// does not work: services.AddScoped<IGenericRepository<T>,EFRepository<T>>();

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddScoped<IStore<User>, SqlStore<User>>();
    services.AddScoped<IStore<Invoice>, SqlStore<Invoice>>();
    services.AddScoped<IStore<Payment>, SqlStore<Payment>>();
    // ...
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddScoped(typeof(IStore<>), typeof(SqlStore<>));
}

services.Scan(scan => scan 
  .FromAssemblyOf<CombinedService>()  
    .AddClasses(x=> x.AssignableTo(typeof(IOpenGeneric<>))) // Can close generic types 
    .AsMatchingInterface())

services.AddTransient<IOrderHandler, OrderHandlerLazy>();
services.AddTransient<IAccounting, Accounting>()
            .AddTransient(serviceProvider => new Lazy<IAccounting>(() => serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IAccounting>()));
services.AddTransient<ISales, Sales>()
           .AddTransient(serviceProvider => new Lazy<ISales>(() => serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<ISales>()));

services.AddTransient(typeof(Lazy<>), typeof(LazyFactory<>));

public class LazyFactory<T> : Lazy<T> where T : class
{
    public LazyFactory(IServiceProvider provider)
        : base(() => provider.GetRequiredService<T>())
    {
    }
}

public async Task<long> GetDirectorySize(string path, string searchPattern)
{
    if (!Directory.EnumerateFileSystemEntries(path, searchPattern).Any())
        return 0;
    else
        return await Task.Run<long>(() => Directory.GetFiles(path, searchPattern,
        SearchOption.AllDirectories).Sum(t => (new FileInfo(t).Length)));
}

 AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<long>.Create()

public async ValueTask<long> GetDirectorySize(string path, string searchPattern)
{
    if (!Directory.EnumerateFileSystemEntries(path, searchPattern).Any())
        return 0;
    else
        return await Task.Run<long>(() => Directory.GetFiles(path, searchPattern,
        SearchOption.AllDirectories).Sum(t => (new FileInfo(t).Length)));
}

 PM> install-package System.Threading.Tasks.Extensions

protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
    => optionsBuilder
        .UseLazyLoadingProxies()
        .UseSqlServer(myConnectionString);

    .AddDbContext<BloggingContext>(
        b => b.UseLazyLoadingProxies()
              .UseSqlServer(myConnectionString));

public class Blog
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<Post> Posts { get; set; }
}
public class Post
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public string Content { get; set; }
    public virtual Blog Blog { get; set; }
}

public class Blog
{
    private ICollection<Post> _posts;
public Blog()
    {
    }
private Blog(ILazyLoader lazyLoader)
    {
        LazyLoader = lazyLoader;
    }
private ILazyLoader LazyLoader { get; set; }
public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
public ICollection<Post> Posts
    {
        get => LazyLoader?.Load(this, ref _posts);
        set => _posts = value;
    }
}
public class Post
{
    private Blog _blog;
public Post()
    {
    }
private Post(ILazyLoader lazyLoader)
    {
        LazyLoader = lazyLoader;
    }
private ILazyLoader LazyLoader { get; set; }
public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public string Content { get; set; }
public Blog Blog
    {
        get => LazyLoader?.Load(this, ref _blog);
        set => _blog = value;
    }
}

public class Article1
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public string? Subtitle { get; set; }
    public string Author { get; set; }
    public DateTime Published { get; set; }
}

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
  </PropertyGroup>
</Project>

Non-nullable property 'Title' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider declaring the property as nullable. [CS11Tests]csharp(CS8618)
Non-nullable property 'Author' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider declaring the property as nullable. [CS11Tests]csharp(CS8618)

public class Article2
{
    public Article2(string title, string subtitle, string author, DateTime published)
    {
        Title = title;
        Subtitle = subtitle;
        Author = author;
        Published = published;
    }

    public Article2(string title, string author, DateTime published)
    {
        Title = title;
        Author = author;
        Published = published;
    }

    public string Title { get; set; }
    public string? Subtitle { get; set; }
    public string Author { get; set; }
    public DateTime Published { get; set; }
}

 Article2 article = new("C# 11 Required Keyword", "A new language feature", "Name",  new DateTime(2022, 11, 12));

 public string Title { get; set; } = default!;

public class Article3
{
    public required string Title { get; set; }
    public string? Subtitle { get; set; }
    public required string Author { get; set; }
    public DateTime Published { get; set; }
}

public class Book
{
    public Book() => Name = string.Empty;

    public Book(string name) => Name = name;

    public required string Name { get; set; }
}

Book book = new("Book's Name");

Required member 'Book.Name' must be set in the object initializer or attribute constructor. [CS11Tests]csharp(CS9035)

public class Book
{
    [SetsRequiredMembers]
    public Book() => Name = string.Empty;

    [SetsRequiredMembers]
    public Book(string name) => Name = name;

    public required string Name { get; set; }
}

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using System.Web.Caching;

namespace Parsnet.Core
{
    public class StopSpamAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
    {
        // حداقل زمان مجاز بین درخواست‌ها برحسب ثانیه
        public int DelayRequest = 10;

        // پیام خطایی که در صورت رسیدن درخواست غیرمجاز باید صادر کنیم
        public string ErrorMessage = "درخواست‌های شما در مدت زمان معقولی صورت نگرفته است.";

        //خصوصیتی برای تعیین اینکه آدرس درخواست هم به شناسه یکتا افزوده شود یا خیر
        public bool AddAddress = true;


        public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            // درسترسی به شئی درخواست
            var request = filterContext.HttpContext.Request;

            // دسترسی به شیئ کش
            var cache = filterContext.HttpContext.Cache;

            // کاربر IP بدست آوردن
            var IP = request.ServerVariables["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"] ?? request.UserHostAddress;

            // مشخصات مرورگر
            var browser = request.UserAgent;

            // در اینجا آدرس درخواست جاری را تعیین می‌کنیم
            var targetInfo = (this.AddAddress) ? (request.RawUrl + request.QueryString) : "";

            // شناسه یکتای درخواست
            var Uniquely = String.Concat(IP, browser, targetInfo);


            //در اینجا با کمک هش یک امضا از شناسه‌ی درخواست ایجاد می‌کنیم
            var hashValue = string.Join("", MD5.Create().ComputeHash(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Uniquely)).Select(s => s.ToString("x2")));

            // ابتدا چک می‌کنیم که آیا شناسه‌ی یکتای درخواست در کش موجود نباشد
            if (cache[hashValue] != null)
            {
                // یک خطا اضافه می‌کنیم ModelState اگر موجود بود یعنی کمتر از زمان موردنظر درخواست مجددی صورت گرفته و به
                filterContext.Controller.ViewData.ModelState.AddModelError("ExcessiveRequests", ErrorMessage);
            }
            else
            {
                // اگر موجود نبود یعنی درخواست با زمانی بیشتر از مقداری که تعیین کرده‌ایم انجام شده
                // پس شناسه درخواست جدید را با پارامتر زمانی که تعیین کرده بودیم به شیئ کش اضافه می‌کنیم
                cache.Add(hashValue, true, null, DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(DelayRequest), Cache.NoSlidingExpiration, CacheItemPriority.Default, null);
            }

            base.OnActionExecuting(filterContext);
        }
    }
}

[HttpPost]
        [StopSpam(DelayRequest = 5)]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
        public virtual async Task<ActionResult> SendFile(HttpPostedFileBase file, int userid = 0)
        { 
        
        }

[HttpPost]
        [StopSpam(DelayRequest = 30, ErrorMessage = "زمان لازم بین ارسال هر مطلب 30 ثانیه است")]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
        public virtual async Task<ActionResult> InsertPost(NewPostModel model)
        {
     
        }

        [HttpPost]
        [StopSpam(AddAddress = true, DelayRequest = 20)]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
        public Task<ActionResult> InsertPost(NewPostModel model)
        {
            if (ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                var newPost = dbContext.InsertPost(model);
                if (newPost != null)
                {
                    ViewBag.ExecuteResult = true;
                }
            }

            if (ModelState.IsValidField("ExcessiveRequests") == true)


            {


                ViewBag.ExecuteResult = false;


           }


            return View();
        }