static async Task CheckTaskStatus()
{
   var task = DummyWeatherProvider.Get("Stockholm");
    LogTaskStatus(task.Status);
    await task;
    LogTaskStatus(task.Status);
}

static void LogTaskStatus(TaskStatus status)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Task Status: {Enum.GetName(typeof(TaskStatus), status)}");
}

public class WeatherService
{
    private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, Weather> _cache;
    public WeatherService()
    {
        _cache = new();
    }

    public async Task<Weather> GetWeatherTask(string city)
    {
        if (!_cache.ContainsKey(city))
        {
            var weather = await DummyWeatherProvider.Get(city);
            _cache.TryAdd(city, weather);
        }
        return _cache[city];
    }

    public async ValueTask<Weather> GetWeatherValueTask(string city)
    {
        if (!_cache.ContainsKey(city))
        {
            var weather = await DummyWeatherProvider.Get(city);
            _cache.TryAdd(city, weather);
        }
        return _cache[city];   
  }

[MemoryDiagnoser]
public class TaskAndValueTaskBenchmark
{
    private readonly WeatherService _weatherService;
    public TaskAndValueTaskBenchmark()
    {
        _weatherService = new();
    }
    
    [Benchmark]
    [Arguments("Denver")]
    public async Task<Weather> TaskBenchmark(string city)
    {
        return await _weatherService.GetWeatherTask(city);
    }

    [Benchmark]
    [Arguments("London")]
    public async ValueTask<Weather> ValueTaskBenchmark(string city)
    {
        return await _weatherService.GetWeatherValueTask(city);
    }
}

protected override async Task HandleRequirementAsync(
   AuthorizationHandlerContext context,
   DynamicPermissionRequirement requirement)
{
    if (!(context.Resource is AuthorizationFilterContext mvcContext))
    {
      return;
    }

    var actionDescriptor = mvcContext.ActionDescriptor;
    actionDescriptor.RouteValues.TryGetValue("area", out var areaName);
    var area = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(areaName) ? string.Empty : areaName;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing;

namespace ASPNETCoreIdentitySample.Services.Identity
{
    public class DynamicPermissionsAuthorizationHandler : AuthorizationHandler<DynamicPermissionRequirement>
    {
        private readonly IHttpContextAccessor _httpContextAccessor;

        public DynamicPermissionsAuthorizationHandler(IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor)
        {
            _httpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(httpContextAccessor));
        }

        protected override async Task HandleRequirementAsync(
             AuthorizationHandlerContext context,
             DynamicPermissionRequirement requirement)
        {
            var routeData = _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext.GetRouteData();

            var areaName = routeData?.Values["area"]?.ToString();
            var area = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(areaName) ? string.Empty : areaName;

using System;

namespace GenericsSample
{
    class TestGenerics
    {
        public static void Print<T>(T data)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Print<T>");
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var type = typeof(Nullable<int>);
            TestGenerics.Print<type>(1);
        }
    }
}

using System;

namespace GenericsSample
{
    class TestGenerics
    {
        public static void Print<T>(T data)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Print<T>");
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var nullableIntType = typeof(Nullable<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(int));
            var method = typeof(TestGenerics).GetMethod("Print");
            var genericMethod = method.MakeGenericMethod(new[] { nullableIntType });
            genericMethod.Invoke(null, new object[] { 1 });
        }
    }
}

class TestGenerics
{
    public static void Print<T>(T data)
    {
         Console.WriteLine("Print<T>");
    }

    public static void Print(object data)
    {
         Console.WriteLine("Print");
    }
}

using System;
using System.Linq;

namespace GenericsSample
{
    class TestGenerics
    {
        public static void Print<T>(T data)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Print<T>");
        }

        public static void Print(object data)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Print");
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var nullableIntType = typeof(Nullable<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(int));
            var method = typeof(TestGenerics).GetMethods()
                         .First(x => x.Name == "Print" && (x.GetParameters()[0]).ParameterType.IsGenericParameter);
            var genericMethod = method.MakeGenericMethod(new[] { nullableIntType });
            genericMethod.Invoke(null, new object[] { 1 });
        }
    }
}

public static bool TryGetNonEnumeratedCount(this IEnumerable<T> source, out int count);

if (movies.TryGetNonEnumeratedCount(out int count))
{
    Console.WriteLine($"The count is {count}");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("Could not get a count of movies without enumerating the collection");
}

using System;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace MvcApplication9.Models
{
    public class Customer
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Name is required.")]
        [StringLength(50)]
        public string Name { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "Email address")]
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Email address is required.")]
        [RegularExpression(@"\w+([-+.']\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*",
                           ErrorMessage = "Please enter a valid email address.")]
        public string Email { set; get; }

        [Range(0, 10)]
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Rating is required.")]
        public double Rating { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "Start date")]
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Start date is required.")]
        public DateTime StartDate { set; get; }
    }
}

using System.Web.Mvc;
using MvcApplication9.Models;

namespace MvcApplication9.Controllers
{
    public class CustomerController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Create()
        {
            var customer = new Customer();
            return View(customer);
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Create(Customer customer)
        {
            if (this.ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                //todo: save data
                return Redirect("/");
            }
            return View(customer);
        }
    }
}

<appSettings>
    <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true"/>

@{ Html.EnableClientValidation(false); }

<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>

@using (Html.BeginForm()) {
    @Html.ValidationSummary(true)
    <fieldset>
        <legend>Customer</legend>

        <div class="editor-label">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name)
        </div>
        <div class="editor-field">
            @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Name)
            @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name)
        </div>

<input data-val="true" data-val-required="The Birthday field is required." id="Birthday" name="Birthday" type="text" value="" />

<script src="../../Scripts/customvaildation.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

using System;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace MvcApplication9.CustomValidators
{
    public class MyDateValidator : ValidationAttribute
    {
        public int MinYear { set; get; }

        public override bool IsValid(object value)
        {
            if (value == null) return false;

            var date = (DateTime)value;
            if (date > DateTime.Now || date < new DateTime(MinYear, 1, 1))
                return false;

            return true;
        }
    }
}

[Display(Name = "Start date")]
[Required(ErrorMessage = "Start date is required.")]
[MyDateValidator(MinYear = 2000,
                         ErrorMessage = "Please enter a valid date.")]
public DateTime StartDate { set; get; }

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using MvcApplication9.CustomValidators;

namespace MvcApplication9.Models
{
    public class Customer : IValidatableObject
    {
        //... same as before

        public IEnumerable<ValidationResult> Validate(ValidationContext validationContext)
        {
            var fields = new[] { "StartDate" };
            if (StartDate > DateTime.Now || StartDate < new DateTime(2000, 1, 1))
                yield return new ValidationResult("Please enter a valid date.", fields);

            if (Rating > 4 && StartDate < new DateTime(2003, 1, 1))
                yield return new ValidationResult("Accepted date should be greater than 2003", fields);
        }
    }
}

protected override ValidationResult IsValid(object value, ValidationContext validationContext)
{
    var info = validationContext.ObjectType.GetProperty("Rating");
    //...
    return ValidationResult.Success;
}

using System;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace MvcApplication9.CustomValidators
{
    public class MyDateValidator : ValidationAttribute, IClientValidatable
    {
       // ... same as before

        public IEnumerable<ModelClientValidationRule> GetClientValidationRules(
                    ModelMetadata metadata, 
                    ControllerContext context)
        {
            var rule = new ModelClientValidationRule
            {
                ValidationType = "mydatevalidator",
                ErrorMessage = FormatErrorMessage(metadata.GetDisplayName())
            };
            yield return rule;
        }
    }
}

/// <reference path="jquery-1.5.1-vsdoc.js" />
/// <reference path="jquery.validate-vsdoc.js" />
/// <reference path="jquery.validate.unobtrusive.js" />

jQuery.validator.addMethod("mydatevalidator",
 function (value, element, param) {
     return Date.parse(value) < new Date();
});

jQuery.validator.unobtrusive.adapters.addBool("mydatevalidator");

<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/customvaildation.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>

1. .field-validation-error
2. .field-validation-valid
3. .input-validation-error
4. .input-validation-valid
5. .validation-summary-errors
6. .validation-summary-valid

[MetadataType(typeof(CustomerMetadata))]
public partial class Customer
{
    class CustomerMetadata
     {

     }
}

public partial class Customer : IValidatableObject
{

[Required(ErrorMessage = "Name is required.")]
[StringLength(50)]
[System.Web.Mvc.Remote(action: "CheckUserNameAndEmail",
                               controller: "Customer",
                               AdditionalFields = "Email",
                               HttpMethod = "POST",
                               ErrorMessage = "Username is not available.")]
public string Name { set; get; }

[HttpPost]
[OutputCache(Location = OutputCacheLocation.None, NoStore = true)]
public ActionResult CheckUserNameAndEmail(string name, string email)
{
      if (name.ToLowerInvariant() == "vahid") return Json(false);
      if (email.ToLowerInvariant() == "name@site.com") return Json(false);
      //...
      return Json(true);
}

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace MvcApplication9.Helper
{
    public static class ValidationHelper
    {
        public static bool TryValidateObject(this object instance)
        {
            return Validator.TryValidateObject(instance, new ValidationContext(instance, null, null), null);
        }
    }
}

new SendMsg().ShowMsg(
                    new AlertConfirmBoxModel
                    {
                        ErrorTitle = "خطای اعتبار سنجی",
                        Errors = errors,
                    }, validationException);

public class DomainResult
    {
        public bool Succeed { get; set; }
        public IEnumerable<Exception> Errors { get; set; }
        public DomainErrorType ErrorType { get; set; }
    }
    public enum DomainErrorType
    {
        Validation, Concurrency, Update
    }

public DomainResult ApplyAllChanges(string userName, bool updateAuditFields = true) ...

public string Sum(int a,int b)
{
    return (a + b).ToString();
}

@using MvcTest.Controllers;
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Home Page";
}
   
<h1>
    @ViewBag.SumFunc(7,8)
</h1>
<h1>
    @ViewBag.SumFunc2(9, 10)
</h1>
<h1>
    @ViewBag.SumFunc3(5, 1)
</h1>
<h1>
    @ViewBag.SumFunc4(2, 3)
</h1>