public class BlogComment
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        public string Body { get; set; }

        public DateTime Date1 { get; set; }


        public virtual BlogComment Reply { get; set; }
        public int? ReplyId { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<BlogComment> Children { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyDBDataContext : DbContext
    {
        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=testdb2;Integrated Security = true");
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<BlogComment>(entity =>
            {
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.ReplyId);

                entity.HasOne(d => d.Reply)
                    .WithMany(p => p.Children)
                    .HasForeignKey(d => d.ReplyId);
            });
        }

        public virtual DbSet<BlogComment> BlogComments { get; set; }
    }

   public virtual BlogComment Reply { get; set; }

   public int? ReplyId { get; set; }

 public virtual ICollection<BlogComment> Children { get; set; }

    public class BlogComment
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Body { get; set; }
        public DateTime Date1 { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey("ReplyId")]
        [InverseProperty("Children")]
        public virtual BlogComment Reply { get; set; }
        public int? ReplyId { get; set; }

        [InverseProperty("Reply")]
        public virtual ICollection<BlogComment> Children { get; set; }
    }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<BlogComment>(entity =>
            {
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.ReplyId);
            });
        }

var comment1 = new BlogComment { Body = "نظر من این است که" };
var comment12 = new BlogComment { Body = "پاسخی به نظر اول", Reply = comment1 };
var comment121 = new BlogComment { Body = "پاسخی به پاسخ به نظر اول", Reply = comment12 };

context.BlogComments.Add(comment121);

var comment2 = new BlogComment { Body = "نظر من این بود که" };
var comment22 = new BlogComment { Body = "پاسخی به نظر قبلی", Reply = comment2 };
var comment221 = new BlogComment { Body = "پاسخی به پاسخ به نظر من اول", Reply = comment22 };
context.BlogComments.Add(comment221);

context.SaveChanges();

var id = 1;
var childIds = new List<int>();
 
var connection = context.Database.GetDbConnection();
connection.Open();
var command = connection.CreateCommand();
command.CommandText =
    @"WITH Hierachy(ChildId, ParentId) AS (
                SELECT Id, ReplyId
                    FROM BlogComments
                UNION ALL
                SELECT h.ChildId, bc.ReplyId
                    FROM BlogComments bc
                    INNER JOIN Hierachy h ON bc.Id = h.ParentId
            )
 
            SELECT h.ChildId
                FROM Hierachy h
                WHERE h.ParentId = @Id";
command.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("id", id));
 
var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
    var childId = (int)reader[0];
    childIds.Add(childId);
}
reader.Dispose();

 
var list = context.BlogComments
                .Where(blogComment => blogComment.Id == id ||
                                      childIds.Contains(blogComment.Id))
                .ToList();

exec sp_executesql N'WITH Hierachy(ChildId, ParentId) AS (
                            SELECT Id, ReplyId
                                FROM BlogComments
                            UNION ALL
                            SELECT h.ChildId, bc.ReplyId
                                FROM BlogComments bc
                                INNER JOIN Hierachy h ON bc.Id = h.ParentId
                        )

                        SELECT h.ChildId
                            FROM Hierachy h
                            WHERE h.ParentId = @Id',N'@id int',@id=1

 exec sp_executesql N'SELECT [blogComment].[Id], [blogComment].[Body], [blogComment].[Date1], [blogComment].[ReplyId]
FROM [BlogComments] AS [blogComment]
WHERE [blogComment].[Id] IN (@__id_0, 3, 5)',N'@__id_0 int',@__id_0=1

        endpoints.MapGet("/api/authors", async (MinimalBlogDbContext ctx) =>
        {
            var authors = await ctx.Authors.ToListAsync();
            return authors;
        });

        endpoints.MapPost("/api/authors", async (MinimalBlogDbContext ctx, AuthorDto authorDto) =>
        {
            var author = new Author();
            author.FirstName = authorDto.FirstName;
            author.LastName = authorDto.LastName;
            author.Bio = authorDto.Bio;
            author.DateOfBirth = authorDto.DateOfBirth;

            ctx.Authors.Add(author);
            await ctx.SaveChangesAsync();

            return author;
        });

using MediatR;
using MinimalBlog.Domain.Model;

namespace MinimalBlog.Api.Features.Authors;

public class CreateAuthorCommand : IRequest<Author>
{
    public AuthorDto AuthorDto { get; set; } = default!;
}

public interface IRequest<out TResponse> : IBaseRequest

namespace MinimalBlog.Api.Features.Authors;

public class CreateAuthorCommandHandler : IRequestHandler<CreateAuthorCommand, Author>
{
    private readonly MinimalBlogDbContext _context;
    private readonly IMapper _mapper;

    public CreateAuthorCommandHandler(MinimalBlogDbContext context, IMapper mapper)
    {
        _context = context ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(context));
        _mapper = mapper ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(mapper));
    }

    public async Task<Author> Handle(CreateAuthorCommand request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        if (request == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(request));
        }

        var toAdd = _mapper.Map<Author>(request.AuthorDto);
        _context.Authors.Add(toAdd);
        await _context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
        return toAdd;
    }
}

public interface IRequestHandler<in TRequest, TResponse> where TRequest : IRequest<TResponse>

endpoints.MapPost("/api/authors", async (IMediator mediator, AuthorDto authorDto) =>
{
     var command = new CreateAuthorCommand { AuthorDto = authorDto };
     var author = await mediator.Send(command);
     return author;
});

endpoints.MapGet("/api/authors", async (IMediator mediator, CancellationToken ct) =>
        {
            var request = new GetAllAuthorsQuery();
            var authors = await mediator.Send(request, ct);
            return authors;
        });

public class Handler : IRequestHandler<Command>

public interface IRequestHandler<in TRequest> : IRequestHandler<TRequest, Unit> where TRequest : IRequest<Unit>

public async Task<Unit> Handle(Command request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
   // ...
   return Unit.Value;
}

public class Command : IRequest

using MediatR;
using MinimalBlog.Domain.Model;

namespace MinimalBlog.Api.Features.Authors;

public class GetAllAuthorsQuery : IRequest<List<Author>>
{
}

namespace MinimalBlog.Api.Features.Authors;

public class GetAllAuthorsHandler : IRequestHandler<GetAllAuthorsQuery, List<Author>>
{
    private readonly MinimalBlogDbContext _context;

    public GetAllAuthorsHandler(MinimalBlogDbContext context)
    {
        _context = context ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(context));
    }

    public Task<List<Author>> Handle(GetAllAuthorsQuery request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        return _context.Authors.ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
    }
}

endpoints.MapGet("/api/authors", async (IMediator mediator) =>
{
   var request = new GetAllAuthorsQuery();
   var authors = await mediator.Send(request);
   return authors;
});

public static class CreateAuthor
{
    public class Command : IRequest<AuthorGetDto>
    {
        // ...
    }

    public class Handler : IRequestHandler<Command, AuthorGetDto>
    {
       // ...
    }
}

var command = new CreateAuthor.Command { AuthorDto = authorDto };
var author = await mediator.Send(command, ct);

public static class GetAllAuthors
{
    public class Query : IRequest<List<AuthorGetDto>>
    {
       //...
    }

    public class Handler : IRequestHandler<Query, List<AuthorGetDto>>
    {
       //...
    }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;

public class Startup
{
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
    {
        app.Use(async (context, next) =>
        {
            await context.Response.WriteAsync("<div>from middleware-1, inside app.Use, before next()</div>");
 
            await next();
 
            await context.Response.WriteAsync("<div>from middleware-1, inside app.Use, after next()</div>");
        });
 
        app.Run(async context =>
        {
            await context.Response.WriteAsync("<div>Inside middleware-2 defined using app.Run</div>");
        });
 
        app.Use(async (context, next) =>
        {
            await context.Response.WriteAsync("<div>from middleware-3, inside app.Use, before next()</div>");
 
            await next();
 
            await context.Response.WriteAsync("<div>from middleware-3, inside app.Use, after next()</div>");
        });

 public delegate Task RequestDelegate(HttpContext context);

app.Map("/dnt", appBuilder =>
{
    appBuilder.Run(async context =>
    {
        await context.Response.WriteAsync(@"<div>Inside Map(/dnt) --> Run</div>");
    });
});

app.MapWhen(context =>
{
    return context.Request.Query.ContainsKey("dnt");
},
appBuilder =>
{
    appBuilder.Run(async context =>
    {
        await context.Response.WriteAsync(@"<div>Inside MapWhen(?dnt) --> Run</div>");
    });
});

 http://localhost:7742/?dnt=true

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
 
namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.StartupCustomizations
{
    public class MyMiddleware1
    {
        private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
 
        public MyMiddleware1(RequestDelegate next)
        {
            _next = next;
        }
 
        public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
        {
                    context.Response.ContentType = "text/html";
                    context.Response.StatusCode = 200;
            await context.Response.WriteAsync("<div>Hello from MyMiddleware1.</div>");
            await _next.Invoke(context);
            await context.Response.WriteAsync("<div>End of action.</div>");
        }
    } 
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;

public static class MyMiddlewareExtensions
{
    public static IApplicationBuilder UseMyMiddleware(this IApplicationBuilder app)
    {
        app.UseMiddleware<MyMiddleware1>();
        return app;
    }
}

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
    app.UseMyMiddleware();

private Tuple<string, string, int> GetPersonInfo()
{
     return new Tuple<string, string, int>("Steve", "Jobs", 56);
}

private IEnumerable<int> GetNumbers()
{
   var result = new List<int>();

   for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++)
      result.Add(i);

   return result;
}

private IEnumerable<int> GetNumbers()
{
   for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++)
   {
        yield return i;
   }
}

public interface ICar
{
   string GetName();
   string GetManufacturerCompany();
}

private class GenricClass<T> where T : ICar
{
}

public class Audi : ICar
{
   public string GetName()
   {
      throw new NotImplementedException();
   }

   public string GetManufacturerCompany()
   {
      throw new NotImplementedException();
   }
}

private static void Main(string[] args)
{
   var invalidTest = new GenricClass<int>();
   var validTest = new GenricClass<Audi>();
}

public class Product
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        public string Name { get; set; }
    }

public class ProductService
    {
        public ProductService()
        {
            ListOfProducts = new List<Product>();
        }

        public List<Product> ListOfProducts
        {
            get;
            private set;
        }

        private void InitializeList( int toExclusive )
        {
            Parallel.For( 0 , toExclusive , ( int counter ) =>
            {
                ListOfProducts.Add( new Product()
                {
                    Id = counter ,
                    Name = "DefaultName" + counter.ToString()
                } );
            } );
        }

        public IAsyncResult BeginGetAll( AsyncCallback callback , object state )
        {
            var myTask = Task.Run<IEnumerable<Product>>( () =>
            {
                InitializeList( 100 );
                return ListOfProducts;
            } );
            return myTask.ContinueWith( x => callback( x ) );
        }

        public IEnumerable<Product> EndGetAll( IAsyncResult result )
        {
            return ( ( Task<IEnumerable<Product>> )result ).Result;
        }      
    }

class Program
    {
        static void Main( string[] args )
        {
            GetAllProducts().ToList().ForEach( ( Product item ) => 
            {
                Console.WriteLine( item.Name );
            } );

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        public static IEnumerable<Product> GetAllProducts()
        {
            ProductService service = new ProductService();

            var output = Task.Factory.FromAsync<IEnumerable<Product>>( service.BeginGetAll , service.EndGetAll , TaskCreationOptions.None );
            return output.Result;            
        }
        
    }

 public async Task<IEnumerable<Product>> GetAllAsync()
        {
            var result = Task.Run( () =>
            {
                InitializeList( 100 );
                return ListOfProducts;
            } );
            return await result;
        }

class Program
    {
        static void Main( string[] args )
        {
            GetAllProducts().Result.ToList().ForEach( ( Product item ) => 
            {
                Console.WriteLine( item.Name );
            } );

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        public static async Task<IEnumerable<Product>> GetAllProducts()
        {
            ProductService service = new ProductService();

            return await service.GetAllAsync();
        }
        
    }

class Player
{
   public string Name;
   public int Age;
   public void Walk()
   {
      // کدهای مربوط به پیاده سازی راه رفتن
   }
   public void Run()
   {
      // کدهای مربوط به پیاده سازی دویدن
   }
}

Player objPlayer = new Player();
objPlayer.Name = “Ali Karimi”;
objPlayer.Age = 30;
objPlayer.Run();

 public class MyInitilizer : IDatabaseInitializer<Context>
{
  public void InitializeDatabase(Context context)
  {
Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<Context, Migrations.Configuration>());
  }
}