using System;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace MvcApplication9.Models
{
    public class Customer
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Name is required.")]
        [StringLength(50)]
        public string Name { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "Email address")]
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Email address is required.")]
        [RegularExpression(@"\w+([-+.']\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*",
                           ErrorMessage = "Please enter a valid email address.")]
        public string Email { set; get; }

        [Range(0, 10)]
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Rating is required.")]
        public double Rating { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "Start date")]
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Start date is required.")]
        public DateTime StartDate { set; get; }
    }
}

using System.Web.Mvc;
using MvcApplication9.Models;

namespace MvcApplication9.Controllers
{
    public class CustomerController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Create()
        {
            var customer = new Customer();
            return View(customer);
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Create(Customer customer)
        {
            if (this.ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                //todo: save data
                return Redirect("/");
            }
            return View(customer);
        }
    }
}

<appSettings>
    <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true"/>

@{ Html.EnableClientValidation(false); }

<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>

@using (Html.BeginForm()) {
    @Html.ValidationSummary(true)
    <fieldset>
        <legend>Customer</legend>

        <div class="editor-label">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name)
        </div>
        <div class="editor-field">
            @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Name)
            @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name)
        </div>

<input data-val="true" data-val-required="The Birthday field is required." id="Birthday" name="Birthday" type="text" value="" />

<script src="../../Scripts/customvaildation.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

using System;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace MvcApplication9.CustomValidators
{
    public class MyDateValidator : ValidationAttribute
    {
        public int MinYear { set; get; }

        public override bool IsValid(object value)
        {
            if (value == null) return false;

            var date = (DateTime)value;
            if (date > DateTime.Now || date < new DateTime(MinYear, 1, 1))
                return false;

            return true;
        }
    }
}

[Display(Name = "Start date")]
[Required(ErrorMessage = "Start date is required.")]
[MyDateValidator(MinYear = 2000,
                         ErrorMessage = "Please enter a valid date.")]
public DateTime StartDate { set; get; }

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using MvcApplication9.CustomValidators;

namespace MvcApplication9.Models
{
    public class Customer : IValidatableObject
    {
        //... same as before

        public IEnumerable<ValidationResult> Validate(ValidationContext validationContext)
        {
            var fields = new[] { "StartDate" };
            if (StartDate > DateTime.Now || StartDate < new DateTime(2000, 1, 1))
                yield return new ValidationResult("Please enter a valid date.", fields);

            if (Rating > 4 && StartDate < new DateTime(2003, 1, 1))
                yield return new ValidationResult("Accepted date should be greater than 2003", fields);
        }
    }
}

protected override ValidationResult IsValid(object value, ValidationContext validationContext)
{
    var info = validationContext.ObjectType.GetProperty("Rating");
    //...
    return ValidationResult.Success;
}

using System;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace MvcApplication9.CustomValidators
{
    public class MyDateValidator : ValidationAttribute, IClientValidatable
    {
       // ... same as before

        public IEnumerable<ModelClientValidationRule> GetClientValidationRules(
                    ModelMetadata metadata, 
                    ControllerContext context)
        {
            var rule = new ModelClientValidationRule
            {
                ValidationType = "mydatevalidator",
                ErrorMessage = FormatErrorMessage(metadata.GetDisplayName())
            };
            yield return rule;
        }
    }
}

/// <reference path="jquery-1.5.1-vsdoc.js" />
/// <reference path="jquery.validate-vsdoc.js" />
/// <reference path="jquery.validate.unobtrusive.js" />

jQuery.validator.addMethod("mydatevalidator",
 function (value, element, param) {
     return Date.parse(value) < new Date();
});

jQuery.validator.unobtrusive.adapters.addBool("mydatevalidator");

<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/customvaildation.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>

1. .field-validation-error
2. .field-validation-valid
3. .input-validation-error
4. .input-validation-valid
5. .validation-summary-errors
6. .validation-summary-valid

[MetadataType(typeof(CustomerMetadata))]
public partial class Customer
{
    class CustomerMetadata
     {

     }
}

public partial class Customer : IValidatableObject
{

[Required(ErrorMessage = "Name is required.")]
[StringLength(50)]
[System.Web.Mvc.Remote(action: "CheckUserNameAndEmail",
                               controller: "Customer",
                               AdditionalFields = "Email",
                               HttpMethod = "POST",
                               ErrorMessage = "Username is not available.")]
public string Name { set; get; }

[HttpPost]
[OutputCache(Location = OutputCacheLocation.None, NoStore = true)]
public ActionResult CheckUserNameAndEmail(string name, string email)
{
      if (name.ToLowerInvariant() == "vahid") return Json(false);
      if (email.ToLowerInvariant() == "name@site.com") return Json(false);
      //...
      return Json(true);
}

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace MvcApplication9.Helper
{
    public static class ValidationHelper
    {
        public static bool TryValidateObject(this object instance)
        {
            return Validator.TryValidateObject(instance, new ValidationContext(instance, null, null), null);
        }
    }
}

using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

builder.Services.AddSingleton<BigCacheConsumer>();
builder.Services.AddSingleton<SmallCacheConsumer>();

builder.Services.AddKeyedSingleton<IMemoryCache, BigCache>("big");
builder.Services.AddKeyedSingleton<IMemoryCache, SmallCache>("small");

var app = builder.Build();

app.MapGet("/big", (BigCacheConsumer data) => data.GetData());
app.MapGet("/small", (SmallCacheConsumer data) => data.GetData());

app.Run();

class BigCacheConsumer([FromKeyedServices("big")] IMemoryCache cache)
{
    public object? GetData() => cache.Get("data");
}

class SmallCacheConsumer(IKeyedServiceProvider keyedServiceProvider)
{
    public object? GetData() => keyedServiceProvider.GetRequiredKeyedService<IMemoryCache>("small");
}

using static System.FormattableString;


var number = 11;
var text = Invariant($"{number}");

internal class Program
{
    private HttpClient _client;
    private Customer _bush, _obama;
    private Phone _whiteHousePhone, _bushMobilePhone, _obamaMobilePhone;
    private HttpResponseMessage _response;

    private static void Main()
    {
        Task t = Run();
        t.Wait();
        Console.WriteLine("\nPress <enter> to continue...");
        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    private static async Task Run()
    {
        var program = new Program();
        program.ServiceSetup();
        // do not proceed until clean-up completes
        await program.CleanupAsync();
        program.CreateFirstCustomer();
        // do not proceed until customer is added
        await program.AddCustomerAsync();
        program.CreateSecondCustomer();
        // do not proceed until customer is added
        await program.AddSecondCustomerAsync();
        // do not proceed until customer is removed
        await program.RemoveFirstCustomerAsync();
        // do not proceed until customers are fetched
        await program.FetchCustomersAsync();
    }

    private void ServiceSetup()
    {
        // set up infrastructure for Web API call
        _client = new HttpClient { BaseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:62799/") };
        // add Accept Header to request Web API content negotiation to return resource in JSON format
        _client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue
        ("application/json"));
    }
    private async Task CleanupAsync()
    {
        // call the cleanup method from the service
        _response = await _client.DeleteAsync("api/customer/cleanup/");
    }

    private void CreateFirstCustomer()
    {
        // create customer #1 and two phone numbers
        _bush = new Customer
        {
            Name = "George Bush",
            Company = "Ex President",
            // set tracking state to 'Add' to generate a SQL Insert statement
            TrackingState = TrackingState.Add,
        };
        _whiteHousePhone = new Phone
        {
            Number = "212 222-2222",
            PhoneType = "White House Red Phone",
            // set tracking state to 'Add' to generate a SQL Insert statement
            TrackingState = TrackingState.Add,
        };
        _bushMobilePhone = new Phone
        {
            Number = "212 333-3333",
            PhoneType = "Bush Mobile Phone",
            // set tracking state to 'Add' to generate a SQL Insert statement
            TrackingState = TrackingState.Add,
        };
        _bush.Phones.Add(_whiteHousePhone);
        _bush.Phones.Add(_bushMobilePhone);
    }

    private async Task AddCustomerAsync()
    {
        // construct call to invoke UpdateCustomer action method in Web API service
        _response = await _client.PostAsync("api/customer/updatecustomer/", _bush, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());
        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            // capture newly created customer entity from service, which will include
            // database-generated Ids for all entities
            _bush = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<Customer>();
            _whiteHousePhone = _bush.Phones.FirstOrDefault(x => x.CustomerId == _bush.CustomerId);
            _bushMobilePhone = _bush.Phones.FirstOrDefault(x => x.CustomerId == _bush.CustomerId);
            Console.WriteLine("Successfully created Customer {0} and {1} Phone Numbers(s)",
            _bush.Name, _bush.Phones.Count);
            foreach (var phoneType in _bush.Phones)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Added Phone Type: {0}", phoneType.PhoneType);
            }
        }
        else
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)_response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
    }

    private void CreateSecondCustomer()
    {
        // create customer #2 and phone numbers
        _obama = new Customer
        {
            Name = "Barack Obama",
            Company = "President",
            // set tracking state to 'Add' to generate a SQL Insert statement
            TrackingState = TrackingState.Add,
        };
        _obamaMobilePhone = new Phone
        {
            Number = "212 444-4444",
            PhoneType = "Obama Mobile Phone",
            // set tracking state to 'Add' to generate a SQL Insert statement
            TrackingState = TrackingState.Add,
        };
        // set tracking state to 'Modifed' to generate a SQL Update statement
        _whiteHousePhone.TrackingState = TrackingState.Update;
        _obama.Phones.Add(_obamaMobilePhone);
        _obama.Phones.Add(_whiteHousePhone);
    }

    private async Task AddSecondCustomerAsync()
    {
        // construct call to invoke UpdateCustomer action method in Web API service
        _response = await _client.PostAsync("api/customer/updatecustomer/", _obama, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());
        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            // capture newly created customer entity from service, which will include
            // database-generated Ids for all entities
            _obama = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<Customer>();
            _whiteHousePhone = _bush.Phones.FirstOrDefault(x => x.CustomerId == _obama.CustomerId);
            _bushMobilePhone = _bush.Phones.FirstOrDefault(x => x.CustomerId == _obama.CustomerId);
            Console.WriteLine("Successfully created Customer {0} and {1} Phone Numbers(s)",
            _obama.Name, _obama.Phones.Count);
            foreach (var phoneType in _obama.Phones)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Added Phone Type: {0}", phoneType.PhoneType);
            }
        }
        else
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)_response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
    }

    private async Task RemoveFirstCustomerAsync()
    {
        // remove George Bush from underlying data store.
        // first, fetch George Bush entity, demonstrating a call to the
        // get action method on the service while passing a parameter
        var query = "api/customer/" + _bush.CustomerId;
        _response = _client.GetAsync(query).Result;

        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            _bush = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<Customer>();
            // set tracking state to 'Remove' to generate a SQL Delete statement
            _bush.TrackingState = TrackingState.Remove;
            // must also remove bush's mobile number -- must delete child before removing parent
            foreach (var phoneType in _bush.Phones)
            {
                // set tracking state to 'Remove' to generate a SQL Delete statement
                phoneType.TrackingState = TrackingState.Remove;
            }
            // construct call to remove Bush from underlying database table
            _response = await _client.PostAsync("api/customer/updatecustomer/", _bush, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());
            if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Removed {0} from database", _bush.Name);
                foreach (var phoneType in _bush.Phones)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Remove {0} from data store", phoneType.PhoneType);
                }
            }
            else
                Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)_response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)_response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
        }
    }

    private async Task FetchCustomersAsync()
    {
        // finally, return remaining customers from underlying data store
        _response = await _client.GetAsync("api/customer/");
        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            var customers = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<Customer>>();
            foreach (var customer in customers)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Customer {0} has {1} Phone Numbers(s)",
                customer.Name, customer.Phones.Count());
                foreach (var phoneType in customer.Phones)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Phone Type: {0}", phoneType.PhoneType);
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)_response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
        }
    }
}

        public class LanguageRouteConstraint : IRouteConstraint
    {
        public bool Match(HttpContext httpContext, IRouter route, string routeKey, RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection)
        {
            if (!values.ContainsKey("lang"))
            {
                return false;
            }
            var lang = values["lang"].ToString();
            var result = lang == "fa" || lang == "en";
            return result;
        }
    }  

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddLocalization(o => o.ResourcesPath = "Resources");
            services.Configure<RouteOptions>(options =>
            {
                options.ConstraintMap.Add("lang", typeof(LanguageRouteConstraint));
            });

            services.AddMvc()
                .SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2)
                .AddViewLocalization(LanguageViewLocationExpanderFormat.Suffix)
                .AddDataAnnotationsLocalization();

        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            
            app.UseRequestLocalization(new RequestLocalizationOptions
            {
                DefaultRequestCulture = new RequestCulture(new CultureInfo("fa-IR")),
                SupportedCultures = new[]
                {
                    new CultureInfo("en-US"),
                    new CultureInfo("fa-IR"),
                },
                SupportedUICultures = new[]
                {
                    new CultureInfo("en-US"),
                    new CultureInfo("fa-IR"),
                },
                RequestCultureProviders = new List<IRequestCultureProvider>()
                {
                    new RouteDataRequestCultureProvider()
                    {
                        UIRouteDataStringKey = "lang",
                        RouteDataStringKey = "lang"
                    }
                }
            });

            app.UseMvc(routes =>
            {
                routes.MapRoute(
                    name: "LocalizedAreas",
                    template: "{lang:lang}/{area:exists}/{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");

                routes.MapRoute(
                    name: "LocalizedDefault",
                    template: "{lang:lang}/{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}"
                );
                routes.MapRoute(
                    name: "default",
                    template: "{*catchall}",
                    defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "RedirectToDefaultLanguage" });
            });

mkdir ps_cmdlet_with_csharp && cd "$_"
dotnet new classlib
dotnet add package PowerShellStandard.Library
mv Class1.cs GetHelloCommand.cs

namespace ps_cmdlet_with_csharp;
using System.Management.Automation;

[Cmdlet(VerbsCommon.Get, "Hello")]
public class GetHelloCommand : PSCmdlet
{
    [Parameter(Mandatory = true, Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = true)]
    public string Name { get; set; }
    protected override void BeginProcessing()
    {
        WriteObject("Start processing");
    }
    protected override void ProcessRecord()
    {
        WriteObject("Hello " + Name);
    }
    protected override void EndProcessing()
    {
        WriteObject("End processing");
    }
}

using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Management.Automation.Host;

namespace System.Management.Automation
{
    public abstract class PSCmdlet : Cmdlet
    {
        protected PSCmdlet();

        public PSEventManager Events { get; }
        public PSHost Host { get; }
        public CommandInvocationIntrinsics InvokeCommand { get; }
        public ProviderIntrinsics InvokeProvider { get; }
        public JobManager JobManager { get; }
        public JobRepository JobRepository { get; }
        public InvocationInfo MyInvocation { get; }
        public PagingParameters PagingParameters { get; }
        public string ParameterSetName { get; }
        public SessionState SessionState { get; }

        public PathInfo CurrentProviderLocation(string providerId);
        public Collection<string> GetResolvedProviderPathFromPSPath(string path, out ProviderInfo provider);
        public string GetUnresolvedProviderPathFromPSPath(string path);
        public object GetVariableValue(string name);
        public object GetVariableValue(string name, object defaultValue);
    }
}

PS /> dotnet build
PS /> Import-Module ./bin/Debug/net7.0/ps_cmdlet_with_csharp.dll

PS /> Get-Command -Module ps_cmdlet_with_csharp

CommandType     Name                                               Version    Source
-----------     ----                                               -------    ------
Cmdlet          Get-Hello                                          1.0.0.0    ps_cmdlet_with_csharp

namespace ps_cmdlet_with_csharp;
using System.Management.Automation;

[Cmdlet(VerbsCommon.Get, "Hello")]
public class GetHelloCommand : PSCmdlet
{
    // as before
}

[Cmdlet(VerbsCommon.Get, "Greetings")]
public class GetGreetingsCommand : PSCmdlet
{
    [Parameter(Mandatory = true, Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = true)]
    public string Name { get; set; }
    protected override void BeginProcessing()
    {
        WriteObject("Start processing");
    }
    protected override void ProcessRecord()
    {
        WriteObject("Greetings " + Name);
    }
    protected override void EndProcessing()
    {
        WriteObject("End processing");
    }
}

Import-Module: Invalid assembly public key.

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

  <!-- other tags -->

  <ItemGroup>
    <Compile Include="./GetHelloCommand.cs" />
  </ItemGroup>

</Project>

PS /> Get-Command -Module ps_cmdlet_with_csharp

CommandType     Name                                               Version    Source
-----------     ----                                               -------    ------
Cmdlet          Get-Greetings                                      1.0.0.0    ps_cmdlet_with_csharp
Cmdlet          Get-Hello                                          1.0.0.0    ps_cmdlet_with_csharp