• پیاده سازی و نامگذاری Product در Factory مربوطه متمرکز می‌شود و بدین ترتیب Client به نام و نحوه پیاده سازی Type‌های مختلف Product وابستگی نخواهد داشت.
• به راحتی می‌توان Concrete Factory مورد استفاده در برنامه را تغییر داد، بدون اینکه تاثیری در عملکرد سایر بخش‌ها داشته باشد.
• در مواردی که بیش از یک محصول برای هر خانواده وجود داشته باشد، استفاده از Abstract Factory تضمین می‌کند که Product‌های هر خانواده همه در کنار هم قرار دارند و با هم فعال و غیر فعال می‌شوند. (یا همه، یا هیچکدام) 

• Factory‌ها معمولا Singleton هستند. زیرا هر Application بطور معمول فقط به یک instance از هر Concrete Factory نیاز دارد.
  
• انتخاب Concrete Factory مناسب معمولا توسط پارامترهایی انجام می‌شود.

و کلام آخر در مورد این الگو:

• Abstract Factory یک interface یا کلاس abstract است که signature متدهای ساخت Object‌ها در آن تعریف شده است و Concrete Factory‌ها آن‌ها را implement می‌نمایند.
  
• در Abstract Factory Pattern همه Product‌های هم خانواده در Concrete Factory مربوط به آن خانواده پیاده سازی و مجتمع می‌گردند.
  
• در کدهای برنامه تنها با Abstract Factory و Abstract Product‌ها سر و کار داریم و به هیچ وجه درگیر این مساله که کدام یک از Concrete Class‌ها در برنامه مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند، نمی‌شویم.  
  

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

namespace BlazorServer.Entities
{
    public class ApplicationUser : IdentityUser
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }
}

public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser>

namespace BlazorWasm.WebApi
{
    public class Startup
    {
        // ...

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, IdentityRole>()
                .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
                .AddDefaultTokenProviders();
  
            // ...

dotnet tool update --global dotnet-ef --version 5.0.4
dotnet build
dotnet ef migrations --startup-project ../../BlazorWasm/BlazorWasm.WebApi/ add AddNameToAppUser --context ApplicationDbContext
dotnet ef --startup-project ../../BlazorWasm/BlazorWasm.WebApi/ database update --context ApplicationDbContext

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace BlazorServer.Models
{
    public class UserRequestDTO
    {
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Name is required")]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Email is required")]
        [RegularExpression("^[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$",
                ErrorMessage = "Invalid email address")]
        public string Email { get; set; }

        public string PhoneNo { get; set; }

        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Password is required.")]
        [DataType(DataType.Password)]
        public string Password { get; set; }

        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Confirm password is required")]
        [DataType(DataType.Password)]
        [Compare("Password", ErrorMessage = "Password and confirm password is not matched")]
        public string ConfirmPassword { get; set; }
    }
}

    public class RegistrationResponseDTO
    {
        public bool IsRegistrationSuccessful { get; set; }

        public IEnumerable<string> Errors { get; set; }
    }

using System;
using BlazorServer.Entities;
using BlazorServer.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Linq;
using BlazorServer.Common;

namespace BlazorWasm.WebApi.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]/[action]")]
    [ApiController]
    [Authorize]
    public class AccountController : ControllerBase
    {
        private readonly SignInManager<ApplicationUser> _signInManager;
        private readonly UserManager<ApplicationUser> _userManager;
        private readonly RoleManager<IdentityRole> _roleManager;

        public AccountController(SignInManager<ApplicationUser> signInManager,
            UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager,
            RoleManager<IdentityRole> roleManager)
        {
            _roleManager = roleManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(roleManager));
            _userManager = userManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(userManager));
            _signInManager = signInManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(signInManager));
        }

        [HttpPost]
        [AllowAnonymous]
        public async Task<IActionResult> SignUp([FromBody] UserRequestDTO userRequestDTO)
        {
            var user = new ApplicationUser
            {
                UserName = userRequestDTO.Email,
                Email = userRequestDTO.Email,
                Name = userRequestDTO.Name,
                PhoneNumber = userRequestDTO.PhoneNo,
                EmailConfirmed = true
            };
            var result = await _userManager.CreateAsync(user, userRequestDTO.Password);
            if (!result.Succeeded)
            {
                var errors = result.Errors.Select(e => e.Description);
                return BadRequest(new RegistationResponseDTO { Errors = errors, IsRegistrationSuccessful = false });
            }

            var roleResult = await _userManager.AddToRoleAsync(user, ConstantRoles.Customer);
            if (!roleResult.Succeeded)
            {
                var errors = result.Errors.Select(e => e.Description);
                return BadRequest(new RegistationResponseDTO { Errors = errors, IsRegistrationSuccessful = false });
            }

            return StatusCode(201); // Created
        }
    }
}

[Route("api/[controller]/[action]")]
[ApiController]
[Authorize]

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace BlazorServer.Models
{
    public class AuthenticationDTO
    {
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "UserName is required")]
        [RegularExpression("^[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$",
            ErrorMessage = "Invalid email address")]
        public string UserName { get; set; }

        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Password is required.")]
        [DataType(DataType.Password)]
        public string Password { get; set; }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace BlazorServer.Models
{
    public class AuthenticationResponseDTO
    {
        public bool IsAuthSuccessful { get; set; }

        public string ErrorMessage { get; set; }

        public string Token { get; set; }

        public UserDTO UserDTO { get; set; }
    }

    public class UserDTO
    {
        public string Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Email { get; set; }
        public string PhoneNo { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.Models
{
    public class BearerTokensOptions
    {
        public string Key { set; get; }

        public string Issuer { set; get; }

        public string Audience { set; get; }

        public int AccessTokenExpirationMinutes { set; get; }
    }
}

{
  "BearerTokens": {
    "Key": "This is my shared key, not so secret, secret!",
    "Issuer": "https://localhost:5001/",
    "Audience": "Any",
    "AccessTokenExpirationMinutes": 20
  }
}

namespace BlazorWasm.WebApi
{
    public class Startup
    {
        // ...

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddOptions<BearerTokensOptions>().Bind(Configuration.GetSection("BearerTokens"));
            // ...

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using BlazorServer.Entities;
using BlazorServer.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;

namespace BlazorServer.Services
{

    public interface ITokenFactoryService
    {
        Task<string> CreateJwtTokensAsync(ApplicationUser user);
    }

    public class TokenFactoryService : ITokenFactoryService
    {
        private readonly UserManager<ApplicationUser> _userManager;
        private readonly BearerTokensOptions _configuration;

        public TokenFactoryService(
                UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager,
                IOptionsSnapshot<BearerTokensOptions> bearerTokensOptions)
        {
            _userManager = userManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(userManager));
            if (bearerTokensOptions is null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(bearerTokensOptions));
            }
            _configuration = bearerTokensOptions.Value;
        }

        public async Task<string> CreateJwtTokensAsync(ApplicationUser user)
        {
            var signingCredentials = new SigningCredentials(
                new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_configuration.Key)),
                SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
            var claims = await getClaimsAsync(user);
            var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
            var tokenOptions = new JwtSecurityToken(
                issuer: _configuration.Issuer,
                audience: _configuration.Audience,
                claims: claims,
                notBefore: now,
                expires: now.AddMinutes(_configuration.AccessTokenExpirationMinutes),
                signingCredentials: signingCredentials);
            return new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(tokenOptions);
        }

        private async Task<List<Claim>> getClaimsAsync(ApplicationUser user)
        {
            string issuer = _configuration.Issuer;
            var claims = new List<Claim>
            {
                // Issuer
                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iss, issuer, ClaimValueTypes.String, issuer),
                // Issued at
                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iat, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString(), ClaimValueTypes.Integer64, issuer),
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, user.Email, ClaimValueTypes.String, issuer),
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Email, user.Email, ClaimValueTypes.String, issuer),
                new Claim("Id", user.Id, ClaimValueTypes.String, issuer),
                new Claim("DisplayName", user.Name, ClaimValueTypes.String, issuer),
            };

            var roles = await _userManager.GetRolesAsync(user);
            foreach (var role in roles)
            {
                claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, role, ClaimValueTypes.String, issuer));
            }
            return claims;
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorWasm.WebApi
{
    public class Startup
    {
        // ...

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddScoped<ITokenFactoryService, TokenFactoryService>();
            // ...

namespace BlazorWasm.WebApi.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]/[action]")]
    [ApiController]
    [Authorize]
    public class AccountController : ControllerBase
    {
        private readonly SignInManager<ApplicationUser> _signInManager;
        private readonly UserManager<ApplicationUser> _userManager;
        private readonly ITokenFactoryService _tokenFactoryService;

        public AccountController(
            SignInManager<ApplicationUser> signInManager,
            UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager,
            ITokenFactoryService tokenFactoryService)
        {
            _userManager = userManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(userManager));
            _signInManager = signInManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(signInManager));
            _tokenFactoryService = tokenFactoryService;
        }

        [HttpPost]
        [AllowAnonymous]
        public async Task<IActionResult> SignIn([FromBody] AuthenticationDTO authenticationDTO)
        {
            var result = await _signInManager.PasswordSignInAsync(
                    authenticationDTO.UserName, authenticationDTO.Password,
                    isPersistent: false, lockoutOnFailure: false);
            if (!result.Succeeded)
            {
                return Unauthorized(new AuthenticationResponseDTO
                {
                    IsAuthSuccessful = false,
                    ErrorMessage = "Invalid Authentication"
                });
            }

            var user = await _userManager.FindByNameAsync(authenticationDTO.UserName);
            if (user == null)
            {
                return Unauthorized(new AuthenticationResponseDTO
                {
                    IsAuthSuccessful = false,
                    ErrorMessage = "Invalid Authentication"
                });
            }

            var token = await _tokenFactoryService.CreateJwtTokensAsync(user);
            return Ok(new AuthenticationResponseDTO
            {
                IsAuthSuccessful = true,
                Token = token,
                UserDTO = new UserDTO
                {
                    Name = user.Name,
                    Id = user.Id,
                    Email = user.Email,
                    PhoneNo = user.PhoneNumber
                }
            });
        }
    }
}

{
  "iss": "https://localhost:5001/",
  "iat": 1616396383,
  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/name": "vahid@dntips.ir",
  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/emailaddress": "vahid@dntips.ir",
  "Id": "582855fb-e95b-45ab-b349-5e9f7de40c0c",
  "DisplayName": "vahid@dntips.ir",
  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role": "Admin",
  "nbf": 1616396383,
  "exp": 1616397583,
  "aud": "Any"
}

namespace BlazorWasm.WebApi
{
    public class Startup
    {
        // ...

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            var bearerTokensSection = Configuration.GetSection("BearerTokens");
            services.AddOptions<BearerTokensOptions>().Bind(bearerTokensSection);
            // ...

            var apiSettings = bearerTokensSection.Get<BearerTokensOptions>();
            var key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(apiSettings.Key);
            services.AddAuthentication(opt =>
            {
                opt.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                opt.DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                opt.DefaultScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
            })
            .AddJwtBearer(cfg =>
            {
                cfg.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
                cfg.SaveToken = true;
                cfg.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
                {
                    ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
                    IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(key),
                    ValidateAudience = true,
                    ValidateIssuer = true,
                    ValidAudience = apiSettings.Audience,
                    ValidIssuer = apiSettings.Issuer,
                    ClockSkew = TimeSpan.Zero,
                    ValidateLifetime = true
                };
            });

            // ...

namespace BlazorWasm.WebApi
{
    public class Startup
    {
        // ...

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            // ...

            services.AddSwaggerGen(c =>
            {
                c.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "BlazorWasm.WebApi", Version = "v1" });
                c.AddSecurityDefinition("Bearer", new OpenApiSecurityScheme
                {
                    In = ParameterLocation.Header,
                    Description = "Please enter the token in the field",
                    Name = "Authorization",
                    Type = SecuritySchemeType.ApiKey
                });
                c.AddSecurityRequirement(new OpenApiSecurityRequirement {
                    {
                        new OpenApiSecurityScheme
                        {
                            Reference = new OpenApiReference
                            {
                                Type = ReferenceType.SecurityScheme,
                                Id = "Bearer"
                            }
                        },
                        new string[] { }
                    }
                });
            });
        }

        // ...

public class StructureMapValidatorFactory : ValidatorFactoryBase {
public override IValidator CreateInstance(Type validatorType) {
return ObjectFactory.TryGetInstance(validatorType) as IValidator;
}
}

پیش نیازها

• مسیر آموزشی «+AngularJS 2.0» 
  
• مسیر آموزشی «سری آموزشی Angular CLI»  
• مسیر آموزشی «مسیریابی در Angular»  
• مسیر آموزشی «کتابخانه Angular Material 6x» 
  

کار را با طراحی و پیاده سازی TabService شروع می‌کنیم. برای این منظور یک سرویس را در فولدر services موجود در کنار CoreModule ایجاد خواهیم کرد؛ به این جهت ابتدا مدل‌های زیر را خواهیم داشت:

import { Type, ValueProvider } from '@angular/core';

export interface OpenNewTabModel {
  label: string;
  componentType: Type<any>;
  iconName: string;
  modulePath?: string;
  data?: ValueProvider[];
}

import { TabItemComponent } from './tab-item-component';

export interface TabItem {
  label: string;
  iconName: string;
  component: TabItemComponent;
}

import { Injector, NgModuleFactory, Type } from '@angular/core';

export interface TabItemComponent {
  componentType: Type<any>;
  moduleFactory?: NgModuleFactory<any>;
  injector: Injector;
}

import { BehaviorSubject, Observable } from 'rxjs';
import {
  Injectable,
  Injector,
  NgModuleFactory,
  NgModuleFactoryLoader
} from '@angular/core';

import { OpenNewTabModel } from '../models/open-new-tab-model';
import { TabItem } from '../models/tab-item';

@Injectable({
  providedIn: 'root'
})
export class TabService {
  private tabItemSubject: BehaviorSubject<TabItem[]> = new BehaviorSubject<
    TabItem[]
  >([]);

  constructor(
    private loader: NgModuleFactoryLoader,
    private injector: Injector
  ) {}

  get tabItems$(): Observable<TabItem[]> {
    return this.tabItemSubject.asObservable();
  }

  open(newTab: OpenNewTabModel) {
    if (newTab.modulePath) {
      this.loader
        .load(newTab.modulePath)
        .then((moduleFactory: NgModuleFactory<any>) => {
          this.openInternal(newTab, moduleFactory);
        });
    } else {
      this.openInternal(newTab);
    }
  }

  private openInternal(newTab: OpenNewTabModel, moduleFactory?: NgModuleFactory<any>) {
    const newTabItem: TabItem = {
      label: newTab.label,
      iconName: newTab.iconName,
      component: {
        componentType: newTab.componentType,
        moduleFactory: moduleFactory,
        injector: newTab.data
          ? Injector.create(newTab.data, this.injector)
          : this.injector
      }
    };

    this.tabItemSubject.getValue().push(newTabItem);
    this.tabItemSubject.next(this.tabItemSubject.getValue());
  }

  close(index: number) {
    this.tabItemSubject.getValue().splice(index, 1);
    this.tabItemSubject.next(this.tabItemSubject.getValue());
  }
}

{ provide: NgModuleFactoryLoader, useClass: SystemJsNgModuleLoader }

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';

import { TabService } from './../../../services/tab.service';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-tabs',
  templateUrl: './tabs.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./tabs.component.scss']
})
export class TabsComponent implements OnInit {
  constructor(public service: TabService) {}

  ngOnInit() {}
}

<mat-tab-group>
  <mat-tab
    *ngFor="let tabItem of (service.tabItems$ | async); let index = index"
  >
    <ng-template mat-tab-label>
      <mat-icon
        class="icon"
        aria-label="icon for tab"
      >{{tabItem.iconName}}</mat-icon>
      <span class="full">{{ tabItem.label }}</span>
    
      <mat-icon
        class="close"
        (click)="service.close(index)"
        aria-label="close tab button"
        >close</mat-icon
      >
      <!-- </button> -->
    </ng-template>

    <ng-container *ngIf="tabItem.component.moduleFactory">
      <ng-container
        *ngComponentOutlet="
          tabItem.component.componentType;
          ngModuleFactory: tabItem.component.moduleFactory;
          injector: tabItem.component.injector
        "
      >
      </ng-container>
    </ng-container>
    <ng-container *ngIf="!tabItem.component.moduleFactory">
      <ng-container
        *ngComponentOutlet="
          tabItem.component.componentType;
          injector: tabItem.component.injector
        "
      >
      </ng-container>
    </ng-container>
  </mat-tab>
</mat-tab-group>

در تکه کد بالا، ابتدا با استفاده از وهله تزریق شده TabService در کامپوننت مذکور، به شکل زیر، مشترک تغییرات لیست برگه‌ها شده‌ایم و با استفاده از دایرکتیو ‎*ngFor به ازای تک تک tabItem‌های درخواست شده برای گشوده شدن، به شکل زیر کار وهله سازی پویا از کامپوننت مشخص شده انجام می‌شود:

<ng-container *ngComponentOutlet="tabItem.component.componentType; ngModuleFactory: tabItem.component.moduleFactory; injector: tabItem.component.injector">
</ng-container>

خوب، با استفاده از آنچه تا اینجای مطلب بررسی شد، می‌توان یک سیستم راهبری مبتنی بر Tab را نیز برپا کرد که مطلب جدایی را می‌طلبد. برای تکمیل مکانیزم بارگذاری پویای ماژول‌ها، نیاز است تا مسیر ماژول مورد نظر را در فایل angular.json و بخش lazyModules به شکل زیر معرفی کنید:

"build": {
          "builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:browser",
          "options": {
            "outputPath": "dist/MaterialAngularTabLayout",
            "index": "src/index.html",
            "main": "src/main.ts",
            "polyfills": "src/polyfills.ts",
            "tsConfig": "src/tsconfig.app.json",
            "assets": [
              "src/favicon.ico",
              "src/assets"
            ],
            "styles": [
              "./node_modules/@angular/material/prebuilt-themes/indigo-pink.css",
              "src/styles.scss"
            ],
            "lazyModules": [
              "src/app/lazy/lazy.module"
            ],
            "scripts": []
          },

import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { IdModel } from './core/models/id-model';
import { LazyComponent } from './lazy/lazy.component';
import { OpenNewTabModel } from './core/models/open-new-tab-model';
import { TabService } from './core/services/tab.service';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-root',
  templateUrl: './app.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./app.component.scss']
})
export class AppComponent {
  title = 'MaterialAngularTabLayout';
  constructor(private tabService: TabService) {}
  loadLazyComponent() {
    this.tabService.open(<OpenNewTabModel>{
      label: 'Loaded Lazy Component',
      iconName: 'thumb_up',
      componentType: LazyComponent,
      modulePath: 'src/app/lazy/lazy.module#LazyModule',
      data: [{ provide: IdModel, useValue: <IdModel>{ id: 1 } }]
    });
  }
}

export class IdModel {
  constructor(public id: number) {}
}

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';

import { IdModel } from './../core/models/id-model';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-lazy',
  templateUrl: './lazy.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./lazy.component.scss']
})
export class LazyComponent implements OnInit {
  constructor(private model: IdModel) {}

  ngOnInit() {
    console.log(this.model);
  }
}

import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common';
import { LazyComponent } from './lazy.component';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';

@NgModule({
  imports: [CommonModule],
  declarations: [LazyComponent],
  entryComponents: [LazyComponent]
})
export class LazyModule {}

<form action="/rest/login" method="POST">
    <input name="username" required>
    <input type="password" name="password" required>
</form>

 <input name=username required>

 <input name=username required>

<div class="bold">I'm a bold element</div>

 <a href="http://www.site.com/blog/">Read the blog</a>

<script>
   document.querySelector('A').href = 'https://www.dntips.ir';
</script>

  <input type="checkbox" checked>

  <script>
      // this does not remove the checked attribute 
      document.querySelector('INPUT').checked = false;
  </script>

  <form action="/submitHandler" method="POST">
      <input name="first-name">
      <input name="last-name" required>
      <input type="email" name="email" required>
      <button disabled>submit</button>
  </form>

 var $result = $('[required], [disabled]');

 var result = document.querySelectorAll('[required], [disabled]');

  <div class="bold">I'm bold</div>
  <span class>I'm not</span>

  var result = document.querySelectorAll('[class]');

  <section>
     <h2>Sites</h2>
     <ul>
          <li>
              <a href="https://www.dntips.ir/">dotnettips</a>
          </li>
          <li>
              <a href="https://google.com/">Google</a>
          </li>
      </ul>
  </section>

 var $result = $('A[href="https://www.dntips.ir/"]');

 var result = document.querySelectorAll('A[href="https://www.dntips.ir/"]');

 var result = document.querySelectorAll('[class]:not([class=""]');

  <a href="https://www.dntips.ir/">home page</a>
  <a href="https://www.dntips.ir/postsarchive">articles</a>
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 var result = document.querySelectorAll('A[href*="www.dotnettips.info"]');

<div class="one two three">1 2 3</div>
<div class="onetwothree">123</div>

 var result = document.querySelectorAll('[class∼=two]');

 var hasTwoClass = $divEl.hasClass('two');

 var hasTwoClass = divEl.classList.contains('two');

divEl.classList.remove('red');
divEl.classList.add('blue');

// removes "hide" class
divEl.classList.toggle('hide');

// re-adds "hide" class
divEl.classList.toggle('hide');

  <img id="cat" src="/images/cat.gif">
  <img id="zebra" src="zebra.gif">
  <a href="#zebra">watch the zebra</a>
  <a href="/logout">logout</a>

 var result = document.querySelectorAll('A[href^="#"], [src$=".gif"]');

 <input type="password" name="user-password" required>

// returns "password"
$inputEl.attr('type');

// returns "true"
$inputEl.is('[required]');

// returns "password"
inputEl.getAttribute('type');

// returns "true"
inputEl.hasAttribute('required');

 <input name="temp" required>

 $inputEl
 .attr('type', 'email') // #1
 .removeAttr('required') // #2
 .attr('name', 'userEmail'); // #3

 inputEl.setAttribute('type', 'email'); // #1
inputEl.removeAttribute('required'); // #2
inputEl.setAttribute('name', 'userEmail'); // #3

public class TransferenceConfig : EntityTypeConfiguration<Transference>
   {
       public TransferenceConfig()
       {
           // one-to-many
           this.HasRequired(x => x.Consumer)
               .WithMany(x => x.Transferences);
 
               // one-to-many
           this.HasRequired(x => x.TypesOfTanker)
               .WithMany(x => x.Transferences);
 
           // one-to-many
           this.HasRequired(x => x.Tanker)
               .WithMany(x => x.Transferences);
 
           // one-to-many
           this.HasRequired(x => x.Driver)
               .WithMany(x => x.Transferences);
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
           // one-to-many
           this.HasRequired(x => x.DriverAssistance)
               .WithMany(x => x.TransferencesForAssistance);
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
       }
   }