_identityVerifier.Initialize();
var isValidIdentity = _identityVerifier.Validate(
     application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address);

_creditScorer.CalculateScore(application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Address);
if (_creditScorer.Score < MinimumCreditScore)
{
    return application.IsAccepted;
}

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface ICreditScorer
    {
        int Score { get; }

        void CalculateScore(string applicantName, string applicantAddress);
    }
}

var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();
mockCreditScorer.Setup(x => x.Score).Returns(110_000);

namespace Loans.Models
{
    public class ScoreResult
    {
        public ScoreValue ScoreValue { get; }
    }

    public class ScoreValue
    {
        public int Score { get; }
    }
}

using Loans.Models;

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface ICreditScorer
    {
        int Score { get; }

        void CalculateScore(string applicantName, string applicantAddress);
        
        ScoreResult ScoreResult { get; }
    }
}

//if (_creditScorer.Score < MinimumCreditScore)
if (_creditScorer.ScoreResult.ScoreValue.Score < MinimumCreditScore)

var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();
mockCreditScorer.Setup(x => x.Score).Returns(110_000);

var mockScoreValue = new Mock<ScoreValue>();
mockScoreValue.Setup(x => x.Score).Returns(110_000);

var mockScoreResult = new Mock<ScoreResult>();
mockScoreResult.Setup(x => x.ScoreValue).Returns(mockScoreValue.Object);

mockCreditScorer.Setup(x => x.ScoreResult).Returns(mockScoreResult.Object);

Test method Loans.Tests.LoanApplicationProcessorShould.Accept threw exception:
System.NotSupportedException: Unsupported expression: x => x.Score
Non-overridable members (here: ScoreValue.get_Score) may not be used in setup / verification expressions.

namespace Loans.Models
{
    public class ScoreResult
    {
        public virtual ScoreValue ScoreValue { get; }
    }

    public class ScoreValue
    {
        public virtual int Score { get; }
    }
}

mockCreditScorer.Setup(x => x.ScoreResult.ScoreValue.Score).Returns(110_000);

var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer> { DefaultValue = DefaultValue.Mock };

using Loans.Models;

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface ICreditScorer
    {
        int Score { get; }

        void CalculateScore(string applicantName, string applicantAddress);
        
        ScoreResult ScoreResult { get; }
        
        int Count { get; set; }
    }
}

_creditScorer.CalculateScore(application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Address);
_creditScorer.Count++;

Assert.AreEqual(1, mockCreditScorer.Object.Count);

mockCreditScorer.SetupProperty(x => x.Count);

mockCreditScorer.SetupProperty(x => x.Count, 10);

mockCreditScorer.SetupAllProperties();

    public static class IoC
    {  
        public static IContainer Initialize()
        {
            var container = new Container(x =>
            {

               x.For<IUnitOfWork>().HybridHttpOrThreadLocalScoped().Use(() => new baranDbContext());
                x.For<IUserService>().Use<UserService>();
                x.For<IUserMetaDataService>().Use<UserMetaDataService>();
            });

            return container;
        }
        public class StructureMapControllerFactory : DefaultControllerFactory
        {
            private readonly IContainer _container;

            public StructureMapControllerFactory(IContainer container)
            {
                _container = container;
            }
            protected override IController GetControllerInstance(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType)
            {
                if (controllerType == null)
                    return null;

                return (IController)_container.GetInstance(controllerType);
            }
        }
} 

var userService = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<IUserService>();

public class Customer
{
    public Customer()
    {
        Orders = new ObservableCollection<Order>();
    }
    public Guid Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Family { get; set; }

    public string FullName
    {
        get
        {
            return Name + " " + Family;
        }
    }

    public virtual IList<Order> Orders { get; set; }
}

public class Product
{
    public Product()
    {
    }

    public Guid Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Price { get; set; }
}
public class OrderDetail
{
    public Guid Id { get; set; }
    public Guid ProductId { get; set; }
    public int Count { get; set; }
    public Guid OrderId { get; set; }
    public int Price { get; set; }

    public virtual Order Order { get; set; }
    public virtual Product Product { get; set; }

    public string ProductName
    {
        get
        {
            return Product != null ? Product.Name : string.Empty;
        }
    }
}

public class Order
{
    public Order()
    {
        OrderDetail = new ObservableCollection<OrderDetail>();
    }
    public Guid Id { get; set; }
    public DateTime Date { get; set; }

    public Guid CustomerId { get; set; }
    public virtual Customer Customer { get; set; }
    public virtual IList<OrderDetail> OrderDetail { get; set; }

    public string CustomerFullName
    {
        get
        {
            return Customer == null ? string.Empty : Customer.FullName;
        }
    }

    public int TotalPrice
    {
        get
        {
            if (OrderDetail == null)
                return 0;

            return
                OrderDetail.Where(orderdetail => orderdetail.Product != null)
                .Sum(orderdetail => orderdetail.Price*orderdetail.Count);
        }
    }
}

public class CustomerConfiguration : EntityTypeConfiguration<Customer>
{
    public CustomerConfiguration()
    {
        HasKey(c => c.Id);
        Property(c => c.Id).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);
    }
}
public class ProductConfiguration : EntityTypeConfiguration<Product>
{
    public ProductConfiguration()
    {
        HasKey(p => p.Id);
        Property(p => p.Id).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);
    }
}
public class OrderDetailConfiguration : EntityTypeConfiguration<OrderDetail>
{
    public OrderDetailConfiguration()
    {
        HasKey(od => od.Id);
        Property(od => od.Id).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);
    }
}
public class OrderConfiguration: EntityTypeConfiguration<Order>
{
    public OrderConfiguration()
    {
        HasKey(o => o.Id);
        Property(o => o.Id).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);
    }
}

public class StoreDbContext : DbContext
{
    public StoreDbContext()
        : base("name=StoreDb")
    {
    }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new CustomerConfiguration());
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new OrderConfiguration());
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new OrderDetailConfiguration());
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new ProductConfiguration());
    }

    public DbSet<Customer> Customers { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Product> Products { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Order> Orders { get; set; }
    public DbSet<OrderDetail> OrderDetails { get; set; }
}

public class MyTestDb : DropCreateDatabaseAlways<StoreDbContext>
{
    protected override void Seed(StoreDbContext context)
    {
        var customer1 = new Customer { Name = "Vahid", Family = "Nasiri" };
        var customer2 = new Customer { Name = "Mohsen", Family = "Jamshidi" };
        var customer3 = new Customer { Name = "Mohsen", Family = "Akbari" };

        var product1 = new Product {Name = "CPU", Price = 350000};
        var product2 = new Product {Name = "Monitor", Price = 500000};
        var product3 = new Product {Name = "Keyboard", Price = 30000};
        var product4 = new Product {Name = "Mouse", Price = 20000};
        var product5 = new Product {Name = "Power", Price = 70000};
        var product6 = new Product {Name = "Hard", Price = 250000};

        var order1 = new Order
        {
            Customer = customer1, Date = new DateTime(2013, 1, 1),
            OrderDetail = new List<OrderDetail>
            {
                new OrderDetail {Product = product1, Count = 1, Price = product1.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product2, Count = 1, Price = product2.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product3, Count = 1, Price = product3.Price},
            }
        };

        var order2 = new Order
        {
            Customer = customer1,
            Date = new DateTime(2013, 1, 5),
            OrderDetail = new List<OrderDetail>
            {
                new OrderDetail {Product = product1, Count = 2, Price = product1.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product3, Count = 4, Price = product3.Price},
            }
        };

        var order3 = new Order
        {
            Customer = customer1,
            Date = new DateTime(2013, 1, 9),
            OrderDetail = new List<OrderDetail>
            {
                new OrderDetail {Product = product1, Count = 4, Price = product1.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product3, Count = 5, Price = product3.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product5, Count = 6, Price = product5.Price},
            }
        };

        var order4 = new Order
        {
            Customer = customer2,
            Date = new DateTime(2013, 1, 9),
            OrderDetail = new List<OrderDetail>
            {
                new OrderDetail {Product = product4, Count = 1, Price = product4.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product3, Count = 1, Price = product3.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product6, Count = 1, Price = product6.Price},
            }
        };

        var order5 = new Order
        {
            Customer = customer2,
            Date = new DateTime(2013, 1, 12),
            OrderDetail = new List<OrderDetail>
            {
                new OrderDetail {Product = product4, Count = 1, Price = product4.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product5, Count = 2, Price = product5.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product6, Count = 5, Price = product6.Price},
            }
        };

        context.Customers.Add(customer3);

        context.Orders.Add(order1);
        context.Orders.Add(order2);
        context.Orders.Add(order3);
        context.Orders.Add(order4);
        context.Orders.Add(order5);

        context.SaveChanges();
    }

Database.SetInitializer(new MyTestDb());

<connectionStrings>
    <add name="StoreDb" connectionString="Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;
Initial Catalog=StoreDBTest;Integrated Security = true" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
</connectionStrings>

using (var context = new StoreDbContext())
{
    var query = context.Customers;

    foreach (var customer in query)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Customer Name: {0}, Customer Family: {1}", 
                                  customer.Name, customer.Family);
    }
}

Customer Name: Vahid, Customer Family: Nasiri
Customer Name: Mohsen, Customer Family: Jamshidi
Customer Name: Mohsen, Customer Family: Akbari

var customers = context.Customers.ToList();

private static void Query3()
{
    using (var context = new StoreDbContext())
    {
        var methodSyntaxquery = context.Customers
                   .Where(c => c.Name == "Mohsen");
        var sqlSyntaxquery = from c in context.Customers
                             where c.Name == "Mohsen"
                             select c;

        foreach (var customer in methodSyntaxquery)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Customer Name: {0}, Customer Family: {1}", 
                                      customer.Name, customer.Family);
        }
    }

    // Output:
    // Customer Name: Mohsen, Customer Family: Jamshidi
    // Customer Name: Mohsen, Customer Family: Akbari
}

1. داده‌های موجود در حافظه را بررسی می‌کند یعنی آنهایی که Load و یا Attach شده اند.
   
2. داده هایی که به DbContext اضافه (Add) ولی هنوز در database درج نشده اند.
   
3. داده هایی که در database هستند ولی هنوز Load نشده اند.
   

[Authorize(Roles = ConstantRoles.Admin)]
public class RolesManagerController : Controller

[Authorize(Policy="RequireAdministratorRole")]
public IActionResult Get()
{
   /* .. */
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddMvc();
services.AddAuthorization(options =>
    {
        options.AddPolicy("RequireAdministratorRole", policy => policy.RequireRole("Admin"));
    });
}

 [Authorize(Roles = "Administrator, PowerUser, BackupAdministrator")]

options.AddPolicy("ElevatedRights", policy => policy.RequireRole("Administrator", "PowerUser", "BackupAdministrator"));

[Authorize(Policy = "ElevatedRights")]
public IActionResult Shutdown()
{
   return View();
}

services.AddAuthorization(options =>
{
   options.AddPolicy("EmployeeOnly", policy => policy.RequireClaim("EmployeeNumber"));
});

[Authorize(Policy = "EmployeeOnly")]
public IActionResult VacationBalance()
{
   return View();
}

public class DynamicPermissionRequirement : IAuthorizationRequirement
{
}

    public class DynamicPermissionsAuthorizationHandler : AuthorizationHandler<DynamicPermissionRequirement>
    {
        private readonly ISecurityTrimmingService _securityTrimmingService;

        public DynamicPermissionsAuthorizationHandler(ISecurityTrimmingService securityTrimmingService)
        {
            _securityTrimmingService = securityTrimmingService;
            _securityTrimmingService.CheckArgumentIsNull(nameof(_securityTrimmingService));
        }

        protected override Task HandleRequirementAsync(
             AuthorizationHandlerContext context,
             DynamicPermissionRequirement requirement)
        {
            var mvcContext = context.Resource as AuthorizationFilterContext;
            if (mvcContext == null)
            {
                return Task.CompletedTask;
            }

            var actionDescriptor = mvcContext.ActionDescriptor;
            var area = actionDescriptor.RouteValues["area"];
            var controller = actionDescriptor.RouteValues["controller"];
            var action = actionDescriptor.RouteValues["action"];

            if(_securityTrimmingService.CanCurrentUserAccess(area, controller, action))
            {
                context.Succeed(requirement);
            }
            else
            {
                context.Fail();
            }

            return Task.CompletedTask;
        }
    }

        private static void addDynamicPermissionsPolicy(this IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddScoped<IAuthorizationHandler, DynamicPermissionsAuthorizationHandler>();
            services.AddAuthorization(opts =>
            {
                opts.AddPolicy(
                    name: ConstantPolicies.DynamicPermission,
                    configurePolicy: policy =>
                    {
                        policy.RequireAuthenticatedUser();
                        policy.Requirements.Add(new DynamicPermissionRequirement());
                    });
            });
        }

[Authorize(Policy = ConstantPolicies.DynamicPermission)]
[DisplayName("کنترلر نمونه با سطح دسترسی پویا")]
public class DynamicPermissionsSampleController : Controller

public interface IMvcActionsDiscoveryService
{
    ICollection<MvcControllerViewModel> MvcControllers { get; }
    ICollection<MvcControllerViewModel> GetAllSecuredControllerActionsWithPolicy(string policyName);
}

 [Authorize(Policy = ConstantPolicies.DynamicPermission)]

 return user.HasClaim(claim => claim.Type == ConstantPolicies.DynamicPermissionClaimType &&
claim.Value == currentClaimValue);

        public override void Process(TagHelperContext context, TagHelperOutput output)
        {
            context.CheckArgumentIsNull(nameof(context));
            output.CheckArgumentIsNull(nameof(output));

            // don't render the <security-trimming> tag.
            output.TagName = null;

            if(_securityTrimmingService.CanCurrentUserAccess(Area, Controller, Action))
            {
                // fine, do nothing.
                return;
            }

            // else, suppress the output and generate nothing.
            output.SuppressOutput();
        }

            <security-trimming asp-area="" asp-controller="DynamicPermissionsTest" asp-action="Products">
                <li>
                    <a asp-controller="DynamicPermissionsTest" asp-action="Products" asp-area="">
                        <span class="left5 fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></span>
                        گزارش از لیست محصولات
                    </a>
                </li>
            </security-trimming>

 var ticketStore = provider.GetService<ITicketStore>();
identityOptionsCookies.ApplicationCookie.SessionStore = ticketStore; // To manage large identity cookies

public class DataAccessSetupDependency : Autofac.Module
    {
        protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder builder)
        {
            base.Load(builder);
            builder.RegisterType<EFContext>().As<IDbContext>();
            builder.RegisterType<UnitOfWork>().As<IUnitOfWork>();
            builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly())
             .Where(x => x.Namespace.EndsWith("Repositories"))
             .AsImplementedInterfaces();
        }
    }

public class BusinessSetupDependency : Autofac.Module
    {
        protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder builder)
        {
            base.Load(builder);

            builder.RegisterAssemblyModules(typeof(SqlServerDataAccess.SetupDependencies.DataAccessSetupDependency).Assembly);

            //builder.RegisterAssemblyModules(typeof(CassandraDataAccess.SetupDependecies.SetupDependency).Assembly);

            builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly())
           .Where(x => x.Namespace.EndsWith("Business.Core"))
           .AsImplementedInterfaces();

            builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly())
            .Where(x => x.Namespace.EndsWith("Business.Businesses"))
            .AsImplementedInterfaces();
        }
    }

public class WebSetupDependency : Autofac.Module
    {
        protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder builder)
        {
            base.Load(builder);
            builder.RegisterAssemblyModules(typeof(Business.SetupDependencies.BusinessSetupDependency).Assembly);
            builder.RegisterControllers(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
            //سایر تنظیمات
            var container = builder.Build();
            CommonDependencyResolver.SetContainer(container);
            DependencyResolver.SetResolver(new AutofacDependencyResolver(container));

        }
    }
 public class AutofacConfig
    {
        public static void SetupContainer()
        {
             var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
            builder.RegisterAssemblyModules(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
            var container = builder.Build();
            CommonDependencyResolver.SetContainer(container);
            DependencyResolver.SetResolver(new AutofacDependencyResolver(container));
        }
    }

var query = from word in list
where word.StartsWith("a")
select word;

 String word;

object[] ints = new object[] { 1, 2, 3 };
           var query = from num in ints
                        where num < 3
                        select num;

namespace KendoUI11.Models
{
    public class BlogComment
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
 
        public string Body { set; get; }
 
        public int? ParentId { get; set; }
 
        // مخصوص کندو یو آی هستند
        public bool HasChildren { get; set; }
        public string imageUrl { get; set; }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
 
namespace KendoUI11.Models
{
    /// <summary>
    /// منبع داده فرضی جهت سهولت دموی برنامه
    /// </summary>
    public static class BlogCommentsDataSource
    {
        private static readonly IList<BlogComment> _cachedItems;
        static BlogCommentsDataSource()
        {
            _cachedItems = createBlogCommentsDataSource();
        }
 
        public static IList<BlogComment> LatestComments
        {
            get { return _cachedItems; }
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// هدف صرفا تهیه یک منبع داده آزمایشی ساده تشکیل شده در حافظه است
        /// </summary>
        private static IList<BlogComment> createBlogCommentsDataSource()
        {
            var list = new List<BlogComment>();
 
            var comment1 = new BlogComment
            {
                Id = 1, Body = "نظر من این است که", HasChildren = true, ParentId = null
            };
            list.Add(comment1);
 
            var comment12 = new BlogComment
            {
                Id = 2, Body = "پاسخی به نظر اول", HasChildren = true, ParentId = 1
            };
            list.Add(comment12);
 
            var comment12A = new BlogComment
            {
                Id = 3, Body = "پاسخی دیگری به نظر اول", HasChildren = false, ParentId = 1
            };
            list.Add(comment12A);
 
            var comment121 = new BlogComment
            {
                Id = 4, Body = "پاسخی به پاسخ به نظر اول", HasChildren = false, ParentId = 2
            };
            list.Add(comment121);
 
            var comment2 = new BlogComment
            {
                Id = 5, Body = "نظر 2", HasChildren = true, ParentId = null, imageUrl= "images/search.png"
            };
            list.Add(comment2);
 
            var comment21 = new BlogComment
            {
                Id = 6, Body = "پاسخ به نظر 2", HasChildren = false, ParentId = 5
            };
            list.Add(comment21);
 
            return list;
        }
    }
}

using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using KendoUI11.Models;
 
namespace KendoUI11.Controllers
{
 
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View(); // shows the page.
        }
 
        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult GetBlogComments(int? id)
        {
            if (id == null)
            {
                //دریافت ریشه‌ها
                return Json(
                    BlogCommentsDataSource.LatestComments
                        .Where(x => x.ParentId == null) // ریشه‌ها
                        .ToList(),
                    JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
            }
            else
            {
                //دریافت فرزندهای یک ریشه
                return Json(
                    BlogCommentsDataSource.LatestComments
                              .Where(x => x.ParentId == id)
                              .ToList(),
                              JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
            }
        }
    }
}

<!--نحوه‌ی راست به چپ سازی -->
<div class="k-rtl k-header demo-section">
    <div id="my-treeview"></div>
</div>
 
@section JavaScript
{
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            var dataSource = new kendo.data.HierarchicalDataSource({
                transport: {
                    read: {
                        url: "@Url.Action("GetBlogComments", "Home")",
                        dataType: "json",
                        contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
                        type: 'GET'
                    }
                },
                schema: {
                    model: {
                        id: "Id",
                        hasChildren: "HasChildren"
                    }
                }
            });
 
            $("#my-treeview").kendoTreeView({
                //استفاده از قالب در صورت نیاز
                template: kendo.template($("#treeview-template").html()),
                checkboxes: {
                    checkChildren: false
                },
                dataSource: dataSource,
                dataTextField: "Body",
                //رخدادها
                select: function (e) { console.log("Selecting: " + this.text(e.node)); },
                check: function (e) { console.log("Checkbox changed :: " + this.text(e.node)); },
                change: function (e) { console.log("Selection changed"); },
                collapse: function (e) { console.log("Collapsing " + this.text(e.node)); },
                expand: function (e) { console.log("Expanding " + this.text(e.node)); }
            });
        });
    </script>
 
    <script id="treeview-template" type="text/kendo-ui-template">
        <strong> #: item.Body # </strong>
    </script>
 
    <style scoped>
        .demo-section {
            width: 100%;
            height: 300px;
        }
    </style>
}