public class Person
    {
        public string FirstName { get; set; }
    }

    public class PersonWithCtor
    {
        public PersonWithCtor(string firstName)
        {
            this.FirstName = firstName;
        }

        public string FirstName { get; set; }
    }

Person person = new Person();

var person = new Person();

Person person = new();

Person person = new("User 1");

var personList = new List<Person>
        {
            new ("User 1"),
            new ("User 2"),
            // ...
        };

public void Adopt(Person p)
{
    //...
}

public void CallerMethod()
{
    this.Adopt(new Person("User 1"));
    // C# 9.0
    this.Adopt(new("User 1"));
}

XmlReader.Create(reader, new XmlReaderSettings() { IgnoreWhitespace = true });
// C# 9.0
XmlReader.Create(reader, new() { IgnoreWhitespace = true });

Person person = new
{
   FirstName = "User 2"
};

Person person = new()
{
   FirstName = "User 2"
};

private ConcurrentDictionary<string, ObservableList<Cat>> _catsBefore = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, ObservableList<Cat>>();

private ConcurrentDictionary<string, ObservableList<Cat>> _cats = new(); // C# 9.0

public ObservableCollection<Friend> Friends { get; } = new();

public interface IAnimal
{
}

public class Dog : IAnimal
{
}

public class Cat : IAnimal
{
}

Cat cat = null;
Dog dog = new();
IAnimal animal = cat ?? dog;

(int a, int b) t = new(1, 2); // "new" is redundant

(int a, int b) t = new(); // OK; same as (0, 0)

 [PageAuthorization(AuthorizationType.ApplyRequiredRoles, "IsAdmin, CanAddNewUser")]

    /// <summary>
    /// وضعیت اعتبار سنجی صفحه را مشخص می‌کند
    /// </summary>
    public enum AuthorizationType
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// همه می‌توانند بدون اعتبار سنجی، دسترسی به این صفحات داشته باشند
        /// </summary>
        AllowAnonymous,

        /// <summary>
        /// کاربران وارد شده به سیستم بدون محدودیت به این صفحات دسترسی خواهند داشت
        /// </summary>
        FreeForAuthenticatedUsers,

        /// <summary>
        /// بر اساس نام نقش‌هایی که مشخص می‌شوند تصمیم گیری خواهد شد
        /// </summary>
        ApplyRequiredRoles
    }

 [ImplementPropertyChanged] // AOP
public class LoginPageModel : DataErrorInfoBase

public static int Add(in int number1, in int number2)
{
   number1 = 5; // Cannot assign to variable 'in int' because it is a readonly variable
   return number1 + number2;
}

<ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="BenchmarkDotNet" Version="0.10.12" />
</ItemGroup>

using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;

namespace CS72Tests
{
    public struct Input
    {
        public decimal Number1;
        public decimal Number2;
    }

    [MemoryDiagnoser]
    public class InBenchmarking
    {
        const int loops = 50000000;
        Input inputInstance = new Input();

        [Benchmark(Baseline = true)]
        public decimal RunNormalLoop_Pass_By_Value()
        {
            decimal result = 0M;
            for (int i = 0; i < loops; i++)
            {
                result = Run(inputInstance);
            }
            return result;
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public decimal RunInLoop_Pass_By_Reference()
        {
            decimal result = 0M;
            for (int i = 0; i < loops; i++)
            {
                result = RunIn(in inputInstance);
            }
            return result;
        }

        public decimal Run(Input input)
        {
            return input.Number1;
        }

        public decimal RunIn(in Input input)
        {
            return input.Number1;
        }
    }
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var summary = BenchmarkRunner.Run<InBenchmarking>();

                      Method |      Mean |    Error |   StdDev | Scaled | Allocated |
---------------------------- |----------:|---------:|---------:|-------:|----------:|
 RunNormalLoop_Pass_By_Value | 280.04 ms | 2.219 ms | 1.733 ms |   1.00 |       0 B |
 RunInLoop_Pass_By_Reference |  91.75 ms | 1.733 ms | 1.780 ms |   0.33 |       0 B |

    public static class Factorial
    {
        public static int Calculate(in this int num)
        {
            int result = 1;
            for (int i = num; i > 1; i--)
                result *= i;

            return result;
        }
    }

int num = 3;
Console.WriteLine($"(in num) -> {Factorial.Calculate(in num)}");
Console.WriteLine($"(num) -> {Factorial.Calculate(num)}");
Console.WriteLine($"num. -> {num.Calculate()}");

(in num) -> 6
(num) -> 6
num. -> 6

    public class CX
    {
        public void A(Input a)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("int a");
        }

        public void A(in Input a)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("in int a");
        }
    }

    public class Y
    {
        public void Test()
        {
            var inputInstance = new Input();
            var cx = new CX();
            cx.A(inputInstance); // The call is ambiguous between the following methods or properties: 'CX.A(Input)' and 'CX.A(in Input)'
        }
    }

public IEnumerable<int> B(in int a) // Iterators cannot have ref or out parameters
{
   Console.WriteLine("in int a");
   yield return 1;
}

public async Task C(in int a) // Async methods cannot have ref or out parameters
{
   await Task.Delay(1000);
}

using System;

namespace CS72Tests
{
    struct MyStruct
    {
        public int MyValue { get; set; }

        public void UpdateMyValue(int value)
        {
            MyValue = value;
        }
    }

    public static class TestInStructs
    {
        public static void Run()
        {
            var myStruct = new MyStruct();
            myStruct.UpdateMyValue(1);

            UpdateMyValue(myStruct);

            Console.WriteLine(myStruct.MyValue);
        }

        static void UpdateMyValue(in MyStruct myStruct)
        {
            myStruct.UpdateMyValue(5);
        }
    }
}

static void UpdateMyValue(in MyStruct myStruct)
{
   myStruct.MyValue = 5; // Cannot assign to a member of variable 'in MyStruct' because it is a readonly variable
   myStruct.UpdateMyValue(5);
}

using CoreIocServices;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;

namespace CoreIocSample02
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            CreateWebHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
        }

        public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
            WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
            .ConfigureServices(serviceCollection =>
            {
                serviceCollection.AddScoped<ISomeService, SomeService>();
            })
            .UseStartup<Startup>();
    }
}

namespace CoreIocSample02
{
    public class Startup
    {
        private readonly ISomeService _someService;

        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration, ISomeService someService)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
            _someService = someService;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

public interface IUnitOfWork
{
   //...
   DbEntityEntry<TEntity> Entry<TEntity>(TEntity entity) where TEntity : class;
}

• id
• name
• price

    public class Student
    {
        public string FirstName;
        public string LastName;
        public int TotalPointsEarned;

        public void TakeExam(int pointsForExam)
        {
            TotalPointsEarned += pointsForExam;
        }

        public void ExtraCredit(int extraPoints)
        {
            TotalPointsEarned += extraPoints;
        }


        public int PointsEarned { get { return TotalPointsEarned; } }
    }

using System.Collections.Immutable;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp.Syntax;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Diagnostics;
 
namespace CodingStandards
{
    [DiagnosticAnalyzer(LanguageNames.CSharp)]
    public class CodingStandardsAnalyzer : DiagnosticAnalyzer
    {
        public const string DiagnosticId = "CodingStandards";

        // You can change these strings in the Resources.resx file. If you do not want your analyzer to be localize-able, you can use regular strings for Title and MessageFormat.
        internal static readonly LocalizableString Title = new LocalizableResourceString(nameof(Resources.AnalyzerTitle), Resources.ResourceManager, typeof(Resources));
        internal static readonly LocalizableString MessageFormat = new LocalizableResourceString(nameof(Resources.AnalyzerMessageFormat), Resources.ResourceManager, typeof(Resources));
        internal static readonly LocalizableString Description = new LocalizableResourceString(nameof(Resources.AnalyzerDescription), Resources.ResourceManager, typeof(Resources));
        internal const string Category = "Naming";

        internal static DiagnosticDescriptor Rule = 
            new DiagnosticDescriptor(
                DiagnosticId, 
                Title, 
                MessageFormat, 
                Category, 
                DiagnosticSeverity.Error, 
                isEnabledByDefault: true, 
                description: Description);
 
        public override ImmutableArray<DiagnosticDescriptor> SupportedDiagnostics
        {
            get { return ImmutableArray.Create(Rule); }
        }

        public override void Initialize(AnalysisContext context)
        {
            // TODO: Consider registering other actions that act on syntax instead of or in addition to symbols
            context.RegisterSyntaxNodeAction(analyzeFieldDeclaration, SyntaxKind.FieldDeclaration);
        }

        static void analyzeFieldDeclaration(SyntaxNodeAnalysisContext context)
        {
            var fieldDeclaration = context.Node as FieldDeclarationSyntax;
            if (fieldDeclaration == null) return;
            var accessToken = fieldDeclaration
                                .ChildTokens()
                                .SingleOrDefault(token => token.Kind() == SyntaxKind.PublicKeyword);

            // Note: Not finding protected or internal
            if (accessToken.Kind() != SyntaxKind.None)
            {
                // Find the name of the field:
                var name = fieldDeclaration.DescendantTokens()
                              .SingleOrDefault(token => token.IsKind(SyntaxKind.IdentifierToken)).Value;
                var diagnostic = Diagnostic.Create(Rule, fieldDeclaration.GetLocation(), name, accessToken.Value);
                context.ReportDiagnostic(diagnostic);
            }
        }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Immutable;
using System.Composition;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CodeFixes;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CodeActions;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp.Syntax;
 
namespace CodingStandards
{
    [ExportCodeFixProvider(LanguageNames.CSharp, Name = nameof(CodingStandardsCodeFixProvider)), Shared]
    public class CodingStandardsCodeFixProvider : CodeFixProvider
    {
        public sealed override ImmutableArray<string> FixableDiagnosticIds
        {
            get { return ImmutableArray.Create(CodingStandardsAnalyzer.DiagnosticId); }
        }

        public sealed override FixAllProvider GetFixAllProvider()
        {
            return WellKnownFixAllProviders.BatchFixer;
        }

        public sealed override async Task RegisterCodeFixesAsync(CodeFixContext context)
        {
            var root = await context.Document.GetSyntaxRootAsync(context.CancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);

            // TODO: Replace the following code with your own analysis, generating a CodeAction for each fix to suggest
            var diagnostic = context.Diagnostics.First();
            var diagnosticSpan = diagnostic.Location.SourceSpan;

            // Find the type declaration identified by the diagnostic.
            var declaration = root.FindToken(diagnosticSpan.Start)
                                   .Parent.AncestorsAndSelf().OfType<FieldDeclarationSyntax>()
                                   .First();

            // Register a code action that will invoke the fix.
            context.RegisterCodeFix(
                CodeAction.Create("Make Private", 
                c => makePrivateDeclarationAsync(context.Document, declaration, c)),
                diagnostic);
        }

        async Task<Document> makePrivateDeclarationAsync(Document document, FieldDeclarationSyntax declaration, CancellationToken c)
        {
            var accessToken = declaration.ChildTokens()
                .SingleOrDefault(token => token.Kind() == SyntaxKind.PublicKeyword);

            var privateAccessToken = SyntaxFactory.Token(SyntaxKind.PrivateKeyword);

            var root = await document.GetSyntaxRootAsync(c);
            var newRoot = root.ReplaceToken(accessToken, privateAccessToken);

            return document.WithSyntaxRoot(newRoot);
        }
    }
}