using System.IO;
using System.Text;

class Program
{
  static void Main()
  {
    using (var writer = new StreamWriter("data.txt"))
    {
      var builder = new StringBuilder();
      for (var i = 0; i <= 256; i++)
      {
        writer.Write(builder.Capacity);
        writer.Write(",");
        writer.Write(builder.Length);
        writer.WriteLine();
        builder.Append('1'); // <-- Add one character
      }
    }
  }
}

16, 0
16, 1
16, 2
...
16,14
16,15
16,16
32,17
...

namespace StringBuilderTest
{
  internal class SbTest1
  {
    internal Action<string> WriteLog;
    internal int Iterations { get; set; }
    internal string TestString { get; set; }

    internal SbTest1(int iterations, string testString, Action<string> writeLog)
    {
      Iterations = iterations;
      TestString = testString;
      WriteLog = writeLog;
    }

    internal void StartTest()
    {
      var watch = new Stopwatch();

      //StringBuilder
      watch.Start();
      var sbTestResult = SbTest();
      watch.Stop();
      WriteLog(string.Format("StringBuilder time: {0}", watch.ElapsedMilliseconds));

      //Concat
      watch.Start();
      var concatTestResult = ConcatTest();
      watch.Stop();
      WriteLog(string.Format("ConcatTest time: {0}", watch.ElapsedMilliseconds));

      WriteLog(string.Format("Results are{0} the same", sbTestResult == concatTestResult ? string.Empty : " NOT"));
    }

    private string SbTest()
    {
      var sb = new StringBuilder(TestString);
      for (var x = 0; x < Iterations; x++)
      {
        sb.Append(TestString);
      }
      return sb.ToString();
    }

    private string ConcatTest()
    {
      string concat = TestString;
      for (var x = 0; x < Iterations; x++)
      {
        concat += TestString;
      }
      return concat;
    }
  }
}

do
{
  Console.Write("Iteration: ");
  var iterations = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
  Console.Write("Test String: ");
  var testString = Console.ReadLine();
  var test1 = new SbTest1(iterations, testString, Console.WriteLine);
  test1.StartTest();
  Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------------------------------");
} while (Console.ReadKey(true).Key == ConsoleKey.C); // C = continue 

private string SbCapacityTest()
{
  var sb = new StringBuilder(TestString) { Capacity = TestString.Length * Iterations };
  for (var x = 0; x < Iterations; x++)
  {
    sb.Append(TestString);
  }
  return sb.ToString();
}

 DEPT department = context.DEPT.Where(d => d.DEPTNO == 25).First();
        department.DNAME = "xxx";
        using (TransactionScope tscope = new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.RequiresNew)) 
        {          
           context.SaveChanges(); 
           department.DNAME = "TEST";
           context.SaveChanges(); 
           if(flag)
                 tscope.Complete(); 
        }

public class ImageSize
    {
        public int Height
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        public int Width
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
    }

public class ImageResizer
    {
        public ImageSize Resize(ImageSize originalSize, ImageSize targetSize)
        {
            var aspectRatio = (float)originalSize.Width / (float)originalSize.Height;
            var width = targetSize.Width;
            var height = targetSize.Height;

            if (originalSize.Width > targetSize.Width || originalSize.Height > targetSize.Height)
            {
                if (aspectRatio > 1)
                {
                    height = (int)(targetSize.Height / aspectRatio);
                }
                else
                {
                    width = (int)(targetSize.Width * aspectRatio);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                width = originalSize.Width;
                height = originalSize.Height;
            }

            return new ImageSize
            {
                Width = Math.Max(width, 1),
                Height = Math.Max(height, 1)
            };
        }
    }

 public class ThumbnailCreator
    {
        private static readonly IDictionary<string, ImageFormat> ImageFormats = new Dictionary<string, ImageFormat>{
            {"image/png", ImageFormat.Png},
            {"image/gif", ImageFormat.Gif},
            {"image/jpeg", ImageFormat.Jpeg}
        };

        private readonly ImageResizer resizer;

        public ThumbnailCreator()
        {
            this.resizer = new ImageResizer();
        }

        public byte[] Create(Stream source, ImageSize desiredSize, string contentType)
        {
            using (var image = Image.FromStream(source))
            {
                var originalSize = new ImageSize
                {
                    Height = image.Height,
                    Width = image.Width
                };

                var size = resizer.Resize(originalSize, desiredSize);

                using (var thumbnail = new Bitmap(size.Width, size.Height))
                {
                    ScaleImage(image, thumbnail);

                    using (var memoryStream = new MemoryStream())
                    {
                        thumbnail.Save(memoryStream, ImageFormats[contentType]);

                        return memoryStream.ToArray();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private void ScaleImage(Image source, Image destination)
        {
            using (var graphics = Graphics.FromImage(destination))
            {
                graphics.CompositingMode = CompositingMode.SourceCopy;
                graphics.CompositingQuality = CompositingQuality.HighQuality;
                graphics.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
                graphics.PixelOffsetMode = PixelOffsetMode.HighQuality;
                graphics.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;

                graphics.DrawImage(source, 0, 0, destination.Width, destination.Height);
            }
        }
    }

private FileContentResult CreateThumbnail(string physicalPath)
        {
            using (var fileStream = System.IO.File.OpenRead(physicalPath))
            {
                var desiredSize = new ImageSize
                {
                    Width = ThumbnailWidth,
                    Height = ThumbnailHeight
                };


                string contentType = MimeMapping.GetMimeMapping(physicalPath);
                return File(thumbnailCreator.Create(fileStream, desiredSize, contentType), contentType);
            }
        }

 public virtual ActionResult GetThumbnail(string path)
        {
            path = GetSafeFileAndDirPath(path);
          //  return File(path, contentType); 
            return CreateThumbnail(path);
        }

<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
                    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
                    xmlns:system="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib">
    <system:String x:Key="button1">Hello!</system:String>
    <system:String x:Key="button2">How Are You?</system:String>
    <system:String x:Key="button3">Are You OK?</system:String>
 
</ResourceDictionary>

<Application x:Class="BeRMOoDA.WPF.LocalizationSample.App"
             xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             StartupUri="MainWindow.xaml">
    <Application.Resources>
 
        <ResourceDictionary>
            <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
                <ResourceDictionary Source="Culture_en-US.xaml"/>
            </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
        </ResourceDictionary>
 
    </Application.Resources>
</Application>

<Button Content="{DynamicResource ResourceKey=button1}" />
<Button Content="{DynamicResource ResourceKey=button2}" />
<Button Content="{DynamicResource ResourceKey=button3}" />

<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
                    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
                    xmlns:system="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib">
    <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
        <ResourceDictionary Source="Culture_fa-IR_Farsi.xaml"/>
    </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
    <system:String x:Key="button1">سلام!</system:String>
    <system:String x:Key="button2">حالت چطوره؟</system:String>
    <system:String x:Key="button3">خوبی؟</system:String>
</ResourceDictionary>

public class CultureAssemblyModel
    {
        //the text will be displayed to user as language name (like Farsi)
        public string DisplayText { get; set; }
        //name of .dll file (like Culture_fa-IR_Farsi.dll)
        public string Name { get; set; }
        //standar notation of this culture (like fa-IR)
        public string Culture { get; set; }
        //name of resource dictionary file inside the loaded .dll (like Culture_fa-IR.xaml)
        public string XamlFileName { get; set; }
    }

//will keep information about loaded assemblies
public List<CultureAssemblyModel> CultureAssemblies { get; set; }
 
//loads assmeblies in languages folder and adds their info to list
 void LoadCultureAssemblies()
 {
      //we should be sure that list is empty before adding info (do u want to add some cultures more than one? of course u dont!)
      CultureAssemblies.Clear();
      //creating a directory represents applications directory\languages
      DirectoryInfo dir = new DirectoryInfo(System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location) + "\\languages");
      //getting all .dll files in the language folder and its sub dirs. (who knows? maybe someone keeps each culture file in a seperate folder!)
      var assemblies = dir.GetFiles("*.dll", SearchOption.AllDirectories);
      //for each found .dll we will create a model and set its properties and then add to list  for (int i = 0; i < assemblies.Count(); i++)
      {

                string name = assemblies[i].Name;

                CultureAssemblyModel model = new CultureAssemblyModel() { DisplayText = name.Split('.', '_')[2], Culture = name.Split('.', '_')[1], Name = name  , XamlFileName =name.Substring(0, name.LastIndexOf(".")) + ".xaml" };
                CultureAssemblies.Add(model);
      }
 }

comboboxLanguages.ItemsSource = CultureAssemblies;

<ComboBox HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10" VerticalAlignment="Top" MinWidth="100" Name="comboboxLanguages">
            <ComboBox.ItemTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <Label Content="{Binding DisplayText}"/>
                </DataTemplate>
            </ComboBox.ItemTemplate>
</ComboBox>

//loads selected culture
 public void LoadCulture(CultureAssemblyModel culture)
 {
     //creating a FileInfo object represents .dll file of selected cultur
     FileInfo assemblyFile = new FileInfo("languages\\" + culture.Name);
     //loading .dll into memory as a .net assembly
     var assembly = Assembly.LoadFile(assemblyFile.FullName);
     //getting .dll file name
     var assemblyName = assemblyFile.Name.Substring(0, assemblyFile.Name.LastIndexOf("."));
     //creating string represents structure of a pack uri (something like this: /{myassemblyname;component/myresourcefile.xaml}
     string packUri = string.Format(@"/{0};component/{1}", assemblyName, culture.XamlFileName);
     //creating a pack uri
     Uri uri = new Uri(packUri, UriKind.Relative);
     //now we have created a pack uri that represents a resource object in loaded assembly
     //and its time to load that as a resource dictionary (do u remember that we had resource dictionary in culture assemblies? don't u?)
     var dic = Application.LoadComponent(uri) as ResourceDictionary;
     dic.Source = uri;
     //here we will remove current merged dictionaries in our resource dictionary and add recently-loaded resource dictionary as e merged dictionary
     var mergedDics = this.Resources.MergedDictionaries;
     if (mergedDics.Count > 0)
          mergedDics.Clear();
     mergedDics.Add(dic);
 }

void comboboxLanguages_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
 {
     var selectedCulture = (CultureAssemblyModel)comboboxLanguages.SelectedItem;
     App app = Application.Current as App;
     app.LoadCulture(selectedCulture);
 }

_identityVerifier.Initialize();
var isValidIdentity = _identityVerifier.Validate(
     application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address);

_creditScorer.CalculateScore(application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Address);
if (_creditScorer.Score < MinimumCreditScore)
{
    return application.IsAccepted;
}

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface ICreditScorer
    {
        int Score { get; }

        void CalculateScore(string applicantName, string applicantAddress);
    }
}

var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();
mockCreditScorer.Setup(x => x.Score).Returns(110_000);

namespace Loans.Models
{
    public class ScoreResult
    {
        public ScoreValue ScoreValue { get; }
    }

    public class ScoreValue
    {
        public int Score { get; }
    }
}

using Loans.Models;

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface ICreditScorer
    {
        int Score { get; }

        void CalculateScore(string applicantName, string applicantAddress);
        
        ScoreResult ScoreResult { get; }
    }
}

//if (_creditScorer.Score < MinimumCreditScore)
if (_creditScorer.ScoreResult.ScoreValue.Score < MinimumCreditScore)

var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();
mockCreditScorer.Setup(x => x.Score).Returns(110_000);

var mockScoreValue = new Mock<ScoreValue>();
mockScoreValue.Setup(x => x.Score).Returns(110_000);

var mockScoreResult = new Mock<ScoreResult>();
mockScoreResult.Setup(x => x.ScoreValue).Returns(mockScoreValue.Object);

mockCreditScorer.Setup(x => x.ScoreResult).Returns(mockScoreResult.Object);

Test method Loans.Tests.LoanApplicationProcessorShould.Accept threw exception:
System.NotSupportedException: Unsupported expression: x => x.Score
Non-overridable members (here: ScoreValue.get_Score) may not be used in setup / verification expressions.

namespace Loans.Models
{
    public class ScoreResult
    {
        public virtual ScoreValue ScoreValue { get; }
    }

    public class ScoreValue
    {
        public virtual int Score { get; }
    }
}

mockCreditScorer.Setup(x => x.ScoreResult.ScoreValue.Score).Returns(110_000);

var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer> { DefaultValue = DefaultValue.Mock };

using Loans.Models;

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface ICreditScorer
    {
        int Score { get; }

        void CalculateScore(string applicantName, string applicantAddress);
        
        ScoreResult ScoreResult { get; }
        
        int Count { get; set; }
    }
}

_creditScorer.CalculateScore(application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Address);
_creditScorer.Count++;

Assert.AreEqual(1, mockCreditScorer.Object.Count);

mockCreditScorer.SetupProperty(x => x.Count);

mockCreditScorer.SetupProperty(x => x.Count, 10);

mockCreditScorer.SetupAllProperties();