using System;
public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] array)
    {
       Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
       Console.ReadKey();
    }
}

using System;

namespace GenericsSample
{
    class TestGenerics
    {
        public static void Print<T>(T data)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Print<T>");
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var type = typeof(Nullable<int>);
            TestGenerics.Print<type>(1);
        }
    }
}

using System;

namespace GenericsSample
{
    class TestGenerics
    {
        public static void Print<T>(T data)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Print<T>");
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var nullableIntType = typeof(Nullable<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(int));
            var method = typeof(TestGenerics).GetMethod("Print");
            var genericMethod = method.MakeGenericMethod(new[] { nullableIntType });
            genericMethod.Invoke(null, new object[] { 1 });
        }
    }
}

class TestGenerics
{
    public static void Print<T>(T data)
    {
         Console.WriteLine("Print<T>");
    }

    public static void Print(object data)
    {
         Console.WriteLine("Print");
    }
}

using System;
using System.Linq;

namespace GenericsSample
{
    class TestGenerics
    {
        public static void Print<T>(T data)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Print<T>");
        }

        public static void Print(object data)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Print");
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var nullableIntType = typeof(Nullable<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(int));
            var method = typeof(TestGenerics).GetMethods()
                         .First(x => x.Name == "Print" && (x.GetParameters()[0]).ParameterType.IsGenericParameter);
            var genericMethod = method.MakeGenericMethod(new[] { nullableIntType });
            genericMethod.Invoke(null, new object[] { 1 });
        }
    }
}

public ActionResult EditSave(IEnumerable<HttpPostedFileBase> files, int referid)
       {
           // OASEntities db = new OASEntities();
           // The Name of the Upload component is "files"
           if (files != null)
           {
 
 
               int i =(int)db.letterdatas.Where(x => x.referletid == referid).Max(p => p.seq);
               foreach (var file in files)
               {
                   bool failtestsize = false;
                   if (file.ContentLength > 5096000) failtestsize = true;
                   if (failtestsize) return Content(new Exception("خطا : حجم فایل ارسالی بیش از حد مجاز می‌باشد").Message);
                 //  System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(2000);
                   var xi = db.letterdatas.Where(x => x.referletid == referid).Count();
                   if (xi > 4) return Content(new Exception("خطا : تعداد فایلهای ارسالی بیش از حد مجاز می‌باشد").Message);
 
 
                   i++;
                    
                  
                   var fileName = Path.GetFileName(file.FileName);
 
 
                 
                   byte[] filedata = new byte[file.ContentLength];
                   Stream st = file.InputStream;
                   st.Read(filedata, 0, file.ContentLength);
                   var letterdata = new letterdata
                   {
                       data = filedata,
                       extention = Path.GetExtension(file.FileName),
                       filename = fileName,
                       seq = i,
                       referletid = referid,
                       templetguid = null,
                       fileid = Guid.NewGuid(),
                       userid = db.users.Where(x => x.username == User.Identity.Name).Select(x => x.userid).FirstOrDefault()
 
 
                   };
                   db.letterdatas.Add(letterdata);
                   db.SaveChanges();
                  
               }
               
           }
            
           return Content("");
       }

int i =(int)db.letterdatas.Where(x => x.referletid == referid).Max(p => p.seq);
var xi = db.letterdatas.Where(x => x.referletid == referid).Count();

@Html.Action("AddRole", "Home")

public static List<T> RemoveDuplicates<T>(List<T> items)
{
   return (from s in items  select s).Distinct().ToList();
}

public static void TestRemoveDuplicates()
{
   List<string> sampleList =
       new List<string>() { "A1", "A2", "A3", "A1", "A2", "A3" };
   sampleList = RemoveDuplicates(sampleList);
   foreach (var item in sampleList)
       Console.WriteLine(item);
}

public class Employee
{
   public int ID { get; set; }
   public string FName { get; set; }
   public int Age { get; set; }
}

public static void TestRemoveDuplicates()
{
   List<Employee> lstEmp = new List<Employee>()
   {
      new  Employee(){ ID=1, Age=20, FName="F1"},
      new  Employee(){ ID=2, Age=21, FName="F2"},
      new  Employee(){ ID=1, Age=20, FName="F1"},
   };

   lstEmp = RemoveDuplicates<Employee>(lstEmp);

   foreach (var item in lstEmp)
       Console.WriteLine(item.FName);
}

public static IEnumerable<TSource> Distinct<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, IEqualityComparer<TSource> comparer);

public class EmployeeComparer : IEqualityComparer<Employee>
{
 public bool Equals(Employee x, Employee y)
 {
   //آیا دقیقا یک وهله هستند؟
   if (Object.ReferenceEquals(x, y)) return true;

   //آیا یکی از وهله‌ها نال است؟
   if (Object.ReferenceEquals(x, null) ||
       Object.ReferenceEquals(y, null))
       return false;

   return x.Age == y.Age && x.FName == y.FName && x.ID == y.ID;
 }

 public int GetHashCode(Employee obj)
 {
   if (Object.ReferenceEquals(obj, null)) return 0;
   int hashTextual = obj.FName == null ? 0 : obj.FName.GetHashCode();
   int hashDigital = obj.Age.GetHashCode();
   return hashTextual ^ hashDigital;
 }
}

public static List<T> RemoveDuplicates<T>(List<T> items, IEqualityComparer<T> comparer)
{
   return (from s in items select s).Distinct(comparer).ToList();
}

public static void TestRemoveDuplicates()
{
   List<Employee> lstEmp = new List<Employee>()
   {
      new  Employee(){ ID=1, Age=20, FName="F1"},
      new  Employee(){ ID=2, Age=21, FName="F2"},
      new  Employee(){ ID=1, Age=20, FName="F1"},
   };

   lstEmp = RemoveDuplicates(lstEmp, new EmployeeComparer());

   foreach (var item in lstEmp)
       Console.WriteLine(item.FName);
}

public static void FindDuplicates()
{
   List<Employee> lstEmp = new List<Employee>()
   {
      new  Employee(){ ID=1, Age=20, FName="F1"},
      new  Employee(){ ID=2, Age=21, FName="F2"},
      new  Employee(){ ID=1, Age=20, FName="F1"},
   };

   var query = from c in lstEmp
               group c by c.Age into g
               where g.Count() > 1
               select new { Age = g.Key, Count = g.Count() };

   foreach (var item in query)
   {
       Console.WriteLine("Age {0} has {1} records", item.Age, item.Count);
   }
}

namespace MvcFramework.Framework.Dependency
{
    public class LifeCyclePolicy : IInstancePolicy
    {
        public void Apply(Type pluginType, Instance instance)
        {
            if (typeof(ISingletonDependency).IsAssignableFrom(instance.ReturnedType))
                instance.SetLifecycleTo<SingletonLifecycle>();
            else if (typeof(ITransientDependency).IsAssignableFrom(instance.ReturnedType))
                instance.SetLifecycleTo<TransientLifecycle>();
        }
    }
}

namespace MvcFramework.Framework.Application.Services
{
    public abstract class ApplicationService : IApplicationService
    {
    }
}

namespace MvcFramework.Framework.Application.Services
{
    public interface ICrudApplicationService<TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel> :
        ICrudApplicationService<TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel, PagedListRequest,
            PagedListResponse<TModel, PagedListRequest>, DynamicListRequest>
        where TEditModel : class, IEditModel
        where TModel : class, IModel
        where TDeleteModel : class, IDeleteModel
    {
    }

    public interface ICrudApplicationService<TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel, in TDynamicListRequest> :
        ICrudApplicationService<TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel, PagedListRequest,
            PagedListResponse<TModel, PagedListRequest>, TDynamicListRequest>
        where TEditModel : class, IEditModel
        where TModel : class, IModel
        where TDeleteModel : class, IDeleteModel
        where TDynamicListRequest : DynamicListRequest
    {
    }

    public interface ICrudApplicationService<TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel, in TPagedListRequest,
        TPagedListResponse> :
        ICrudApplicationService<TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel, TPagedListRequest, TPagedListResponse,
            DynamicListRequest>
        where TEditModel : class, IEditModel
        where TModel : class, IModel
        where TDeleteModel : class, IDeleteModel
        where TPagedListRequest : PagedListRequest, new()
        where TPagedListResponse : PagedListResponse<TModel, TPagedListRequest>
    {
    }

    public interface ICrudApplicationService<TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel, in TPagedListRequest,
        TPagedListResponse,
        in TDynamicListRequest> : IApplicationService
        where TEditModel : class, IEditModel
        where TModel : class, IModel
        where TDeleteModel : class, IDeleteModel
        where TPagedListRequest : PagedListRequest, new()
        where TPagedListResponse : PagedListResponse<TModel, TPagedListRequest>
        where TDynamicListRequest : DynamicListRequest
    {
        void Create(TCreateModel model);
        void Create(IList<TCreateModel> models);
        Task CreateAsync(TCreateModel model);
        Task CreateAsync(IList<TCreateModel> models);

        IList<TModel> GetList();
        DynamicListResponse GetDynamicList(TDynamicListRequest request);
        TPagedListResponse GetPagedList(TPagedListRequest request);
        IList<LookupItem> GetLookup();
        TModel GetById(long id);
        TEditModel GetForEdit(long id);
        bool Exists(long id);
        Task<IList<TModel>> GetListAsync();
        Task<DynamicListResponse> GetDynamicListAsync(TDynamicListRequest request);
        Task<TPagedListResponse> GetPagedListAsync(TPagedListRequest request);
        Task<IList<LookupItem>> GetLookupAsync();
        Task<TModel> GetByIdAsync(long id);
        Task<TEditModel> GetForEditAsync(long id);
        Task<bool> ExistsAsync(long id);

        void Edit(TEditModel model);
        void Edit(IList<TEditModel> models);
        Task EditAsync(TEditModel model);
        Task EditAsync(IList<TEditModel> models);
        
        void Delete(TDeleteModel model);
        void Delete(IList<TDeleteModel> models);
        Task DeleteAsync(TDeleteModel model);
        Task DeleteAsync(IList<TDeleteModel> models);
    }
}

namespace MvcFramework.Framework.Application.Models
{
    public interface IModel
    {
        long Id { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace MvcFramework.Framework.Application.Models
{
    public interface IEditModel : IModel
    {
        byte[] RowVersion { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace MvcFramework.Framework.Application.Models
{
    public interface IDeleteModel : IModel
    {
        byte[] RowVersion { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace MvcFramework.Framework.Application.Models
{
    public class LookupItem
    {
        public string Value { get; set; }
        public string Text { get; set; }
        public bool Selected { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace MvcFramework.Framework.Application.Models
{
    public class PagedListRequest : IShouldNormalize
    {
        public long TotalCount { get; set; }
        public int PageNumber { get; set; }
        public int PageSize { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Sorting information.
        ///     Should include sorting field and optionally a direction (ASC or DESC)
        ///     Can contain more than one field separated by comma (,).
        /// </summary>
        /// <example>
        ///     Examples:
        ///     "Name"
        ///     "Name DESC"
        ///     "Name ASC, Age DESC"
        /// </example>
        public string SortBy { get; set; }

        public void Normalize()
        {
            if (PageNumber < 1)
                PageNumber = 1;

            if (PageSize < 0)
                PageSize = 10;

            if (SortBy.IsEmpty())
                SortBy = "Id DESC";
        }
    }
}

namespace MvcFramework.Framework.Application.Models
{
    public class PagedListResponse<TModel, TPagedListRequest>
        where TPagedListRequest : PagedListRequest, new()
        where TModel : IModel
    {
        public PagedListResponse()
        {
            Result = new List<TModel>();
            Request = new TPagedListRequest();
        }
        public IList<TModel> Result { get; set; }
        public TPagedListRequest Request { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace MvcFramework.Framework.Domain.Entities
{
    public abstract class Entity
    {
        #region Properties

        public long Id { get; set; }
        public byte[] RowVersion { get; set; }
        public EntityChangeState State { get; set; }

        #endregion

        #region Public Methods

        [SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "BaseObjectGetHashCodeCallInGetHashCode")]
        [SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "NonReadonlyMemberInGetHashCode")]
        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            if (IsTransient())
                return base.GetHashCode();

            unchecked
            {
                var hash = this.GetRealType().GetHashCode();
                return (hash * 31) ^ Id.GetHashCode();
            }
        }

        public virtual bool IsTransient()
        {
            return Id == 0;
        }

        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            var other = obj as Entity;
            if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) return false;

            if (ReferenceEquals(this, other)) return true;

            var typeOfThis = this.GetRealType();
            var typeOfOther = other.GetRealType();

            if (typeOfThis != typeOfOther) return false;

            if (IsTransient() || other.IsTransient()) return false;

            return Id.Equals(other.Id);
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return $"[{this.GetRealType().Name} : {Id}]";
        }

        #endregion

        #region Operators

        public static bool operator ==(Entity left, Entity right)
        {
            return Equals(left, right);
        }

        public static bool operator !=(Entity left, Entity right)
        {
            return !(left == right);
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

namespace MvcFramework.Framework.Application.Services
{
    public abstract class CrudApplicationService<TEntity, TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel> :
        CrudApplicationService<TEntity, TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel, PagedListRequest,
            PagedListResponse<TModel, PagedListRequest>, DynamicListRequest>
        where TEntity : Entity
        where TCreateModel : class
        where TEditModel : class, IEditModel
        where TModel : class, IModel
        where TDeleteModel : class, IDeleteModel
    {
        protected CrudApplicationService(IUnitOfWork unitOfWork, IMapper mapper) : base(unitOfWork, mapper)
        {
        }
    }

    public abstract class CrudApplicationService<TEntity, TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel,
        TDynamicListRequest> :
        CrudApplicationService<TEntity, TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel, PagedListRequest,
            PagedListResponse<TModel, PagedListRequest>, TDynamicListRequest>
        where TEntity : Entity
        where TCreateModel : class
        where TEditModel : class, IEditModel
        where TModel : class, IModel
        where TDeleteModel : class, IDeleteModel
        where TDynamicListRequest : DynamicListRequest
    {
        protected CrudApplicationService(IUnitOfWork unitOfWork, IMapper mapper) : base(unitOfWork, mapper)
        {
        }
    }

    public abstract class CrudApplicationService<TEntity, TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel,
        TPagedListRequest,
        TPagedListResponse> :
        CrudApplicationService<TEntity, TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel, TPagedListRequest,
            TPagedListResponse,
            DynamicListRequest>
        where TEntity : Entity
        where TCreateModel : class
        where TEditModel : class, IEditModel
        where TModel : class, IModel
        where TDeleteModel : class, IDeleteModel
        where TPagedListRequest : PagedListRequest, new()
        where TPagedListResponse : PagedListResponse<TModel, TPagedListRequest>, new()
    {
        protected CrudApplicationService(IUnitOfWork unitOfWork, IMapper mapper) : base(unitOfWork, mapper)
        {
        }
    }

    public abstract class CrudApplicationService<TEntity, TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel,
        TPagedListRequest,
        TPagedListResponse, TDynamicListRequest> : ApplicationService,
        ICrudApplicationService<TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel, TPagedListRequest, TPagedListResponse,
            TDynamicListRequest>
        where TEntity : Entity
        where TCreateModel : class
        where TEditModel : class, IEditModel
        where TModel : class, IModel
        where TDeleteModel : class, IDeleteModel
        where TPagedListRequest : PagedListRequest, new()
        where TPagedListResponse : PagedListResponse<TModel, TPagedListRequest>, new()
        where TDynamicListRequest : DynamicListRequest

    {
        #region Constructor

        protected CrudApplicationService(IUnitOfWork unitOfWork, IMapper mapper)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(unitOfWork, nameof(unitOfWork));
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(mapper, nameof(mapper));

            UnitOfWork = unitOfWork;
            Mapper = mapper;
            EntitySet = UnitOfWork.Set<TEntity>();
        }

        #endregion

        #region Properties

        protected IQueryable<TEntity> UnTrackedEntitySet => EntitySet.AsNoTracking();
        protected IUnitOfWork UnitOfWork { get; }
        protected IMapper Mapper { get; }
        protected IDbSet<TEntity> EntitySet { get; }

        #endregion

        #region ICrudApplicationService Members

        #region Methods

        [Transactional]
        public virtual void Create(TCreateModel model)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(model, nameof(model));

            var entity = Mapper.Map<TEntity>(model);

            EntitySet.Add(entity);
            UnitOfWork.SaveChanges();
        }

        [Transactional]
        public virtual void Create(IList<TCreateModel> models)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotEmpty(models, nameof(models));

            var entities = Mapper.Map<IList<TEntity>>(models);

            UnitOfWork.AddRange(entities);
            UnitOfWork.SaveChanges();
        }

        [Transactional]
        public virtual Task CreateAsync(TCreateModel model)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(model, nameof(model));

            var entity = Mapper.Map<TEntity>(model);

            EntitySet.Add(entity);
            return UnitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
        }

        [Transactional]
        public virtual Task CreateAsync(IList<TCreateModel> models)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotEmpty(models, nameof(models));

            var entities = Mapper.Map<IList<TEntity>>(models);

            UnitOfWork.AddRange(entities);
            return UnitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
        }


        [Transactional]
        public virtual void Edit(TEditModel model)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(model, nameof(model));

            var entity = Mapper.Map<TEntity>(model);

            UnitOfWork.MarkAsChanged(entity);
            UnitOfWork.SaveChanges();
        }

        [Transactional]
        public virtual void Edit(IList<TEditModel> models)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(models, nameof(models));
            Guard.ArgumentNotEmpty(models, nameof(models));

            var entities = Mapper.Map<IList<TEntity>>(models);

            UnitOfWork.UpdateRange(entities);
            UnitOfWork.SaveChanges();
        }

        [Transactional]
        public virtual Task EditAsync(TEditModel model)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(model, nameof(model));

            var entity = Mapper.Map<TEntity>(model);

            UnitOfWork.MarkAsChanged(entity);
            return UnitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
        }

        [Transactional]
        public virtual Task EditAsync(IList<TEditModel> models)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(models, nameof(models));
            Guard.ArgumentNotEmpty(models, nameof(models));

            var entities = Mapper.Map<IList<TEntity>>(models);

            UnitOfWork.UpdateRange(entities);
            return UnitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
        }


        public virtual IList<TModel> GetList()
        {
            return EntitySet.ProjectToList<TModel>(Mapper.ConfigurationProvider);
        }

        public virtual DynamicListResponse GetDynamicList(TDynamicListRequest request)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(request, nameof(request));

            var query = ApplyFiltering(request);

            return query.ProjectTo<TModel>().ToListResponse(request);
        }

        public virtual TPagedListResponse GetPagedList(TPagedListRequest request)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(request, nameof(request));

            var query = ApplyFiltering(request);

            request.TotalCount = query.LongCount();

            query = ApplySorting(query, request);
            query = ApplyPaging(query, request);

            var result = query.ProjectToList<TModel>(Mapper.ConfigurationProvider);

            return new TPagedListResponse
            {
                Result = result,
                Request = request
            };
        }

        public virtual IList<LookupItem> GetLookup()
        {
            return EntitySet.ProjectToList<LookupItem>(Mapper.ConfigurationProvider);
        }

        public virtual TModel GetById(long id)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentInRange(id, 1, long.MaxValue, nameof(id));

            var entity =
                EntitySet.Where(a => a.Id == id).ProjectToFirstOrDefault<TModel>(Mapper.ConfigurationProvider);

            if (entity == null)
                throw new EntityNotFoundException($"Couldn't Find Entity {id} When GetById");

            return entity;
        }

        public virtual TEditModel GetForEdit(long id)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentInRange(id, 1, long.MaxValue, nameof(id));

            var entity =
                EntitySet.Where(a => a.Id == id).ProjectToFirstOrDefault<TEditModel>(Mapper.ConfigurationProvider);

            if (entity == null)
                throw new EntityNotFoundException($"Couldn't Find Entity {id} When GetForEdit");

            return entity;
        }

        public virtual bool Exists(long id)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentInRange(id, 1, long.MaxValue, nameof(id));

            return EntitySet.Any(a => a.Id == id);
        }

        public virtual async Task<IList<TModel>> GetListAsync()
        {
            return await EntitySet.ProjectToListAsync<TModel>(Mapper.ConfigurationProvider);
        }

        public virtual Task<DynamicListResponse> GetDynamicListAsync(TDynamicListRequest request)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(request, nameof(request));

            var query = ApplyFiltering(request);

            return query.ProjectTo<TModel>().ToListResponseAsync(request);
        }

        public virtual async Task<TPagedListResponse> GetPagedListAsync(TPagedListRequest request)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(request, nameof(request));

            var query = ApplyFiltering(request);

            request.TotalCount = await query.LongCountAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);

            query = ApplySorting(query, request);
            query = ApplyPaging(query, request);

            var result = await query.ProjectToListAsync<TModel>(Mapper.ConfigurationProvider).ConfigureAwait(false);

            return new TPagedListResponse
            {
                Result = result,
                Request = request
            };
        }

        public virtual async Task<IList<LookupItem>> GetLookupAsync()
        {
            return await EntitySet.ProjectToListAsync<LookupItem>(Mapper.ConfigurationProvider);
        }

        public virtual async Task<TModel> GetByIdAsync(long id)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentInRange(id, 1, long.MaxValue, nameof(id));

            var entity = await UnTrackedEntitySet.Where(a => a.Id == id)
                .ProjectToFirstOrDefaultAsync<TModel>(Mapper.ConfigurationProvider);

            if (entity == null)
                throw new EntityNotFoundException($"Couldn't Find Entity {id} When GetByIdAsync");

            return entity;
        }

        public virtual async Task<TEditModel> GetForEditAsync(long id)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentInRange(id, 1, long.MaxValue, nameof(id));

            var entity = await UnTrackedEntitySet.Where(a => a.Id == id)
                .ProjectToFirstOrDefaultAsync<TEditModel>(Mapper.ConfigurationProvider);

            if (entity == null)
                throw new EntityNotFoundException($"Couldn't Find Entity {id} When GetForEditAsync");

            return entity;
        }

        public virtual Task<bool> ExistsAsync(long id)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentInRange(id, 1, long.MaxValue, nameof(id));

            return EntitySet.AnyAsync(a => a.Id == id);
        }


        [Transactional]
        public virtual void Delete(TDeleteModel model)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(model, nameof(model));

            var entity = Mapper.Map<TEntity>(model);

            UnitOfWork.MarkAsDeleted(entity);
            UnitOfWork.SaveChanges();
        }

        [Transactional]
        public virtual void Delete(IList<TDeleteModel> models)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotEmpty(models, nameof(models));
            Guard.ArgumentNotEmpty(models, nameof(models));

            var entities = Mapper.Map<IList<TEntity>>(models);

            UnitOfWork.RemoveRange(entities);
            UnitOfWork.SaveChanges();
        }

        [Transactional]
        public virtual Task DeleteAsync(TDeleteModel model)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(model, nameof(model));

            var entity = Mapper.Map<TEntity>(model);

            UnitOfWork.MarkAsDeleted(entity);
            return UnitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
        }

        [Transactional]
        public virtual Task DeleteAsync(IList<TDeleteModel> models)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotEmpty(models, nameof(models));
            Guard.ArgumentNotEmpty(models, nameof(models));

            var entities = Mapper.Map<IList<TEntity>>(models);

            UnitOfWork.RemoveRange(entities);
            return UnitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
        }

        #endregion

        #endregion

        #region Protected Methods

        /// <summary>
        ///     Apply Filtering To GetDynamicList
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="request"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected virtual IQueryable<TEntity> ApplyFiltering(TDynamicListRequest request)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(request, nameof(request));

            return UnTrackedEntitySet;
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Apply Filtering To GetPagedList and GetPagedListAsync
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="request"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected virtual IQueryable<TEntity> ApplyFiltering(TPagedListRequest request)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(request, nameof(request));

            return UnTrackedEntitySet;
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Apply Sorting To GetPagedList and GetPagedListAsync
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="query">query</param>
        /// <param name="request">PagedListRequest</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected virtual IQueryable<TEntity> ApplySorting(IQueryable<TEntity> query, TPagedListRequest request)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(request, nameof(request));
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(query, nameof(query));

            return !request.SortBy.IsEmpty() ? query.OrderBy(request.SortBy) : query.OrderByDescending(e => e.Id);
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Apply Paging To GetPagedList and GetPagedListAsync
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="request">PagedListRequest</param>
        /// <param name="query">query</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected virtual IQueryable<TEntity> ApplyPaging(IQueryable<TEntity> query, TPagedListRequest request)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(request, nameof(request));
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(query, nameof(query));

            return request != null
                ? query.Page((request.PageNumber - 1) * request.PageSize, request.PageSize)
                : query;
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

namespace MvcFramework.Framework.Aspects.Validation
{
    public class ValidatorInterceptor : ISyncInterceptionBehavior
    {
        private readonly IValidatorFactory _validatorFactory;

        public ValidatorInterceptor(IValidatorFactory validatorFactory)
        {
            _validatorFactory = validatorFactory;
        }

        public IMethodInvocationResult Intercept(ISyncMethodInvocation methodInvocation)
        {
            var argumentValues = methodInvocation.Arguments.Select(a => a.Value).ToArray();

            var validator = new MethodInvocationValidator(_validatorFactory, methodInvocation.MethodInfo,
                argumentValues);

            validator.Validate();

            return methodInvocation.InvokeNext();
        }
    }
}

namespace MvcFramework.Framework.Aspects.Validation
{
    internal class MethodInvocationValidator
    {
        #region Constructor

        public MethodInvocationValidator(IValidatorFactory validatorFactory, MethodInfo method,
            object[] parameterValues)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(method, nameof(method));
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(parameterValues, nameof(parameterValues));
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(validatorFactory, nameof(validatorFactory));

            _method = method;
            _parameterValues = parameterValues;
            _validatorFactory = validatorFactory;
            _parameters = method.GetParameters();

            _parametersToBeNormalized = new List<IShouldNormalize>();
        }

        #endregion

        #region Public Methods

        public void Validate()
        {
            if (!CheckShouldBeValidate()) return;

            foreach (var parameterValue in _parameterValues)
                ValidateMethodParameter(parameterValue);

            foreach (var parameterToBeNormalized in _parametersToBeNormalized)
                parameterToBeNormalized.Normalize();
        }

        #endregion

        #region Fields

        private readonly MethodInfo _method;
        private readonly object[] _parameterValues;
        private readonly ParameterInfo[] _parameters;
        private readonly IValidatorFactory _validatorFactory;
        private readonly List<IShouldNormalize> _parametersToBeNormalized;

        #endregion

        #region Private Methods

        private bool CheckShouldBeValidate()
        {
            if (!_method.IsPublic)
                return false;

            if (IsValidationDisabled())
                return false;

            if (_parameters.IsNullOrEmpty())
                return false;

            if (_parameters.Length != _parameterValues.Length)
                throw new Exception("Method parameter count does not match with argument count!");

            return true;
        }

        private bool IsValidationDisabled()
        {
            if (_method.IsDefined(typeof(EnableValidationAttribute), true))
                return false;

            return ReflectionHelper
                       .GetSingleAttributeOfMemberOrDeclaringTypeOrDefault<DisableValidationAttribute>(_method) != null;
        }

        private void ValidateMethodParameter(object parameterValue)
        {
            if (parameterValue == null) return;

            var parameterValueList = parameterValue as IEnumerable<object>;
            if (parameterValueList != null)
            {
                var valueList = parameterValueList.ToList();

                ValidateMethodParameterValues(valueList);
            }
            else
            {
                ValidateMethodParameterValues(new List<object> { parameterValue });
            }

            if (parameterValue is IShouldNormalize)
                _parametersToBeNormalized.Add(parameterValue as IShouldNormalize);
        }

        private void ValidateMethodParameterValues(List<object> valueList)
        {
            var ruleSet = GetRuleSet(_method);

            var validator = _validatorFactory.GetValidator(valueList.First().GetType());
            if (validator == null) return;

            foreach (var item in valueList)
                ValidateWithReflection(validator, item, ruleSet);
        }

        private static string GetRuleSet(MemberInfo method)
        {
            const string @default = "default";

            var attribute = method.GetCustomAttribute<ValidateWithRuleAttribute>();

            if (attribute == null)
                return @default;

            var rules = new List<string> { @default };

            rules.AddRange(attribute.RuleSetNames);

            return string.Join(",", rules).TrimEnd(',');
        }

        private static void ValidateAndThrow<T>(IValidator<T> validator, T argument, string ruleSet)
        {
            validator.ValidateAndThrow(argument, ruleSet);
        }

        private void ValidateWithReflection(IValidator validator, object argument, string ruleSet)
        {
            GetType().GetMethod(nameof(ValidateAndThrow), BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.NonPublic)
                .MakeGenericMethod(argument.GetType())
                .Invoke(null, new[] { validator, argument, ruleSet });
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

namespace MvcFramework.Framework
{
    public class FrameworkRegistry : Registry
    {
        public FrameworkRegistry()
        {
            For<IValidatorFactory>().Singleton().Use<StructureMapValidatorFactory>();

            Scan(scan =>
            {
                scan.TheCallingAssembly();
                scan.WithDefaultConventions();
                scan.LookForRegistries();
            });

            Policies.Interceptors(new DynamicProxyInterceptorPolicy(f => typeof(IApplicationService).IsAssignableFrom(f), typeof(ValidatorInterceptor),typeof(TransactionInterceptor)));
        }
    }
}

namespace MyApp.ServiceLayer.Roles
{
    public interface IRoleApplicationService :
        ICrudApplicationService<RoleViewModel, RoleCreateViewModel, RoleEditViewModel, RoleDeleteViewModel, RolePagedListRequest, RoleListViewModel>
    {
    }
}

namespace MyApp.ServiceLayer.Roles
{
    public class RoleApplicationService :
        CrudApplicationService<Role, RoleViewModel, RoleCreateViewModel, RoleEditViewModel, RoleDeleteViewModel, RolePagedListRequest, RoleListViewModel>,
        IRoleApplicationService
    {
        #region Constructor

        public RoleApplicationService(IUnitOfWork unitOfWork, IMapper mapper) : base(unitOfWork, mapper)
        {
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

namespace MyApp.Framework
{
    public class FrameworkRegistry : Registry
    {
        public FrameworkRegistry()
        {
            For<IValidatorFactory>().Singleton().Use<StructureMapValidatorFactory>();

            Scan(scan =>
            {
                scan.TheCallingAssembly();
                scan.WithDefaultConventions();
                scan.AssembliesFromApplicationBaseDirectory();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnEndTask>();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnOwinStartupTask>();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnStartTask>();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnBeginRequestTask>();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnErrorTask>();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnEndRequestTask>();

                scan.LookForRegistries();
            });

            Policies.Interceptors(new DynamicProxyInterceptorPolicy(f => typeof(IApplicationService).IsAssignableFrom(f), typeof(ValidatorInterceptor)/*, typeof(TransactionInterceptor)*/));
        }
    }
}

namespace MyApp.DataLayer
{
    public class DataLayerRegistry : Registry
    {
        public DataLayerRegistry()
        {
            Scan(scan =>
            {
                scan.TheCallingAssembly();
                scan.WithDefaultConventions();
                scan.AssembliesFromApplicationBaseDirectory();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnStartTask>();
            });

            //todo:use container per request (Nested Containers) instead of HttpContextLifeCycle
            For<IUnitOfWork>().Use<ApplicationDbContext>();
        }
    }
}

namespace MyApp.ServiceLayer
{
    public class ServiceLayerRegistry : Registry
    {
        #region Constructor

        public ServiceLayerRegistry()
        {
            Scan(scan =>
            {
                scan.TheCallingAssembly();
                scan.WithDefaultConventions();
                scan.AssembliesFromApplicationBaseDirectory();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnEndTask>();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnOwinStartupTask>();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnStartTask>();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnBeginRequestTask>();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnErrorTask>();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnEndRequestTask>();

                scan.Assembly(typeof(DataLayerRegistry).Assembly);
                scan.LookForRegistries();

                scan.AddAllTypesOf<Profile>().NameBy(item => item.FullName);
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IHaveCustomMappings>().NameBy(item => item.FullName);
            });

            FluentValidationConfig();
            AutoMapperConfig();
        }

        #endregion

        #region Private Methods

        private void AutoMapperConfig()
        {
            For<MapperConfiguration>().Singleton().Use("MapperConfig", ctx =>
            {
                var config = new MapperConfiguration(cfg =>
                {
                    cfg.CreateMissingTypeMaps = true;
                    AddProfiles(ctx, cfg);
                    AddIHaveCustomMappings(ctx, cfg);
                    AddMapFrom(cfg);
                });

                config.AssertConfigurationIsValid();

                return config;
            });

            For<IMapper>().Singleton().Use(ctx => ctx.GetInstance<MapperConfiguration>().CreateMapper(ctx.GetInstance));
        }

        private void FluentValidationConfig()
        {
            AssemblyScanner.FindValidatorsInAssembly(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly())
                .ForEach(result =>
                {
                    For(result.InterfaceType)
                        .Singleton()
                        .Use(result.ValidatorType);
                });
        }

        private static void AddMapFrom(IProfileExpression cfg)
        {
            var types = typeof(RoleViewModel).Assembly.GetExportedTypes();
            var maps = (from t in types
                        from i in t.GetInterfaces()
                        where i.IsGenericType && i.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(IMapFrom<>) && !t.IsAbstract &&
                              !t.IsInterface
                        select new
                        {
                            Source = i.GetGenericArguments()[0],
                            Destination = t
                        }).ToArray();

            foreach (var map in maps)
                cfg.CreateMap(map.Source, map.Destination);
        }

        private static void AddProfiles(IContext ctx, IMapperConfigurationExpression cfg)
        {
            var profiles = ctx.GetAllInstances<Profile>().ToList();
            foreach (var profile in profiles)
                cfg.AddProfile(profile);
        }

        private static void AddIHaveCustomMappings(IContext ctx, IMapperConfigurationExpression cfg)
        {
            var mappings = ctx.GetAllInstances<IHaveCustomMappings>().ToList();
            foreach (var mapping in mappings)
                mapping.CreateMappings(cfg);
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

namespace MyApp.Web
{
    public class WebRegistry : Registry
    {
        public WebRegistry()
        {
            Scan(scan =>
            {
                scan.TheCallingAssembly();
                scan.WithDefaultConventions();
                scan.AssembliesFromApplicationBaseDirectory();
                
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnEndTask>();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnOwinStartupTask>();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnStartTask>();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnBeginRequestTask>();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnErrorTask>();
                scan.AddAllTypesOf<IRunOnEndRequestTask>();

                scan.Assembly(typeof(ServiceLayerRegistry).Assembly);
                scan.LookForRegistries();
            });
        }
    }
}

using System;

namespace MvcApplication7.Models
{
    public class User
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public string Password { set; get; }
        public DateTime AddDate { set; get; }
        public bool IsAdmin { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace MvcApplication7.Models
{
    public class Users
    {
        public IList<User> CreateInMemoryDataSource()
        {
            return new[]
            {
                new User { Id = 1, Name = "User1", Password = "123", IsAdmin = false, AddDate = DateTime.Now },
                new User { Id = 2, Name = "User2", Password = "456", IsAdmin = false, AddDate = DateTime.Now },
                new User { Id = 3, Name = "User3", Password = "789", IsAdmin = true, AddDate = DateTime.Now }
            };
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using MvcApplication7.Models;

namespace MvcApplication7.Controllers
{
    public class UserController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            var usersList = new Users().CreateInMemoryDataSource();
            return View(usersList); // Shows the Index view.
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Details(int id)
        {
            var user = new Users().CreateInMemoryDataSource().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);
            if (user == null)
                return View("Error");
            return View(user); // Shows the Details view.
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Create()
        {
            var user = new User { AddDate = DateTime.Now };
            return View(user); // Shows the Create view.
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Create(User user)
        {
            if (this.ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                // todo: Add record
                return RedirectToAction("Index");
            }
            return View(user); // Shows the Create view again.
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Edit(int id)
        {
            var user = new Users().CreateInMemoryDataSource().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);
            if (user == null)
                return View("Error");
            return View(user); // Shows the Edit view.
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Edit(User user)
        {
            if (this.ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                // todo: Edit record
                return RedirectToAction("Index");
            }
            return View(user); // Shows the Edit view again.
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Delete(int id)
        {
            // todo: Delete record
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }
    }
}

@Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id=item.Id }

@using (Html.BeginForm(actionName: "Delete", controllerName: "User", routeValues: new { id = item.Id }))
{
    <input type="submit" value="Delete" 
              onclick="return confirm ('Do you want to delete this record?');" />
}

@Html.ValidationSummary(true)

ModelState.AddModelError(string.Empty, "There is something wrong with model.");

@Html.EditorFor(model => model.AddDate)
@Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.AddDate)

public ActionResult Edit([Bind(Include = "Name, Password")] User user)

[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Edit()
{
    var user = new User();
    if(TryUpdateModel(user, includeProperties: new[] { "Name", "Password" }))
    {                
                // todo: Edit record
                return RedirectToAction("Index");
     }
     return View(user); // Shows the Edit view again.
}

public ActionResult Edit([Bind(Exclude = "IsAdmin")] User user)

using System;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MvcApplication7.Models
{
    [Bind(Exclude = "IsAdmin")]
    public class User
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public string Password { set; get; }
        public DateTime AddDate { set; get; }
        public bool IsAdmin { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;

namespace MvcApplication7.Models
{
    public class User
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public string Password { set; get; }
        public DateTime AddDate { set; get; }

        [ReadOnly(true)]
        public bool IsAdmin { set; get; }
    }
}

public class MyViewModel
{
    public SomeDomainModel1 Model1 { get; set; }
    public SomeDomainModel2 Model2 { get; set; }
    ...
}

public class MyViewModel
{
    public string SomeExtraField1 { get; set; }
    public string SomeExtraField2 { get; set; }
    public IEnumerable<SelectListItem> StateSelectList { get; set; }
    // ...
    public string PersonFullName { set; set; }
}

namespace MvcApplication7.Models
{
    public class UserViewModel
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Password { set; get; }
    }
}

[HttpGet]
public ActionResult Upload()
{
       return View(); // Shows the upload page
}

[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Upload(System.Web.HttpPostedFileBase file)
{
       string filename = Server.MapPath("~/files/somename.ext");
       file.SaveAs(filename);
       return RedirectToAction("Index");
}

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Upload";
}
<h2>
    Upload</h2>
@using (Html.BeginForm(actionName: "Upload", controllerName: "User", 
                       method: FormMethod.Post,
                       htmlAttributes: new { enctype = "multipart/form-data" }))
{
    <text>Upload a photo:</text> <input type="file" name="photo" />
    <input type="submit" value="Upload" />
}

using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MvcApplication7.Binders
{
    public class PersianDateModelBinder : IModelBinder
    {

        public object BindModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext)
        {
            var valueResult = bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue(bindingContext.ModelName);
            var modelState = new ModelState { Value = valueResult };
            object actualValue = null;
            try
            {
                var parts = valueResult.AttemptedValue.Split('/'); //ex. 1391/1/19
                if (parts.Length != 3) return null;
                int year = int.Parse(parts[0]);
                int month = int.Parse(parts[1]);
                int day = int.Parse(parts[2]);
                actualValue = new DateTime(year, month, day, new PersianCalendar());
            }
            catch (FormatException e)
            {
                modelState.Errors.Add(e);
            }

            bindingContext.ModelState.Add(bindingContext.ModelName, modelState);
            return actualValue;
        }
    }
}

ModelBinders.Binders.Add(typeof(DateTime), new PersianDateModelBinder());

public ActionResult Create([ModelBinder(typeof(PersianDateModelBinder))] User user)

[ModelBinder(typeof(PersianDateModelBinder))]
public class User
{

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<transcript>
<text start="23.49" dur="5.97">
  &amp;gt;&amp;gt;Commentator: We have here today, Steve with
  us whom I met not too long ago at something
</text>
...
</transcript>

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace YtSubs
{
  public class GoogleXmlToSrt
  {
      public string ConvertXmlToSrt(string url)
      {
          var transcript = loadTranscript(url);

          var srtBuf = new StringBuilder();
          var lineNumber = 0;

          foreach (var item in transcript.Root.Elements("text"))
          {
              lineNumber++;
              srtBuf.Append(lineNumber.ToString());

              var timeLine = getTimeLine(item);
              srtBuf.AppendFormat("{0}{1} --> {2}{3}", Environment.NewLine, timeLine.Item1, timeLine.Item2, Environment.NewLine);

              var msg = decodeText(item);
              srtBuf.AppendLine(msg + Environment.NewLine);
          }
          return srtBuf.ToString();
      }

      private static XDocument loadTranscript(string url)
      {
          var transcript = XDocument.Load(url);

          if (transcript.Root == null)
              throw new InvalidOperationException("couldn't load received data.");
          return transcript;
      }

      private static string decodeText(XElement text)
      {
          var textValue = text.Value.Split('\n');
          var msg = textValue.Aggregate(
                  string.Empty, (current, line) =>
                  current + (HttpUtility.HtmlDecode(line.Trim()) + Environment.NewLine)
                  );
          return msg.Trim();
      }

      private static int fractionalPart(string data)
      {
          var idx = data.IndexOf(".");
          if (idx == -1) return 0;
          var fractionalPart = data.Substring(idx + 1);
          if (fractionalPart.Length == 1) //3.4 --> 3.400
              return int.Parse(fractionalPart + "00");

          if (fractionalPart.Length == 2) //3.04 --> 3.040
              return int.Parse(fractionalPart + "0");

          return int.Parse(fractionalPart.Substring(0, 3));
      }

      private Tuple<string, string> getTimeLine(XElement text)
      {
          var startTs = getStartTs(text);
          TimeSpan endTs = getEndTs(text, startTs);
          return new Tuple<string, string>(timeSpanToString(startTs), timeSpanToString(endTs));
      }

      private static TimeSpan getStartTs(XElement text)
      {
          var startData = text.Attribute("start");
          if (startData == null)
              throw new InvalidOperationException("This is not a valid subtitle file.");

          var start = startData.Value;
          var startTs = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, (int)Math.Truncate(double.Parse(start)), fractionalPart(start));
          return startTs;
      }

      private static TimeSpan getEndTs(XElement text, TimeSpan startTs)
      {
          TimeSpan endTs;
          var durData = text.Attribute("dur");
          if (durData == null)
          {
              endTs = startTs + new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 3, 0);
          }
          else
          {
              var dur = durData.Value;
              var durTs = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, (int)Math.Truncate(double.Parse(dur)), fractionalPart(dur));
              endTs = startTs + durTs;
          }
          return endTs;
      }

      private static string timeSpanToString(TimeSpan lineTs)
      {
          return string.Format("{0}:{1}:{2},{3}",
                      lineTs.Hours.ToString("D2"),
                      lineTs.Minutes.ToString("D2"),
                      lineTs.Seconds.ToString("D2"),
                      lineTs.Milliseconds.ToString("D3"));
      }
  }
}

using System.IO;

namespace YtSubs
{
  class Program
  {
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
          var url = "http://video.google.com/timedtext?hl=en&v=-PA-buwI3q4&lang=en";
          //var url = "subtitle.xml";
          var srtBuf = new GoogleXmlToSrt().ConvertXmlToSrt(url);
          File.WriteAllText("-PA-buwI3q4.srt", srtBuf);
      }
  }
}