dynamic text = “String value”;
int textLength = text.Length;
int textMonth = text.Month; // throws exception at runtime

public dynamic GetAnonymousType()
{
  return new
    {
        Name = “John”,
        Surname = “Doe”,
        Age = 42
    };
}

dynamic value = GetAnonymousType();
Console.WriteLine($”{value.Name} {value.Surname}, {value.Age}”);

dynamic person = new ExpandoObject();
person.Name = "John";
person.Surname = "Doe";
person.Age = 42;
person.ToString = (Func<string>)(() => $”{person.Name} {person.Surname}, {person. Age}”);

Console.WriteLine($"{ person.Name}{ person.Surname}, { person.Age}");

var dictionary = (IDictionary<string, object>)person;
foreach (var member in dictionary)
{
     Console.WriteLine($”{member.Key} = {member.Value}”);
}
dictionary.Remove(“ToString”);

DynamicObject

از آنجایی که ExpandoObject برای سناریو‌های ساده کاربرد دارد و کنترل کمتری بر روی اعضا و نمونه‌های ایجاد شده‌ی توسط آن داریم، می‌توان از شیء DynamicObject استفاده کرد؛ البته نیاز به کدنویسی بیشتری دارد. پیاده‌سازی اعضا برای شیء DynamicObject در یک کلاس صورت میگیرد که در زیر آورده شده‌است:

class MyDynamicObject : DynamicObject
{
       private readonly Dictionary<string, object> members = new Dictionary<string, object>();

       public override bool TryGetMember(GetMemberBinder binder, out object result)
       {
              if (members.ContainsKey(binder.Name))
              {
                  result = members[binder.Name];
                  return true;
              }
              else
              {
                  result = null;
                  return false;
             }
       }

      public override bool TrySetMember(SetMemberBinder binder, object value)
      {
               members[binder.Name] = value;
              return true;
      }

      public bool RemoveMember(string name)
      {
            return members.Remove(name);
      }

}

dynamic person = new MyDynamicObject();
person.Name = “John”;
person.Surname = “Doe”;
person.Age = 42;
person.AsString = (Func<string>)(() => $”{person.Name} {person.Surname}, {person.
Age}”);

    public interface IPagedQueryModel
    {
        int Page { get; set; }
        int PageSize { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Expression of Sorting.
        /// </summary>
        /// <example>
        ///     Examples:
        ///     "Name_ASC"
        /// </example>
        string SortExpression { get; set; }
    }

  public class PagedQueryModel : IPagedQueryModel, IShouldNormalize
    {
        public int Page { get; set; }
        public int PageSize { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Expression of Sorting.
        /// </summary>
        /// <example>
        ///     Examples:
        ///     "Name_ASC"
        /// </example>
        public string SortExpression { get; set; }

        public virtual void Normalize()
        {
            if (Page < 1)
                Page = 1;

            if (PageSize < 1)
                PageSize = 10;

            if (SortExpression.IsEmpty())
                SortExpression = "Id_DESC";
        }
    }

    public class PagedQueryResult<TModel>
    {
        public PagedQueryResult()
        {
            Items = new List<TModel>();
        }
        public IEnumerable<TModel> Items { get; set; }
        public long TotalCount { get; set; }
    }

    public class PagedListModel<TModel>
    {
        public IPagedQueryModel Query { get; set; }

        public PagedQueryResult<TModel> Result { get; set; }
    }

    public abstract class CrudApplicationService<TEntity, TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel,
        TPagedQueryModel, TDynamicQueryModel> : ApplicationService,
        ICrudApplicationService<TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel, TPagedQueryModel, TDynamicQueryModel>
        where TEntity : Entity, new()
        where TCreateModel : class
        where TEditModel : class, IModel
        where TModel : class, IModel
        where TDeleteModel : class, IModel
        where TPagedQueryModel : PagedQueryModel, new()
        where TDynamicQueryModel : DynamicQueryModel

    {

        #region Properties

        protected IQueryable<TEntity> UnTrackedEntitySet => EntitySet.AsNoTracking();
        public IUnitOfWork UnitOfWork { get; set; }
        public IMapper Mapper { get; set; }
        protected IDbSet<TEntity> EntitySet => UnitOfWork.Set<TEntity>();

        #endregion

        #region ICrudApplicationService Members

        #region Methods

        public virtual async Task<PagedQueryResult<TModel>> GetPagedListAsync(TPagedQueryModel model)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(model, nameof(model));

            var query = ApplyFiltering(model);

            var totalCount = await query.LongCountAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);

            var result = query.ProjectTo<TModel>(Mapper.ConfigurationProvider);

            result = result.ApplySorting(model);
            result = result.ApplyPaging(model);

            return new PagedQueryResult<TModel>
            {
                Items = await result.ToListAsync().ConfigureAwait(false),
                TotalCount = totalCount
            };
        }
        #endregion

        #endregion

        #region Protected Methods

        /// <summary>
        ///     Apply Filtering To GetPagedList and GetPagedListAsync
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="model"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected virtual IQueryable<TEntity> ApplyFiltering(TPagedQueryModel model)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(model, nameof(model));

            return UnTrackedEntitySet;
        }
        #endregion
    }

    public static class QueryableExtensions
    {
        public static IQueryable<TModel> ApplySorting<TModel>(this IQueryable<TModel> query, IPagedQueryModel request)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(request, nameof(request));
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(query, nameof(query));

            return query.OrderBy(request.SortExpression.Replace('_', ' '));
        }

        public static IQueryable<TModel> ApplyPaging<TModel>(this IQueryable<TModel> query, IPagedQueryModel request)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(request, nameof(request));
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(query, nameof(query));

            return request != null
                ? query.Page((request.Page - 1) * request.PageSize, request.PageSize)
                : query;
        }
    }

public partial class RolesController : BaseController
{
    #region Fields
        private readonly IRoleService _service;
        private readonly ILookupService _lookupService;

        #endregion

    #region Constractor
        public RolesController(IRoleService service,  ILookupService lookupService)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(service, nameof(service));
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(lookupService, nameof(lookupService));

            _service = service;
            _lookupService = lookupService;
        }
        #endregion

    #region Index / List
    [HttpGet]
    public virtual async Task<ActionResult> Index()
    {
        var query = new RolePagedQueryModel();
        var result = await _service.GetPagedListAsync(query).ConfigureAwait(false);

        var pagedList = new PagedListModel<RoleModel>
        {
            Query = query,
            Result = result
        };

        var model = new RoleIndexViewModel
        {
            PagedListModel = pagedList,
            Permissions = _lookupService.GetPermissions()
        };
        return View(model);
    }
    [HttpGet, AjaxOnly, NoOutputCache]
    public virtual async Task<ActionResult> List(RolePagedQueryModel query)
    {
        var result = await _service.GetPagedListAsync(query).ConfigureAwait(false);

        var model = new PagedListModel<RoleModel>
        {
            Query = query,
            Result = result
        };

        return PartialView(MVC.Administration.Roles.Views._List, model);
    }
    #endregion
}

    public class RolePagedQueryModel : PagedQueryModel
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Permission { get; set; }
    }

    public class RoleIndexViewModel
    {   
        public RoleIndexViewModel()
        {
            Permissions = new List<LookupItem>();
        }
        public IReadOnlyList<LookupItem> Permissions { get; set; }
        public PagedListModel<RoleModel> PagedListModel { get; set; }
    }

@model RoleIndexViewModel

@{
    ViewBag.Title = L("Administration.Views.Role.Index.Title");
    ViewBag.ActiveMenu = AdministrationMenuNames.RoleManagement;
}

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-12">
        <div id="filterPanel" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="filterPanel">
            <div class="panel panel-default margin-bottom-5">

                <div class="panel-body">
                    @using (Ajax.BeginForm(MVC.Administration.Roles.List(),
new AjaxOptions { UpdateTargetId = "RolesList", HttpMethod = "GET" }, new { id = "filterForm", data_submit_on_reset = "true" }))
                    {
                        <div class="row">
                            <div class="col-md-3">
                                <input type="text" name="Name" class="form-control" value="" placeholder="@L("Administration.Role.Fields.Name")" />
                            </div>
                            <div class="col-md-3">
                                @Html.DropDownList("Permission", Model.Permissions.ToSelectListItems(), L("Administration.Views.Role.FilterBy.Permission"),new {@class="form-control"})
                            </div>
                            <div class="col-md-3">

                                <button type="submit"
                                        role="button"
                                        class="btn btn-info">
                                    @L("Commands.Filter")
                                </button>
                                <button type="reset"
                                        role="button"
                                        class="btn btn-default">
                                    <i class="fa fa-close"></i>
                                    @L("Commands.Reset")
                                </button>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    }
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-12" id="RolesList">
        @{Html.RenderPartial(MVC.Administration.Roles.Views._List, Model.PagedListModel);}
    </div>
</div>

  $(document).on("reset", "form[data-submit-on-reset]",
            function () {
                var form = this;
                setTimeout(function () {
                    $(form).submit();
                });
            });

@model PagedListModel<RoleModel>
@{
    Layout = null;
    var rowNumber = (Model.Query.Page - 1) * Model.Query.PageSize + 1;
    var refreshUrl = Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(new RouteValueDictionary(Model.Query.ToDictionary())));
}

<div class="panel panel-default margin-bottom-5">
    <table class="table table-bordered table-hover" id="RolesListTable" data-ajax-refresh-url="@refreshUrl" data-ajax-refresh-update="#RolesList">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th style="width: 5%;">
                    #
                </th>
                <th class="col-md-3 sortable">
                    @Html.SortableColumn("Name", L("Administration.Role.Fields.Name"), Model.Query, "RolesList", routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)))
                </th>
                <th class="col-md-3 sortable">
                    @Html.SortableColumn("DisplayName", L("Administration.Role.Fields.DisplayName"), Model.Query, "RolesList", routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)))
                </th>
                <th class="col-md-3 sortable">
                    @Html.SortableColumn("IsDefault", L("Administration.Role.Fields.IsDefault"), Model.Query, "RolesList", routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)))
                </th>
               
                <th style="width: 5%;"></th>
            </tr>
        </thead>

        <tbody>
           @foreach (var role in Model.Result.Items)
            {
                <tr>
                    <td>@(rowNumber++.ToPersianNumbers())</td>
                    <td>@role.Name</td>
                    <td>@role.DisplayName</td>
                    <td class="text-center">@Html.DisplayFor(a => role.IsDefault)</td>
                    <td class="text-center operations">
                      
                        <div class="btn-group">

                            <span class="fa fa-ellipsis-h dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"></span>
                            <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-left">
                                <li>
                                    <a href="#"
                                       role="button"
                                       data-ajax="true"
                                       data-ajax-method="GET"
                                       data-ajax-update="#main-modal div.modal-content"
                                       data-ajax-url="@Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.Edit(role.Id))"
                                       data-toggle="modal"
                                       data-target="#main-modal">
                                        <i class="fa fa-pencil"></i>
                                        @L("Commands.Edit")
                                    </a>
                                </li>
                                <li>
                                    <a href="#"
                                       role="button"
                                       id="delete-@role.Id"
                                       data-delete-url="@Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.Delete())"
                                       data-delete-model='{"Id":"@role.Id","RowVersion":"@Convert.ToBase64String(role.RowVersion)"}'>
                                        <i class="fa fa-trash"></i>
                                        @L("Commands.Delete")
                                    </a>
                                </li>
                            </ul>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                </tr>
            }
        </tbody>
    </table>

</div>

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-8">
        @Html.Pager(Model, "RolesList", routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)))
        @Html.PageSize("RolesList", Model.Query, routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)), new { @class = "margin-right-5" }, "filterForm")
        @Html.Refresh("RolesList", Model.Query, routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)), L("Commands.Refresh"))
    </div>
</div>

    var refreshUrl = Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(new RouteValueDictionary(Model.Query.ToDictionary())));

<table class="table table-bordered table-hover" id="RolesListTable" data-ajax-refresh-url="@refreshUrl" data-ajax-refresh-update="#RolesList">

<th class="col-md-3 sortable">
    @Html.SortableColumn("Name", L("Administration.Role.Fields.Name"), Model.Query, "RolesList", routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)))
</th>

        public static MvcHtmlString SortableColumn(this HtmlHelper html, string columnName,
            string columnDisplayName, IPagedQueryModel queryModel, string updateTargetId, Func<RouteValueDictionary, string> urlFactory)
        {
            var dictionary = queryModel.ToDictionary();

            var routeValueDictionary = new RouteValueDictionary(dictionary)
            {
                ["SortExpression"] = !queryModel.SortExpression.StartsWith(columnName)
                    ? $"{columnName}_DESC" : queryModel.SortExpression.EndsWith("DESC")
                        ? $"{columnName}_ASC" : queryModel.SortExpression.EndsWith("ASC")
                            ? string.Empty : $"{columnName}_DESC"
            };

            var url = urlFactory(routeValueDictionary);

            var aTag = new TagBuilder("a");
            aTag.Attributes.Add("href", "#");
            aTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax", "true");
            aTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-method", "GET");
            aTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-update", updateTargetId.StartsWith("#") ? updateTargetId : $"#{updateTargetId}");
            aTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-url", url);
            aTag.InnerHtml = columnDisplayName;

            var iconCssClass = !queryModel.SortExpression.StartsWith(columnName)
                ? "fa-sort"
                : queryModel.SortExpression.EndsWith("DESC")
                    ? "fa-sort-down"
                    : "fa-sort-up";

            var iTag = new TagBuilder("i");
            iTag.AddCssClass($"fa {iconCssClass}");

            return new MvcHtmlString($"{aTag}\n{iTag}");
        }

public static IDictionary<string, object> ToDictionary(this object source)
{
    return source.ToDictionary<object>();
}

public static IDictionary<string, T> ToDictionary<T>(this object source)
{
    if (source == null)
        throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(source));

    var dictionary = new Dictionary<string, T>();

    foreach (PropertyDescriptor property in TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(source))
    {
        AddPropertyToDictionary(property, source, dictionary);
    }
    return dictionary;
}

private static void AddPropertyToDictionary<T>(PropertyDescriptor property, object source,
    IDictionary<string, T> dictionary)
{
    var value = property.GetValue(source);

    var items = value as IEnumerable;

    if (items != null && !(items is string))
    {
        var i = 0;
        foreach (var item in items)
        {
            dictionary.Add($"{property.Name}[{i++}]", (T)item);
        }
    }
    else if (value is T)
    {
        dictionary.Add(property.Name, (T)value);
    }

}

var routeValueDictionary = new RouteValueDictionary(dictionary)
{
    ["SortExpression"] = !queryModel.SortExpression.StartsWith(columnName)
        ? $"{columnName}_DESC" : queryModel.SortExpression.EndsWith("DESC")
            ? $"{columnName}_ASC" : queryModel.SortExpression.EndsWith("ASC")
                ? string.Empty : $"{columnName}_DESC"
};

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-8">
        @Html.Pager(Model, "RolesList", routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)))
        @Html.PageSize("RolesList", Model.Query, routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)), new { @class = "margin-right-5" }, "filterForm")
        @Html.Refresh("RolesList", Model.Query, routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)), L("Commands.Refresh"))
    </div>
</div>

public static MvcHtmlString Pager<TModel>(this HtmlHelper html, PagedListModel<TModel> model,
        string updateTargetId, Func<RouteValueDictionary, string> urlFactory)
{
    return html.PagedListPager(
        new StaticPagedList<TModel>(model.Result.Items, model.Query.Page, model.Query.PageSize,
            (int)model.Result.TotalCount), page =>
       {
           var dictionary = model.Query.ToDictionary();
           var routeValueDictionary = new RouteValueDictionary(dictionary) { ["Page"] = page };
           return urlFactory(routeValueDictionary);
       }, PagedListRenderOptions.EnableUnobtrusiveAjaxReplacing(
            new PagedListRenderOptions
            {
                DisplayLinkToFirstPage = PagedListDisplayMode.Always,
                DisplayLinkToLastPage = PagedListDisplayMode.Always,
                DisplayLinkToPreviousPage = PagedListDisplayMode.Always,
                DisplayLinkToNextPage = PagedListDisplayMode.Always,
                MaximumPageNumbersToDisplay = 6,
                DisplayItemSliceAndTotal = true,
                DisplayEllipsesWhenNotShowingAllPageNumbers = true,
                ItemSliceAndTotalFormat = $"تعداد کل: {model.Result.TotalCount.ToPersianNumbers()}",
                FunctionToDisplayEachPageNumber = page => page.ToPersianNumbers(),
            },
            new AjaxOptions
            {
                AllowCache = false,
                HttpMethod = "GET",
                InsertionMode = InsertionMode.Replace,
                UpdateTargetId = updateTargetId
            }));
}

public static MvcHtmlString PageSize(this HtmlHelper html, string updateTargetId, IPagedQueryModel queryModel, Func<RouteValueDictionary, string> urlFactory, object htmlAttributes = null, string filterFormId = null, params int[] numbers)
{
    if (numbers.Length == 0)
        numbers = new[] { 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 };

    var dictionary = queryModel.ToDictionary();

    var routeValueDictionary = new RouteValueDictionary(dictionary)
    {
        [nameof(IPagedQueryModel.Page)] = 1
    };
    routeValueDictionary.Remove(nameof(IPagedQueryModel.PageSize));

    var url = urlFactory(routeValueDictionary);

    var formTag = new TagBuilder("form");
    formTag.Attributes.Add("action", url);
    formTag.Attributes.Add("method", "GET");
    formTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax", "true");
    formTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-method", "GET");
    formTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-update", updateTargetId.StartsWith("#") ? updateTargetId : $"#{updateTargetId}");
    formTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-url", url);

    if (htmlAttributes != null)
        formTag.MergeAttributes(HtmlHelper.AnonymousObjectToHtmlAttributes(htmlAttributes));

    formTag.AddCssClass("form-inline inline");

    var items = numbers.Select(number =>
        new SelectListItem
        {
            Value = number.ToString(),
            Text = number.ToString().ToPersianNumbers(),
            Selected = queryModel.PageSize == number
        });

    formTag.InnerHtml = html.DropDownList(nameof(IPagedQueryModel.PageSize), items, new { @class = "form-control page-size", onchange = "$(this.form).submit();" }).ToString();

    if (filterFormId.IsEmpty()) return new MvcHtmlString($"{formTag}");

    // ReSharper disable once MustUseReturnValue
    var scriptBlock = $"<script type=\"text/javascript\"> if(window.jQuery){{$('form#{filterFormId}').find('input[name=\"{nameof(IPagedQueryModel.PageSize)}\"]').remove();\n $('form#{filterFormId}').append(\"<input type='hidden' name='{nameof(IPagedQueryModel.PageSize)}' value='{queryModel.PageSize}'/>\")}}</script>";

    return new MvcHtmlString($"{formTag}\n{scriptBlock}");
}

    formTag.InnerHtml = html.DropDownList(nameof(IPagedQueryModel.PageSize), items, new { @class = "form-control page-size", onchange = "$(this.form).submit();" }).ToString();

  var scriptBlock = $"<script type=\"text/javascript\"> if(window.jQuery){{$('form#{filterFormId}').find('input[name=\"{nameof(IPagedQueryModel.PageSize)}\"]').remove();\n $('form#{filterFormId}').append(\"<input type='hidden' name='{nameof(IPagedQueryModel.PageSize)}' value='{queryModel.PageSize}'/>\")}}</script>";

public static MvcHtmlString Refresh(this HtmlHelper html, string updateTargetId, IPagedQueryModel queryModel,
    Func<RouteValueDictionary, string> urlFactory, string label = null)
{
    var dictionary = queryModel.ToDictionary();

    var routeValueDictionary = new RouteValueDictionary(dictionary);

    var url = urlFactory(routeValueDictionary);

    var aTag = new TagBuilder("a");
    aTag.Attributes.Add("href", "#");
    aTag.Attributes.Add("role", "button");
    aTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax", "true");
    aTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-method", "GET");
    aTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-update", updateTargetId.StartsWith("#") ? updateTargetId : $"#{updateTargetId}");
    aTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-url", url);
    aTag.AddCssClass("btn btn-default");

    var iTag = new TagBuilder("i");
    iTag.AddCssClass("fa fa-refresh");

    aTag.InnerHtml = $"{iTag} {label}";

    return new MvcHtmlString(aTag.ToString());
}

namespace EntitySample1.DomainClasses
{
    public class Person
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string FirstName { get; set; }
        public string LastName { get; set; }
        public DateTime BirthDate { get; set; }
        public virtual PersonInfo PersonInfo { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<PhoneNumber> PhoneNumbers { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<Address> Addresses { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace EntitySample1.DomainClasses
{
    public class PersonInfo
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Note { get; set; }
        public string Major { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace EntitySample1.DomainClasses
{
    public enum PhoneType
    {
        Home,
        Mobile,
        Work
    }

    public class PhoneNumber
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Number { get; set; }
        public PhoneType PhoneType { get; set; }
        public virtual Person Person { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace EntitySample1.DomainClasses
{
    public class Address
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string City { get; set; }
        public string Street { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<Person> Persons { get; set; }
    }
}