SELECT
    [Id], 
    (SELECT top 1  * FROM  [AppUsers] FOR XML auto),
    HASHBYTES ('SHA2_256', (SELECT top 1  * FROM  [AppUsers] FOR XML auto)) AS [hash] -- varbinary(n), since 2012
FROM
    [AppUsers]

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace EFCoreRowIntegrity
{
    public interface IAuditableEntity
    {
        string Hash { set; get; }
    }

    public static class AuditableShadowProperties
    {
        public static readonly string CreatedDateTime = nameof(CreatedDateTime);
        public static readonly string ModifiedDateTime = nameof(ModifiedDateTime);
    }

    public class Blog : IAuditableEntity
    {
        public int BlogId { get; set; }
        public string Url { get; set; }

        public List<Post> Posts { get; set; }

        public string Hash { get; set; }
    }

    public class Post : IAuditableEntity
    {
        public int PostId { get; set; }
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public string Content { get; set; }

        public int BlogId { get; set; }
        public Blog Blog { get; set; }

        public string Hash { get; set; }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.ChangeTracking;

namespace EFCoreRowIntegrity
{
    public class AuditEntry
    {
        public EntityEntry EntityEntry { set; get; }
        public IList<AuditProperty> AuditProperties { set; get; } = new List<AuditProperty>();

        public AuditEntry() { }

        public AuditEntry(EntityEntry entry)
        {
            EntityEntry = entry;
        }
    }

    public class AuditProperty
    {
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public object Value { set; get; }

        public bool IsTemporary { set; get; }
        public PropertyEntry PropertyEntry { set; get; }

        public AuditProperty() { }

        public AuditProperty(string name, object value, bool isTemporary, PropertyEntry property)
        {
            Name = name;
            Value = value;
            IsTemporary = isTemporary;
            PropertyEntry = property;
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.ChangeTracking;
using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace EFCoreRowIntegrity
{
    public static class HashingExtensions
    {
        public static string GenerateObjectHash(this object @object)
        {
            if (@object == null)
            {
                return string.Empty;
            }

            var jsonData = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(@object, Formatting.Indented);
            using (var hashAlgorithm = new SHA256CryptoServiceProvider())
            {
                var byteValue = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(jsonData);
                var byteHash = hashAlgorithm.ComputeHash(byteValue);
                return Convert.ToBase64String(byteHash);
            }
        }

        public static string GenerateEntityEntryHash(this EntityEntry entry, string propertyToIgnore)
        {
            var auditEntry = new Dictionary<string, object>();
            foreach (var property in entry.Properties)
            {
                var propertyName = property.Metadata.Name;
                if (propertyName == propertyToIgnore)
                {
                    continue;
                }
                auditEntry[propertyName] = property.CurrentValue;
            }
            return auditEntry.GenerateObjectHash();
        }

        public static string GenerateEntityHash<TEntity>(this DbContext context, TEntity entity, string propertyToIgnore)
        {
            return context.Entry(entity).GenerateEntityEntryHash(propertyToIgnore);
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.ChangeTracking;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace EFCoreRowIntegrity
{
    public class BloggingContext : DbContext
    {
        public BloggingContext()
        { }

        public BloggingContext(DbContextOptions options)
            : base(options)
        { }

        public DbSet<Blog> Blogs { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Post> Posts { get; set; }

        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            if (!optionsBuilder.IsConfigured)
            {
                optionsBuilder.EnableSensitiveDataLogging();
                var path = Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "app_data", "EFCore.RowIntegrity.mdf");
                optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer($"Server=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Database=EFCore.RowIntegrity;AttachDbFilename={path};Trusted_Connection=True;");
                optionsBuilder.UseLoggerFactory(new LoggerFactory().AddConsole((message, logLevel) =>
                logLevel == LogLevel.Debug &&
                           message.StartsWith("Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command")));
            }
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);

            foreach (var entityType in modelBuilder.Model
                                                   .GetEntityTypes()
                                                   .Where(e => typeof(IAuditableEntity)
                                                   .IsAssignableFrom(e.ClrType)))
            {
                modelBuilder.Entity(entityType.ClrType)
                            .Property<DateTimeOffset?>(AuditableShadowProperties.CreatedDateTime);
                modelBuilder.Entity(entityType.ClrType)
                            .Property<DateTimeOffset?>(AuditableShadowProperties.ModifiedDateTime);
            }
        }

        public override int SaveChanges()
        {
            var auditEntries = OnBeforeSaveChanges();
            var result = base.SaveChanges();
            OnAfterSaveChanges(auditEntries);
            return result;
        }

        private IList<AuditEntry> OnBeforeSaveChanges()
        {
            var auditEntries = new List<AuditEntry>();

            foreach (var entry in ChangeTracker.Entries<IAuditableEntity>())
            {
                if (entry.State == EntityState.Detached || entry.State == EntityState.Unchanged)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                var auditEntry = new AuditEntry(entry);
                auditEntries.Add(auditEntry);

                var now = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow;

                foreach (var property in entry.Properties)
                {
                    var propertyName = property.Metadata.Name;
                    if (propertyName == nameof(IAuditableEntity.Hash))
                    {
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (property.IsTemporary)
                    {
                        // It's an auto-generated value and should be retrieved from the DB after calling the base.SaveChanges().
                        auditEntry.AuditProperties.Add(new AuditProperty(propertyName, null, true, property));
                        continue;
                    }

                    switch (entry.State)
                    {
                        case EntityState.Added:
                            entry.Property(AuditableShadowProperties.CreatedDateTime).CurrentValue = now;
                            auditEntry.AuditProperties.Add(new AuditProperty(propertyName, property.CurrentValue, false, property));
                            break;
                        case EntityState.Modified:
                            auditEntry.AuditProperties.Add(new AuditProperty(propertyName, property.CurrentValue, false, property));
                            entry.Property(AuditableShadowProperties.ModifiedDateTime).CurrentValue = now;
                            break;
                    }
                }
            }

            return auditEntries;
        }

        private void OnAfterSaveChanges(IList<AuditEntry> auditEntries)
        {
            foreach (var auditEntry in auditEntries)
            {
                foreach (var auditProperty in auditEntry.AuditProperties.Where(x => x.IsTemporary))
                {
                    // Now we have the auto-generated value from the DB.
                    auditProperty.Value = auditProperty.PropertyEntry.CurrentValue;
                    auditProperty.IsTemporary = false;
                }
                auditEntry.EntityEntry.Property(nameof(IAuditableEntity.Hash)).CurrentValue =
                    auditEntry.AuditProperties.ToDictionary(x => x.Name, x => x.Value).GenerateObjectHash();
            }
            base.SaveChanges();
        }
    }
}

public override int SaveChanges()
{
    var auditEntries = OnBeforeSaveChanges();
    var result = base.SaveChanges();
    OnAfterSaveChanges(auditEntries);
    return result;
}

if (property.IsTemporary)
{
   // It's an auto-generated value and should be retrieved from the DB after calling the base.SaveChanges().
   auditEntry.AuditProperties.Add(new AuditProperty(propertyName, null, true, property));
   continue;
}

private static void CheckRow1IsAuthentic()
{
    using (var context = new BloggingContext())
    {
        var blog1 = context.Blogs.Single(x => x.BlogId == 1);
        var entityHash = context.GenerateEntityHash(blog1, propertyToIgnore: nameof(IAuditableEntity.Hash));
        var dbRowHash = blog1.Hash;
        Console.WriteLine($"entityHash: {entityHash}\ndbRowHash:  {dbRowHash}");
        if (entityHash == dbRowHash)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("This row is authentic!");
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("This row is tampered outside of the application!");
        }
    }
}

entityHash: P110cYquWpoaZuTpCWaqBn6HPSGdoQdmaAN05s1zYqo=
dbRowHash: P110cYquWpoaZuTpCWaqBn6HPSGdoQdmaAN05s1zYqo=
This row is authentic!

entityHash: tdiZhKMJRnROGLLam1WpldA0fy/CbjJaR2Y2jNU9izk=
dbRowHash: P110cYquWpoaZuTpCWaqBn6HPSGdoQdmaAN05s1zYqo=
This row is tampered outside of the application!

var blogs = (from blog in context.Blogs.ToList() // Note: this `ToList()` is necessary here for having Shadow properties values, otherwise they will considered `null`.
             let computedHash = context.GenerateEntityHash(blog, nameof(IAuditableEntity.Hash))
             select new
             {
               blog.BlogId,
               blog.Url,
               RowHash = blog.Hash,
               ComputedHash = computedHash,
               IsAuthentic = blog.Hash == computedHash
             }).ToList();

namespace MinimalBlog.Domain.Model;

public class Author
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string FirstName { get; set; } = default!;
    public string LastName { get; set; } = default!;

    public string FullName => FirstName + " " + LastName;
    public DateTime DateOfBirth { get; set; }
    public string? Bio { get; set; }
}

namespace MinimalBlog.Domain.Model;

public class Article
{
    public Article()
    {
        Categories = new List<Category>();
    }

    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; } = default!;
    public string? Subtitle { get; set; }
    public string Body { get; set; } = default!;

    public int AuthorId { get; set; }
    public Author Author { get; set; } = default!;
    public DateTime DateCreated { get; set; }
    public DateTime LastUpdated { get; set; }
    public int NumberOfLikes { get; set; }
    public int NumberOfShares { get; set; }
    public ICollection<Category> Categories { get; set; }
}

namespace MinimalBlog.Domain.Model;

public class Blog
{
    public Blog()
    {
        Contributors = new List<Author>();
    }

    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; } = default!;
    public string Description { get; set; } = default!;
    public DateTime CreatedDate { get; set; }

    public int AuthorId { get; set; }
    public Author Owner { get; set; } = default!;

    public ICollection<Author> Contributors { get; }
}

namespace MinimalBlog.Domain.Model;

public class Category
{
    public Category()
    {
        Articles = new List<Article>();
    }

    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; } = default!;
    public string Description { get; set; } = default!;
    public ICollection<Article> Articles { get; set; }
}

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\MinimalBlog.Domain\MinimalBlog.Domain.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore" Version="6.0.2" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer" Version="6.0.2" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools" Version="6.0.2">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using MinimalBlog.Domain.Model;

namespace MinimalBlog.Dal;

public class MinimalBlogDbContext : DbContext
{
    public MinimalBlogDbContext(DbContextOptions options) : base(options)
    {
    }

    public DbSet<Article> Articles { get; set; } = default!;
    public DbSet<Category> Categories { get; set; } = default!;
    public DbSet<Author> Authors { get; set; } = default!;
    public DbSet<Blog> Blogs { get; set; } = default!;
}

{
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Information",
      "Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Warning"
    }
  },
  "AllowedHosts": "*",
  "ConnectionStrings": {
    "Default": "Data Source=(localdb)\\MSSQLLocalDB;Initial Catalog=MinimalBlog;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30;Encrypt=False;TrustServerCertificate=False;ApplicationIntent=ReadWrite;MultiSubnetFailover=False"
  }
}

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Swashbuckle.AspNetCore" Version="6.2.3" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore" Version="6.0.2" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer" Version="6.0.2" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools" Version="6.0.2">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\MinimalBlog.Domain\MinimalBlog.Domain.csproj" />
    <ProjectReference Include="..\MinimalBlog.Dal\MinimalBlog.Dal.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using MinimalBlog.Dal;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen();

var connectionString = builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("Default");
builder.Services.AddDbContext<MinimalBlogDbContext>(opt => opt.UseSqlServer(connectionString));

For /f "tokens=2-4 delims=/ " %%a in ('date /t') do (set mydate=%%c_%%a_%%b)
For /f "tokens=1-2 delims=/:" %%a in ("%TIME: =0%") do (set mytime=%%a%%b)
dotnet tool update --global dotnet-ef --version 6.0.2
dotnet build
dotnet ef migrations --startup-project ../MinimalBlog.Api/ add V%mydate%_%mytime% --context MinimalBlogDbContext
pause

[*.cs]
generated_code = true

dotnet tool update --global dotnet-ef --version 6.0.2
dotnet build
dotnet ef --startup-project ../MinimalBlog.Api/ database update --context MinimalBlogDbContext
pause

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.checkPerson(@data XML)
RETURNS BIT WITH SCHEMABINDING AS
BEGIN
   RETURN @data.exist('/people/person')
END
GO

CREATE TABLE tblXML
(
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
doc XML CHECK(dbo.checkPerson(doc)=1)  
)
GO

 INSERT INTO tblXML (id,  doc) VALUES
(
 1, '<people><person name="Vahid"/></people>'
)

INSERT INTO tblXML (id,  doc) VALUES
(
 2, '<people><emp name="Vahid"/></people>'
)

 The INSERT statement conflicted with the CHECK constraint "CK__tblXML__doc__060DEAE8".
The conflict occurred in database "testdb", table "dbo.tblXML", column 'doc'.
The statement has been terminated.

 CREATE TABLE xml_tab
(
 id INT IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
 xml_col  XML
)

 INSERT INTO xml_tab
VALUES ('<people><person name="Vahid"/></people>')
INSERT INTO xml_tab
VALUES ('<people><person name="Farid"/></people>')

 CREATE FUNCTION getIdValue(@doc XML)
RETURNS int WITH SCHEMABINDING AS
BEGIN
  RETURN @doc.value('/*[1]/@Id', 'int')
END

 CREATE TABLE docs_tab
(
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
doc XML,
CONSTRAINT id_chk CHECK(dbo.getIdValue(doc)=id)  
)

 INSERT INTO docs_tab (id,  doc) VALUES
(
 1, '<Invoice Id="1"/>'
)

INSERT INTO docs_tab (id,  doc) VALUES
(
 2, '<Invoice Id="1"/>'
)

 The INSERT statement conflicted with the CHECK constraint "id_chk".
The conflict occurred in database "testdb", table "dbo.docs_tab".
The statement has been terminated.

 CREATE TABLE Invoices
(
 doc XML,
 id AS dbo.getIdValue(doc) PERSISTED PRIMARY KEY
)

 INSERT INTO Invoices VALUES
(
 '<Invoice Id="1"/>'
)
INSERT INTO Invoices VALUES
(
 '<Invoice Id="1"/>'
)

 Violation of PRIMARY KEY constraint 'PK__Invoices__3213E83F145C0A3F'.
Cannot insert duplicate key in object 'dbo.Invoices'. The duplicate key value is (1).
The statement has been terminated.

 DECLARE @doc XML
SET @doc = '<foo bar="baz" />'
SELECT @doc.query('/foo/@bar')

 XQuery [query()]: Attribute may not appear outside of an element

 DECLARE @doc XML
SET @doc = '<foo bar="baz" />'
SELECT @doc.query('data(/foo/@bar)')

 DECLARE @x XML
SET @x = '<x>hello<y>world</y></x><x>again</x>'
SELECT @x.query('data(/*)')

 DECLARE @x XML
SET @x = '<x>hello<y>world</y></x><x>again</x>'
SELECT @x.query('string(/*)')

 XQuery [query()]: 'string()' requires a singleton (or empty sequence), found operand of type 'element(*,xdt:untyped) *'

 SELECT @x.query('string(/*[1])')

 SELECT @x.query('string(/)')

 DECLARE @x XML = '<age>12</age>'
SELECT @x.query('string(/age[1])')

 CREATE XML SCHEMA COLLECTION root_el AS
'<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
                  targetNamespace="urn:geo">
      <xs:element name="Root" type="xs:string" />    
</xs:schema>
'
GO

 DECLARE @xmlDoc XML
SET @xmlDoc = '<g:Root xmlns:g="urn:geo">datadata...</g:Root>'
SELECT @xmlDoc.query('
declare namespace g="urn:geo";
/g:Root/text()
')

 DECLARE @xmlDoc XML(root_el)
SET @xmlDoc = '<g:Root xmlns:g="urn:geo">datadata...</g:Root>'
SELECT @xmlDoc.query('
declare namespace g="urn:geo";
/g:Root[1]/text()
')

 XQuery [query()]: 'text()' is not supported on simple typed or 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyType'
elements, found 'element(g{urn:geo}:Root,xs:string) *'.

 DECLARE @xmlDoc XML(root_el)
SET @xmlDoc = '<g:Root xmlns:g="urn:geo">datadata...</g:Root>'
SELECT @xmlDoc.query('
declare namespace g="urn:geo";
data(/g:Root[1])
')

data(/age/text())

protected override void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext)
{
    // Bail if we can't do anything
    if (filterContext == null)
        return;

    // log
    var ex = filterContext.Exception ??
            new Exception("No further information exists.");
    // save log ex.Message
    
    filterContext.ExceptionHandled = true;

    filterContext.Result = View("ViewName");
    base.OnException(filterContext);
}

protected void Application_Error(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    var error = Server.GetLastError();
    var code = (error is HttpException) ? (error as HttpException).GetHttpCode() : 500;

    if (code != 404)
    {
        // save log error.Message
    }

    Response.Clear();
    Server.ClearError();

    string path = Request.Path;
    Context.RewritePath(string.Format("~/Errors/Http{0}", code), false);
    IHttpHandler httpHandler = new MvcHttpHandler();
    httpHandler.ProcessRequest(Context);
    Context.RewritePath(path, false);
}

public class ErrorsController : Controller
{
    [HttpGet]
    public ActionResult Http404()
    {
        Response.StatusCode = 404;
        return View();
    }

    [HttpGet]
    public ActionResult Http500()
    {
        Response.StatusCode = 500;
        return View();
    }
}

ReactDOM.render(<Counter />, document.getElementById("root"));

import Counters from "./components/counters";

ReactDOM.render(<Counters />, document.getElementById("root"));

import React, { Component } from "react";

import Counter from "./counter";

class Counters extends Component {
  state = {};

  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <Counter />
        <Counter />
        <Counter />
        <Counter />
      </div>
    );
  }
}

export default Counters;

import React, { Component } from "react";
import Counter from "./counter";

class Counters extends Component {
  state = {
    counters: [
      { id: 1, value: 0 },
      { id: 2, value: 0 },
      { id: 3, value: 0 },
      { id: 4, value: 0 }
    ]
  };

  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        {this.state.counters.map(counter => (
          <Counter key={counter.id} />
        ))}
      </div>
    );
  }
}

export default Counters;

  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        {this.state.counters.map(counter => (
          <Counter key={counter.id} value={counter.value} selected={true} />
        ))}
      </div>
    );

class Counter extends Component {
  state = {
    count: 0
  };

  render() {
    console.log("props", this.props);
    //...

class Counter extends Component {
  state = {
    count: this.props.value
  };

  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        {this.state.counters.map(counter => (
          <Counter key={counter.id} value={counter.value} selected={true}>
            <h4>‍Counter #{counter.id}</h4>
          </Counter>
        ))}
      </div>
    );
  }

class Counter extends Component {
  state = {
    count: this.props.value
  };

  handleDelete = () => {
    console.log("handleDelete called.");
  };

<Counter
     key={counter.id}
     value={counter.value}
     selected={true}
     onDelete={this.handleDelete}
/>

<button
  onClick={this.props.onDelete}
  className="btn btn-danger btn-sm m-2"
>
  Delete
</button>

onClick={() => this.props.onDelete(this.props.id)}

<Counter
  key={counter.id}
  value={counter.value}
  selected={true}
  onDelete={this.handleDelete}
  id={counter.id}
/>

  handleDelete = counterId => {
    console.log("handleDelete called.", counterId);
    const counters = this.state.counters.filter(
      counter => counter.id !== counterId
    );
    this.setState({ counters }); // = this.setState({ counters: counters });
  };

<Counter
  key={counter.id}
  counter={counter}
  onDelete={this.handleDelete}
/>

<component type="typeof(App)" render-mode="ServerPrerendered" />

<body>
    <component type="typeof(App)" render-mode="WebAssemblyPrerendered" /> 
    <persist-component-state />
</body>

@page "/"

@implements IDisposable
@inject PersistentComponentState applicationState
@inject IUserRepository userRepository

@foreach(var user in users)
{
    <ShowUserInformation user="@item"></ShowUserInformation>
}

@code {
    private const string cachingKey = "something_unique";
    private List<User> users = new();
    private PersistingComponentStateSubscription persistingSubscription;
    
    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        persistingSubscription = applicationState.RegisterOnPersisting(PersistData);

        if (applicationState.TryTakeFromJson<List<User>>(cachingKey, out var restored))
        {
            users = restored;
        }
        else 
        {
            users = await userRepository.GetAllUsers();
        }
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        persistingSubscription.Dispose();
    }

    private Task PersistData()
    {
        applicationState.PersistAsJson(cachingKey, users);
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }

}

<!--Blazor-Server-Component-State:CfDJXyz->
<!--Blazor-WebAssembly-Component-State:eyJVc2Xyz->

@rendermode renderMode

@code 
{
    private static IComponentRenderMode renderMode = new InteractiveWebAssemblyRenderMode(prerender: false);
}

@implements IDisposable

@inject IProductStore ProductStore
@inject PersistentComponentState PersistentState

<h3>Related products</h3>

@if (_relatedProducts == null)
{
    <p>Loading...</p>
}
else
{
    <div class="mt-3">
        @foreach (var item in _relatedProducts)
        {
            <a href="/ProductDetails/@item.Id">
                <div class="col-sm">
                    <h5 class="mt-0">@item.Title (@item.Price)</h5>
                </div>
            </a>
        }
    </div>
}

@code{

    private const string StateCachingKey = "products";
    private IList<Product>? _relatedProducts;
    private PersistingComponentStateSubscription _persistingSubscription;

    [Parameter]
    public int ProductId { get; set; }

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        _persistingSubscription = PersistentState.RegisterOnPersisting(OnPersistingAsync, RenderMode.InteractiveWebAssembly);

        if (PersistentState.TryTakeFromJson<IList<Product>>(StateCachingKey, out var restored))
        {
            _relatedProducts = restored;
        }
        else
        {
            await Task.Delay(500); // Simulates asynchronous loading
            _relatedProducts = await ProductStore.GetRelatedProducts(ProductId);
        }
    }

    private Task OnPersistingAsync()
    {
        PersistentState.PersistAsJson(StateCachingKey, _relatedProducts);
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        _persistingSubscription.Dispose();
    }

}