        {
            ((IConfigurationRoot)_configuration).Reload();
        }

 Create Table <name> (…) ON …

 Where [OrderDate] Between …

USE [PartitionDB]
GO
CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION pfOrderDateRange(DATETIME)
AS
RANGE LEFT FOR VALUES ('2010/12/31','2011/12/31','2012/12/31')
GO
CREATE PARTITION SCHEME psOrderDateRange
AS
PARTITION pfOrderDateRange TO (FG1,FG2,FG3,[PRIMARY])
GO

CREATE TABLE Orders
(
OrderID INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
OrderDate DATETIME NOT NULL,
OrderFreight MONEY NULL,
ProductID INT NULL,
CONSTRAINT PK_Orders PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (OrderID ASC, OrderDate ASC)
ON psOrderDateRange (OrderDate)
) ON psOrderDateRange (OrderDate)
GO

SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @OrderDate DATETIME
DECLARE @X INT
SET @OrderDate = '2010/01/01'
SET @X = 0
WHILE @X < 300
BEGIN
INSERT dbo.Orders ( OrderDate, OrderFreight, ProductID)
VALUES( @OrderDate + @X, @X + 10, @X)
 SET @X = @X + 1
END
GO
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @OrderDate DATETIME
DECLARE @X INT
SET @OrderDate = '2011/01/01'
SET @X = 0
WHILE @X < 300
BEGIN
INSERT dbo.Orders ( OrderDate, OrderFreight, ProductID)
VALUES( @OrderDate + @X, @X + 10, @X)
 SET @X = @X + 1
END
GO
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @OrderDate DATETIME
DECLARE @X INT
SET @OrderDate = '2012/01/01'
SET @X = 0
WHILE @X < 300
BEGIN
INSERT dbo.Orders ( OrderDate, OrderFreight, ProductID)
VALUES( @OrderDate + @X, @X + 10, @X)
 SET @X = @X + 1
END
GO

USE [PartitionDB]
GO
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(i.object_id) AS OBJECT_NAME,
p.partition_number, fg.NAME AS FILEGROUP_NAME, ROWS, au.total_pages,
CASE boundary_value_on_right
WHEN 1 THEN 'Less than'
ELSE 'Less or equal than' END AS 'Comparition',VALUE
FROM sys.partitions p JOIN sys.indexes i
ON p.object_id = i.object_id AND p.index_id = i.index_id
JOIN sys.partition_schemes ps ON ps.data_space_id = i.data_space_id
JOIN sys.partition_functions f ON f.function_id = ps.function_id
LEFT JOIN sys.partition_range_values rv
ON f.function_id = rv.function_id
AND p.partition_number = rv.boundary_id
JOIN sys.destination_data_spaces dds
ON dds.partition_scheme_id = ps.data_space_id
AND dds.destination_id = p.partition_number
JOIN sys.filegroups fg
ON dds.data_space_id = fg.data_space_id
JOIN (SELECT container_id, SUM(total_pages) AS total_pages
FROM sys.allocation_units
GROUP BY container_id) AS au
ON au.container_id = p.partition_id WHERE i.index_id < 2

/* Query 2-3- Split a partition*/
-- Add FG4:
ALTER DATABASE PartitionDB ADD FILEGROUP FG4
Go
ALTER PARTITION SCHEME [psOrderDateRange] NEXT USED FG4
GO
ALTER PARTITION FUNCTION [pfOrderDateRange]() SPLIT RANGE('2013/12/31')
GO
-- Add Partition 4 (P4) to FG4:
GO
ALTER DATABASE PartitionDB ADD FILE
(
NAME = P4,
FILENAME = N'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10_50.SQLEXPRESS\MSSQL\DATA\P4.NDF'
, SIZE = 1024KB , MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED, FILEGROWTH = 10%)
 TO FILEGROUP [FG4]
--
GO

SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @OrderDate DATETIME
DECLARE @X INT
SET @OrderDate = '2013/01/01'
SET @X = 0
WHILE @X < 300
BEGIN
INSERT dbo.Orders ( OrderDate, OrderFreight, ProductID)
VALUES( @OrderDate + @X, @X + 10, @X)
 SET @X = @X + 1
END
GO
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @OrderDate DATETIME
DECLARE @X INT
SET @OrderDate = '2012/01/01'
SET @X = 0
WHILE @X < 300
BEGIN
INSERT dbo.Orders ( OrderDate, OrderFreight, ProductID)
VALUES( @OrderDate + @X, @X + 10, @X)
 SET @X = @X + 1
END
GO

/* Query 2-4- Merge Partitions */
ALTER PARTITION FUNCTION [pfOrderDateRange]() MERGE RANGE('2010/12/31')
Go

/* Query 2-5- Switch Partitions */
USE [PartitionDB]
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Orders_Temp](
[OrderID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[OrderDate] [datetime] NOT NULL,
[OrderFreight] [money] NULL,
[ProductID] [int] NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_OrdersTemp] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([OrderID] ASC,[OrderDate] ASC)ON FG2
) ON FG2
GO
USE [tempdb]
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Orders_Hist](
[OrderID] [int] NOT NULL,
[OrderDate] [datetime] NOT NULL,
[OrderFreight] [money] NULL,
[ProductID] [int] NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_OrdersTemp] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([OrderID] ASC,[OrderDate] ASC)
)
GO
USE [PartitionDB]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Orders] SWITCH PARTITION 1 TO [dbo].[Orders_Temp]
GO
INSERT INTO [tempdb].[dbo].[Orders_Hist]
SELECT * FROM  [dbo].[Orders_Temp]
GO
DROP TABLE [dbo].[Orders_Temp]
GO
SELECT * FROM [tempdb].[dbo].[Orders_Hist]

    public class AppMutation : ObjectGraphType
    {
        public AppMutation(IOwnerRepository repository)
        {
            ...
            // Update
            Field<OwnerType>(
                "updateOwner",
                arguments: new QueryArguments(
                    new QueryArgument<NonNullGraphType<OwnerInputType>> { Name = "owner" },
                    new QueryArgument<NonNullGraphType<IdGraphType>> { Name = "ownerId" }),
                resolve: context =>
                {
                    var owner = context.GetArgument<Owner>("owner");
                    var ownerId = context.GetArgument<Guid>("ownerId");

                    var dbOwner = repository.GetById(ownerId);
                    if (dbOwner == null)
                    {
                        context.Errors.Add(new ExecutionError("Couldn't find owner in db."));
                        return null;
                    }

                    return repository.UpdateOwner(dbOwner, owner);
                }
            );

        }
    }

{
  "owner":{
    "name":"Andy Madaidan",
    "address":"Address - User 1"
  },
  "ownerId": "53270061-3ba1-4aa6-b937-1f6bc57d04d2"
}

public class Magazine
{
  public int MagazineId { get; set; }
  public string Name { get; set; }
  public string Publisher { get; set; }

  public List<Article> Articles { get; set; }
}

public class Article
{
  public int ArticleId { get; set; }
  public string Title { get; set; }
  public DateTime PublishDate { get;  set; }

  public int MagazineId { get; set; }

  public Author Author { get; set; }
  public int? AuthorId { get; set; }
}

public class Author
{
  public int AuthorId { get; set; }
  public string Name { get; set; }

  public List<Article> Articles { get; set; }
}

protected override void OnModelCreating (ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
   modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().HasData(new Magazine { MagazineId = 1, Name = "DNT Magazine" });
}

migrationBuilder.InsertData(
  table: "Magazines",
  columns: new[] { "MagazineId", "Name", "Publisher" },
  values: new object[] { 1, "DNT Magazine", null });

set IDENTITY_INSERT ON
INSERT INTO "Magazines" ("MagazineId", "Name", "Publisher") VALUES (1, 'DNT Magazine', NULL);

modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>()
           .HasData(new Magazine{ MagazineId=2, Name="This Mag" },
                    new Magazine{ MagazineId=3, Name="That Mag" }
           );

modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().Property(m=>m.Publisher).IsRequired();

 "The seed entity for entity type 'Magazine' cannot be added because there was no value provided for the required property 'Publisher'."

public Magazine(string name, string publisher)
{
  Name=name;
  Publisher=publisher;
}

modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().HasData(new Magazine("DNT Magazine", "1105 Media"));

modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().HasData(new {MagazineId=1, Name="DNT Mag", Publisher="1105 Media"});

migrationBuilder.InsertData(
                table: "Magazines",
                columns: new[] { "MagazineId", "Name", "Publisher" },
                values: new object[] { 1, "DNT Mag", "1105 Media" });

public class Magazine
{
  public Magazine(string name, string publisher)
  {
    Name=name;
    Publisher=publisher;
    MagazineId=Guid.NewGuid();
  }

  public Guid MagazineId { get; private set; }
  public string Name { get; private set; }
  public string Publisher { get; private set; }
  public List<Article> Articles { get; set; }
}

modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().HasData(new Magazine("DNT Mag", "1105 Media");

var mag1=new {MagazineId= new Guid("0483b59c-f7f8-4b21-b1df-5149fb57984e"),  Name="DNT Mag", Publisher="1105 Media"};
modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().HasData(mag1);

modelBuilder.Entity<Article>().HasData(new Article { ArticleId = 1, MagazineId = 1, Title = "EF Core 2.1 Query Types"});

var mag1=new {MagazineId= new Guid("0483b59c-f7f8-4b21-b1df-5149fb57984e"),  Name="DNT Mag", Publisher="1105 Media"};
modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().HasData(mag1);

public class Publisher
{
  public string Name { get; set; }
  public int YearFounded { get; set; }
}

public class Magazine
{ 
  public int MagazineId { get;  set; }
  public string Name { get;  set; }
  public Publisher Publisher { get;  set; }
  public List<Article> Articles { get; set; }
}

modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().HasData (new Magazine { MagazineId = 1, Name = "DNT Magazine" });
modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().OwnsOne (m => m.Publisher)
   .HasData (new { Name = "1105 Media", YearFounded = 2006, MagazineId=1 });

migrationBuilder.InsertData(
  table: "Magazines",
  columns: new[] { "MagazineId", "Name", "Publisher_Name", "Publisher_YearFounded" },
  values: new object[] { 1, "DNT Magazine", "1105 Media", 2006 });

namespace EFCoreMultipleDb.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            applyPendingMigrations(app);
// ...
        }

        private static void applyPendingMigrations(IApplicationBuilder app)
        {
            var scopeFactory = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredService<IServiceScopeFactory>();
            using (var scope = scopeFactory.CreateScope())
            {
                var uow = scope.ServiceProvider.GetService<IUnitOfWork>();
                uow.Migrate();
            }
        }
    }
}

namespace EFCoreMultipleDb.DataLayer.SQLite.Context
{
    public class SQLiteDbContext : DbContext, IUnitOfWork
    {
    // ... 

        public void Migrate()
        {
            this.Database.Migrate();
        }
    }
}

public static void Main(string[] args)
{
   var host = BuildWebHost(args);
   using (var scope = host.Services.CreateScope())
   {
       var context = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<yourDBContext>();
       context.Database.Migrate();
   }
   host.Run();
}

    var ms = new MemoryStream();
    using (var writer = XmlWriter.Create(ms))
    {
        EdmxWriter.WriteEdmx(new Context(), writer);
    }

    var xDoc = XDocument.Load(ms);

    var ssdl = xDoc.Descendants("{http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2009/02/edm/ssdl}Schema").Single();
    var csdl = xDoc.Descendants("{http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2008/09/edm}Schema").Single();
    var msl = xDoc.Descendants("{http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2008/09/mapping/cs}Mapping").Single();

 EdmGen.exe /mode:ViewGeneration /incsdl:Context.csdl  /inmsl:Context.msl /inssdl:Context.ssdl /outviews:Context.Views.cs

using System;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Design;
using System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure;
using System.Data.Mapping;
using System.Data.Metadata.Edm;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace EfUtils
{
    public static class PreGeneratedViewsWriter
    {
        public static void CreatePreGeneratedViewsFile(
                this DbContext contextInstance,
                LanguageOption language = LanguageOption.GenerateCSharpCode,
                string viewsFile = "Context.Views.cs",
                string edmxFile = "context.edmx",
                string ssdlFile = "context.ssdl.xml",
                string csdlFile = "context.csdl.xml",
                string mslFile = "context.msl.xml")
        {
            using (var contextViewsMemoryStream = new MemoryStream())
            {
                using (var edmxMemoryStream = new MemoryStream())
                {
                    var edmx = createEdmx(contextInstance, edmxFile, edmxMemoryStream);
                    var mappingItemCollection = createMappingItemCollection(ssdlFile, csdlFile, mslFile, edmx);
                    generateViews(language, viewsFile, contextViewsMemoryStream, mappingItemCollection);
                }
            }
        }

        private static void generateViews(LanguageOption language, string viewsFile, MemoryStream contextViewsMemoryStream, StorageMappingItemCollection mappingItemCollection)
        {
            var viewGenerator = new EntityViewGenerator // It's defined in System.Data.Entity.Design.dll
            {
                LanguageOption = language
            };
            using (var streamWriter = new StreamWriter(contextViewsMemoryStream))
            {
                var errors = viewGenerator.GenerateViews(mappingItemCollection, streamWriter).ToList();

                if (errors.Any())
                    throw new InvalidOperationException(errors.First().Message);

                contextViewsMemoryStream.Position = 0;
                using (var reader = new StreamReader(contextViewsMemoryStream))
                {
                    var codeData = reader.ReadToEnd();
                    File.WriteAllText(viewsFile, codeData);
                }
            }
        }

        private static StorageMappingItemCollection createMappingItemCollection(string ssdlFile, string csdlFile, string mslFile, XDocument edmx)
        {
            var ssdl = edmx.Descendants("{http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2009/02/edm/ssdl}Schema").Single();
            ssdl.Save(ssdlFile);
            var storeItemCollection = new StoreItemCollection(new[] { ssdl.CreateReader() });

            var csdl = edmx.Descendants("{http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2008/09/edm}Schema").Single();
            csdl.Save(csdlFile);
            var edmItemCollection = new EdmItemCollection(new[] { csdl.CreateReader() });

            var msl = edmx.Descendants("{http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2008/09/mapping/cs}Mapping").Single();
            msl.Save(mslFile);

            var mappingItemCollection = new StorageMappingItemCollection(edmItemCollection, storeItemCollection, new[] { msl.CreateReader() });
            return mappingItemCollection;
        }

        private static XDocument createEdmx(DbContext contextInstance, string edmxFile, MemoryStream edmxMemoryStream)
        {
            var settings = new XmlWriterSettings { Indent = true };
            using (var writer = XmlWriter.Create(edmxMemoryStream, settings))
            {
                EdmxWriter.WriteEdmx(contextInstance, writer);
            }
            File.WriteAllBytes(edmxFile, edmxMemoryStream.ToArray());

            edmxMemoryStream.Position = 0;
            var edmx = XDocument.Load(edmxMemoryStream);
            return edmx;
        }
    }
}

 Database.SetInitializer<MyContext>(null);

var store = GetStore();
string postCode = null;
if (store != null && store.Address != null && store.Address.PostCode != null)
     postCode = store.Address.PostCode.ToString();

• این متد فقط با انواع ارجاعی (reference types)  کار می‌کند و می‌بایست برای کار با انواع مقداری (value types) اصلاح شود.
  
• با انواع داده ای مثل string چه باید کرد؟ در مورد این نوع داده‌ها تنها مطمئن شدن از null نبودن کافی نیست. برای مثال در مورد string ، گاهی اوقات ما می‌خواهیم از خالی نبودن آن نیز مطمئن شویم. و یا در مورد collection‌ها تنها null نبودن کافی نیست بلکه زمانی که نیاز به محاسبه مجموع و یا یافتن بزرگترین عضو است، باید از خالی نبودن مجموعه و وجود حداقل یک عضو در آن مطمئن باشیم.
  

<html>
   <head>
       <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script>
   </head>
   <body>
   </body>
</html>

var checkedValue;
var elements = document.getElementByTagName ('input');
for (var n = 0; n < elements.length; n++) {
       if (elements[n].type == 'radio' && elements[n].name == 'myRadioGroup' && elements[n].checked) {
               checkedValue = elements[n].value;
       }
}

var checkedValue = $ ('[name="myRadioGroup"]:checked').val();

<button type="button" onclick="document.getElementById('xyz').style.color='red';">
        Click Me
</button>

مجموعه عناصر در جی کوئری:

زمانی که CSS به عنوان یک تکنولوژی به منظور جداسازی طراحی از ساختار به دنیای صفحه‌های اینترنتی معرفی شد، می‌بایست راهی برای اشاره به اجزای صفحات از طرف فایل CSS نیز معرفی می‌شد. این امر از طریق انتخاب‌کننده‌ها (Selector) صورت پذیرفت.

برای مثال انتخاب‌کننده زیر، به تمام عناصر <a> اشاره دارد که در یک عنصر <p> قرار گرفته‌اند:

p a

$(Selector)
یا
jQuery(Selector)

$("p a")

$("div.notLongForThisWorld").fadeOut();

$("div.notLongForThisWorld").fadeOut().addClass("removed");

$('p:even')

$("tr:nth-child(1)");

$("body > div");

$("a[href$=pdf]");

$("body > div:has(a)")

ادامه مطالب در پست‌های بعدی تشریح خواهد شد.