Sugar
Butter

 IEnumerable<Ingredient> query = ingredients.Where((ingredient, index) => ingredient.Name == "Sugar" || index == 4);

 IEnumerable<Ingredient> gueryExpression =
from i in ingredients
where i.Calories >= 200
select i;

 IEnumerable<string> query = ingredients.Select(x => x.Name);

 IEnumerable<int> query = ingredients.Select(x => x.Name.Length);

{ Name = Sugar, Length = 5 }
{ Name = Egg, Length = 3 }
{ Name = Milk, Length = 4 }
{ Name = Flour, Length = 5 }
{ Name = Butter, Length = 6 }

 S
u
g
a
r
E
g
g
M
i
l
k
F
l
o
u
r
B
u
t
t
e
r

 Sugar
Egg
Milk

Sugar
Milk

 IEnumerable<Ingredient> query =
(from i in ingredients
  where i.Calories > 100
  select i).Take(2);
TakeWhile

 Sugar
Egg
Milk

 Flour
Butter

 First Page :
 - Sugar
 - Egg
Second Page :
 - Milk
 - Flour
Third Page :
 - Butter
SkipWhile

 Milk
Flour
Butter

 npm update -g

 ng new MaterialAngularClient --routing

cd MaterialAngularClient
ng serve -o

 ng add @angular/material

npm install --save @angular/material @angular/cdk
npm install --save @angular/animations
npm install --save hammerjs

 import "hammerjs";

import { BrowserAnimationsModule } from "@angular/platform-browser/animations";

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    BrowserAnimationsModule,
    AppRoutingModule
  ]
})
export class AppModule { }

import { CommonModule } from "@angular/common";
import { NgModule, Optional, SkipSelf } from "@angular/core";
import { RouterModule } from "@angular/router";


@NgModule({
  imports: [CommonModule, RouterModule],
  exports: [
    // components that are used in app.component.ts will be listed here.
  ],
  declarations: [
    // components that are used in app.component.ts will be listed here.
  ],
  providers: [
    /* ``No`` global singleton services of the whole app should be listed here anymore!
       Since they'll be already provided in AppModule using the `tree-shakable providers` of Angular 6.x+ (providedIn: 'root').
       This new feature allows cleaning up the providers section from the CoreModule.
       But if you want to provide something with an InjectionToken other that its class, you still have to use this section.
    */
  ]
})
export class CoreModule {
  constructor(@Optional() @SkipSelf() core: CoreModule) {
    if (core) {
      throw new Error("CoreModule should be imported ONLY in AppModule.");
    }
  }
}

import { CommonModule } from "@angular/common";
import { HttpClientModule } from "@angular/common/http";
import { ModuleWithProviders, NgModule } from "@angular/core";
import { FormsModule } from "@angular/forms";

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    CommonModule,
    FormsModule,
    HttpClientModule
  ],
  entryComponents: [
    // All components about to be loaded "dynamically" need to be declared in the entryComponents section.
  ],
  declarations: [
    // common and shared components/directives/pipes between more than one module and components will be listed here.
  ],
  exports: [
    // common and shared components/directives/pipes between more than one module and components will be listed here.
    CommonModule,
    FormsModule,
    HttpClientModule,
  ]
  /* No providers here! Since they’ll be already provided in AppModule. */
})
export class SharedModule {
  static forRoot(): ModuleWithProviders {
    // Forcing the whole app to use the returned providers from the AppModule only.
    return {
      ngModule: SharedModule,
      providers: [ /* All of your services here. It will hold the services needed by `itself`. */]
    };
  }
}

import { CoreModule } from "./core/core.module";
import { SharedModule } from "./shared/shared.module";

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    BrowserAnimationsModule,
    CoreModule,
    SharedModule.forRoot(),
    AppRoutingModule
  ]
})
export class AppModule { }

import { CdkTableModule } from "@angular/cdk/table";
import { NgModule } from "@angular/core";
import {
  MatAutocompleteModule,
  MatButtonModule,
  MatButtonToggleModule,
  MatCardModule,
  MatCheckboxModule,
  MatChipsModule,
  MatDatepickerModule,
  MatDialogModule,
  MatExpansionModule,
  MatFormFieldModule,
  MatGridListModule,
  MatIconModule,
  MatInputModule,
  MatListModule,
  MatMenuModule,
  MatNativeDateModule,
  MatPaginatorModule,
  MatProgressBarModule,
  MatProgressSpinnerModule,
  MatRadioModule,
  MatRippleModule,
  MatSelectModule,
  MatSidenavModule,
  MatSliderModule,
  MatSlideToggleModule,
  MatSnackBarModule,
  MatSortModule,
  MatStepperModule,
  MatTableModule,
  MatTabsModule,
  MatToolbarModule,
  MatTooltipModule,
} from "@angular/material";

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    MatAutocompleteModule,
    MatButtonModule,
    MatButtonToggleModule,
    MatCardModule,
    MatCheckboxModule,
    MatChipsModule,
    MatDatepickerModule,
    MatDialogModule,
    MatExpansionModule,
    MatFormFieldModule,
    MatGridListModule,
    MatIconModule,
    MatInputModule,
    MatListModule,
    MatMenuModule,
    MatNativeDateModule,
    MatPaginatorModule,
    MatProgressBarModule,
    MatProgressSpinnerModule,
    MatRadioModule,
    MatRippleModule,
    MatSelectModule,
    MatSidenavModule,
    MatSliderModule,
    MatSlideToggleModule,
    MatSnackBarModule,
    MatStepperModule,
    MatSortModule,
    MatTableModule,
    MatTabsModule,
    MatToolbarModule,
    MatTooltipModule,
    CdkTableModule
  ],
  exports: [
    MatAutocompleteModule,
    MatButtonModule,
    MatButtonToggleModule,
    MatCardModule,
    MatCheckboxModule,
    MatChipsModule,
    MatDatepickerModule,
    MatDialogModule,
    MatExpansionModule,
    MatGridListModule,
    MatIconModule,
    MatInputModule,
    MatListModule,
    MatMenuModule,
    MatNativeDateModule,
    MatPaginatorModule,
    MatProgressBarModule,
    MatProgressSpinnerModule,
    MatRadioModule,
    MatRippleModule,
    MatSelectModule,
    MatSidenavModule,
    MatSliderModule,
    MatSlideToggleModule,
    MatSnackBarModule,
    MatStepperModule,
    MatSortModule,
    MatTableModule,
    MatTabsModule,
    MatToolbarModule,
    MatTooltipModule,
    CdkTableModule
  ]
})
export class MaterialModule {
}

import { MaterialModule } from "./material.module";

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    CommonModule,
    FormsModule,
    HttpClientModule,
    MaterialModule
  ],
  exports: [
    // common and shared components/directives/pipes between more than one module and components will be listed here.
    CommonModule,
    FormsModule,
    HttpClientModule,
    MaterialModule
  ]
})
export class SharedModule {
}

 <button mat-button>Click me!</button>

 <mat-checkbox>Check me!</mat-checkbox>

 @import "~@angular/material/prebuilt-themes/indigo-pink.css";

 <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons" rel="stylesheet">

<button mat-button>
  <mat-icon>face</mat-icon>
  Click me!
</button>
<mat-checkbox>Check me!</mat-checkbox>

 npm install material-design-icons --save

"styles": [
   "node_modules/material-design-icons/iconfont/material-icons.css",
   "src/styles.css"
],

 declare @data xml
set @data = (select * from openrowset(bulk 'c:\path\data.xml', single_blob) as x)

  for $p in doc("data.xml")/people/person
 where $p/age > 30
 return $p/name/givenName/text()

 SELECT @data.query('
 for $p in /people/person
 where $p/age > 30
 return $p/name/givenName/text()
 ')

 SELECT @data.value('/people/person/age', 'int')

 XQuery [value()]: 'value()' requires a singleton (or empty sequence), found operand of type 'xdt:untypedAtomic *'

 SELECT @data.value('(/people/person/age)[1]', 'int')

 Infer.exe people.xml -o schema.xsd

<xs:schema attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <xs:element name="people">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="person">
          <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
              <xs:element name="name">
                <xs:complexType>
                  <xs:sequence>
                    <xs:element name="givenName" type="xs:string" />
                    <xs:element name="familyName" type="xs:string" />
                  </xs:sequence>
                </xs:complexType>
              </xs:element>
              <xs:element name="age" type="xs:unsignedByte" />
              <xs:element name="height" type="xs:string" />
            </xs:sequence>
          </xs:complexType>
        </xs:element>
      </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
</xs:schema>

 declare @schema xml
set @schema = (select * from openrowset(bulk 'c:\path\schema_1.xsd', single_blob) as x)

 CREATE XML SCHEMA COLLECTION poeple_xsd AS @schema

 DECLARE @data XML(poeple_xsd)
SET @data = 'مانند قبل با همان محتوایی که در ابتدای بحث عنوان شد'
 

 SELECT @data.value('/people/person[1]/age', 'int')

 XQuery [value()]: 'value()' requires a singleton (or empty sequence), found operand of type 'xs:unsignedByte *'

 DECLARE @data XML(document poeple_xsd)

 DECLARE @x XML
SET @x=''
SELECT @x.query(
'
1,2
(: 1,2 :)
')

 DECLARE @x XML
SET @x=''
SELECT @x.query(
'
for $x in (1,2,3)
for $y in (4,5)
return ($x,$y)
')

 DECLARE @x XML
SET @x=''
SELECT @x.query(
'
1, <node/>
')

 XQuery [query()]: Heterogeneous sequences are not allowed: found 'xs:integer' and 'element(node,xdt:untyped)'

@typeparam T
@inherits InputBase<T>

    protected override bool TryParseValueFromString(
        string? value,
        [MaybeNullWhen(false)] out T result,
        [NotNullWhen(false)] out string? validationErrorMessage)
    {
      // ...
    }

    protected override string FormatValueAsString(T? value)
    {
      // ...
    }

<link href="_content/BlazorPersianJavaScriptDatePicker.Lib/css/PersianDatePicker.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<script src="_content/BlazorPersianJavaScriptDatePicker.Lib/js/PersianDatePicker.js?v=1"></script>

@using BlazorPersianJavaScriptDatePicker.Lib

@typeparam T
@inherits InputBase<T>

<div>
    <span style="cursor:pointer"
          onclick="PersianDatePicker.Show(document.getElementById('@ElementId'), '@Today')">
        📅
    </span>
    <input
        @attributes="@AdditionalAttributes"
        type="text" dir="ltr"
        @ref="ElementReference"
        name="@ElementId" id="@ElementId"
        autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off"
       
        value="@EnteredValue"
        @oninput="OnInput"/>

    @if (ValueExpression is not null)
    {
        <ValidationMessage For="@ValueExpression"/>
    }
</div>

<script src="_content/BlazorPersianJavaScriptDatePicker.Lib/js/activateDatePicker.js?v=1"></script>

public partial class PersianDatePicker<T> : IDisposable
{
    private bool _isDisposed;
    private DotNetObjectReference<PersianDatePicker<T>>? _objectReference;
    private string ElementId { get; } = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
    private ElementReference? ElementReference { set; get; }
    private string Today { get; } = DateTime.Now.ToShortPersianDateString();

    [Inject] private IJSRuntime JsRuntime { set; get; } = default!;

    public void Dispose()
    {
        Dispose(true);
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender)
        {
            _objectReference = DotNetObjectReference.Create(this);
            await JsRuntime.InvokeVoidAsync("activateDatePicker.enableDatePicker", ElementReference, _objectReference);
            EnteredValue = CurrentValueAsString;
            StateHasChanged();
        }
    }

    protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        base.Dispose(disposing);
        if (!_isDisposed)
        {
            try
            {
                _objectReference?.Dispose();
            }
            finally
            {
                _isDisposed = true;
            }
        }
    }
}

[JSInvokable]
public void OnInputFieldChanged(string? value)

public partial class PersianDatePicker<T> : IDisposable
{
    private string? _enteredValue;

    private string? EnteredValue
    {
        set => _enteredValue = value;
        get => UsePersianNumbers ? _enteredValue.ToPersianNumbers() : _enteredValue;
    }

    [Parameter] public bool UsePersianNumbers { set; get; }

    [Parameter] public string ParsingErrorMessage { get; set; } = "لطفا در ورودی {0} تاریخ شمسی معتبری را وارد نمائید.";

    [Parameter] public int BeginningOfCentury { set; get; } = 1400;

    private void OnInput(ChangeEventArgs e)
    {
        SetCurrentValue(e.Value as string);
    }

    private void SetCurrentValue(string? value)
    {
        EnteredValue = value;
        CurrentValueAsString = value;
    }

    [JSInvokable]
    public void OnInputFieldChanged(string? value)
    {
        SetCurrentValue(value);
    }

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        base.OnInitialized();
        SanityCheck();
    }

    protected override bool TryParseValueFromString(
        string? value,
        [MaybeNullWhen(false)] out T result,
        [NotNullWhen(false)] out string? validationErrorMessage)
    {
        validationErrorMessage = string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, ParsingErrorMessage, DisplayName);
        if (!value.TryParsePersianDateToDateTimeOrDateTimeOffset(out result, BeginningOfCentury))
        {
            return false;
        }

        if (result is null)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException(validationErrorMessage);
        }

        validationErrorMessage = null;
        return true;
    }

    protected override string FormatValueAsString(T? value)
    {
        return !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(EnteredValue) ? EnteredValue : value.FormatDateToShortPersianDate();
    }

    private void SanityCheck()
    {
        if (!Value.IsDateTimeOrDateTimeOffsetType())
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException(
                "The `Value` type is not a supported `date` type. DateTime, DateTime?, DateTimeOffset and DateTimeOffset? are supported.");
        }
    }

    // ...
}

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace BlazorPersianJavaScriptDatePicker.ViewModels;

public class InputPersianDateViewModel
{
    [Required] public string Name { set; get; } = default!;

    [Required] public DateTime BirthDayGregorian { set; get; } = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-40);

    public DateTime? LoginAt { set; get; } = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(-2);

    [Required] public DateTimeOffset LogoutAt { set; get; }

    public DateTimeOffset? RegisterAt { set; get; } = DateTimeOffset.Now.AddMinutes(-10);
}

<EditForm Model="Model" OnValidSubmit="DoSave">
    <DataAnnotationsValidator/>

    <div>
        <label>تاریخ تولد</label>
        <div>
            <PersianDatePicker
                @bind-Value="Model.BirthDayGregorian"
                UsePersianNumbers="false"
               />
        </div>
    </div>

    <button type="submit">ارسال</button>
</EditForm>

 public static void Initialize(Assembly assembly)
 {
     //register global convertors.
     AutoMapper.Mapper.CreateMap<DateTime, string>().ConvertUsing<DateTimeToPersianDateTimeConverter>();

     var typesToMap = from t in assembly.GetTypes()
         let attr = t.GetCustomAttribute<MapFromAttribute>()
         where attr != null
         select new {SourceType = attr.SourceType, Destination = t, Attribute = attr};

     foreach (var map in typesToMap)
     {
         AutoMapper.Mapper.CreateMap(map.SourceType, map.Destination)             
             .DoMapForMemberAttribute() // for different property names in source and destination
             .DoIgnoreMapAttribute()// ignore specified properties
             .DoUseValueResolverAttribute()// set value resolvers
             .DoIgnoreAllNonExisting()// its have to be the latest.
             ;
     } //endeach
     AutoMapper.Mapper.AssertConfigurationIsValid();
 }

public static IMappingExpression DoMapForMemberAttribute(this IMappingExpression expression)
{
    var ok =
        from p in expression.TypeMap.DestinationType.GetProperties()
        let attr = p.GetCustomAttribute<MapForMemberAttribute>()
        where attr != null
        select new {AttributeValue = attr, PropertyName = p.Name};

     foreach (var property in ok)
     {
         expression.ForMember(property.PropertyName, 
             opt => opt.MapFrom(property.AttributeValue.MemberToMap));
     }
    return expression;
}

public static IMappingExpression DoIgnoreAttribute(this IMappingExpression expression)
{
    foreach (var property in
        expression.TypeMap.DestinationType.GetProperties()
        .Where(x => x.GetCustomAttribute<IgnoreMapAttribute>() != null))
    {
        expression.ForMember(property.Name, opt => opt.Ignore());
    }
    return expression;
}

public static IMappingExpression DoUseValueResolverAttribute(this IMappingExpression expression)
{
    var ok =
        from p in expression.TypeMap.DestinationType.GetProperties()
        let attr = p.GetCustomAttribute<UseValueResolverAttribute>()
        where attr != null
        select new {AttributeValue = attr, PropertyName = p.Name};

    foreach (var property in ok)
    {
        expression.ForMember(property.PropertyName,
            opt => opt.ResolveUsing(property.AttributeValue.ValueResolver));
    }
    return expression;
}

public static IMappingExpression DoIgnoreAllNonExisting(this IMappingExpression expression)
{
    var attr = expression.TypeMap.DestinationType.GetCustomAttribute<MapFromAttribute>();
    
    if (attr?.IgnoreAllNonExistingProperty == false)//instead of if(attr == null || attr.IgnoreAllNonExistingProperty == false)
        return expression;
    
    foreach (var property in expression.TypeMap.GetUnmappedPropertyNames())
    {
        expression.ForMember(property, opt => opt.Ignore());
    }
    return expression;
}

public class Student
{
    public virtual int Id { set; get; }
    public virtual string Name { set; get; }
    public virtual string Family { set; get; }
    public virtual string Email { set; get; }
    public virtual DateTime RegisterDateTime { set; get; }
    public virtual ICollection<Book> Books { set; get; }
}
public class Book
{
    public virtual int Id { set; get; }
    public virtual string Name { set; get; }
    public virtual DateTime BorrowDateTime { set; get; }
    public virtual DateTime ExpiredDateTime { set; get; }
    public virtual decimal Price { set; get; }
    [ForeignKey("StudentIdFk")]
    public virtual Student Student { set; get; }
    public virtual int StudentIdFk { set; get; }
}

[MapFrom(typeof (Student), ignoreAllNonExistingProperty: true, alsoCopyMetadata: true)]
public class AdminStudentViewModel
{
    // [IgnoreMap]
    public int Id { set; get; }

    [MapForMember("Name")]
    public string FirstName { set; get; }

    [MapForMember("Family")]
    public string LastName { set; get; }
 



    [IgnoreMap] 
    public string Email { set; get; }

    [MapForMember("RegisterDateTime")]
    public string RegisterDateTimePersian { set; get; }

    [UseValueResolver(typeof (BookCountValueResolver))]
    public int BookCounts { set; get; }

    [UseValueResolver(typeof (BookPriceValueResolver))]
    public decimal TotalBookPrice { set; get; }
};

public class BookCountValueResolver : ValueResolver<Student, int>
{
    protected override int ResolveCore(Student source) => source.Books.Count;
};
public class BookPriceValueResolver : ValueResolver<Student, decimal>
{
    protected override decimal ResolveCore(Student source) => source.Books.Sum(b => b.Price);
};

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var assemblyToLoad = Assembly.GetAssembly(typeof (AdminStudentViewModel));//get assembly
    global::AttributesForAutomapper.Configuration.Initialize(assemblyToLoad);//init automaper
    IList<Student> lst;
    using (var context = new MySampleContext())
    {
        lst = context.Students.Include(x => x.Books).ToList();
    }
    foreach (var student in lst)
        {
            WriteLine( $"[{student.Id}]*\n{student.Name} {student.Family}.\nmailto:{student.Email}.\nRegistered at'{student.RegisterDateTime}'");
            foreach (var book in student.Books)
                WriteLine($"\tBook name:{book.Name}, Book price:{book.Price}");
        }
    
    var lstViewModel = AutoMapper.Mapper.Map<IList<Student>, IList<AdminStudentViewModel>>(lst);
    foreach (var adminStudentViewModel in lstViewModel)
    {
        WriteLine(
            $"[{adminStudentViewModel.Id}]*\n\t{adminStudentViewModel.FirstName} {adminStudentViewModel.LastName}.\n\t" +
            $"mailto:{adminStudentViewModel.Email}.\n\tRegistered at'{adminStudentViewModel.RegisterDateTimePersian}'\n\t" +
            $"Book Counts: {adminStudentViewModel.BookCounts} with total price of {adminStudentViewModel.TotalBookPrice}");
    }
    WriteLine("Press any key to exit...");
    ReadKey();
}

[1]*
Morteza Raeisi.
mailto:MrRaeisi@outlook.com.
Registered at'23/08/1392 19:11:43'    // I'm using Windows 10 with Persian calendar as default, On other OS or calendar settings, this value is different.
        Book name:AutoMapper Attr, Book price:1000.00
        Book name:Second Book, Book price:2500.00
        Book name:Hungry Book, Book price:2500.00
...
[1]*
Morteza Raeisi. //MapForMemebers
mailto:.  // IgnoreMap
Registered at'1392/08/23 19:11' // Convert using
Book Counts: 3 with total price of 6000.00  // Value resolvers
...

using System.Security.Claims;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Net.Http.Headers;
using UAParser;

namespace ASPNETCore2JwtAuthentication.Services;

/// <summary>
///     To invalidate an old user's token from a new device
/// </summary>
public class DeviceDetectionService : IDeviceDetectionService
{
    private readonly IHttpContextAccessor _httpContextAccessor;
    private readonly ISecurityService _securityService;

    public DeviceDetectionService(ISecurityService securityService, IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor)
    {
        _securityService = securityService ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(securityService));
        _httpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(httpContextAccessor));
    }

    public string GetCurrentRequestDeviceDetails() => GetDeviceDetails(_httpContextAccessor.HttpContext);

    public string GetDeviceDetails(HttpContext context)
    {
        var ua = GetUserAgent(context);
        if (ua is null)
        {
            return "unknown";
        }

        var client = Parser.GetDefault().Parse(ua);
        var deviceInfo = client.Device.Family;
        var browserInfo = $"{client.UA.Family}, {client.UA.Major}.{client.UA.Minor}";
        var osInfo = $"{client.OS.Family}, {client.OS.Major}.{client.OS.Minor}";
        //TODO: Add the user's IP address here, if it's a banking system.
        return $"{deviceInfo}, {browserInfo}, {osInfo}";
    }

    public string GetDeviceDetailsHash(HttpContext context) =>
        _securityService.GetSha256Hash(GetDeviceDetails(context));

    public string GetCurrentRequestDeviceDetailsHash() => GetDeviceDetailsHash(_httpContextAccessor.HttpContext);

    public string GetCurrentUserTokenDeviceDetailsHash() =>
        GetUserTokenDeviceDetailsHash(_httpContextAccessor.HttpContext?.User.Identity as ClaimsIdentity);

    public string GetUserTokenDeviceDetailsHash(ClaimsIdentity claimsIdentity)
    {
        if (claimsIdentity?.Claims == null || !claimsIdentity.Claims.Any())
        {
            return null;
        }

        return claimsIdentity.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.System)?.Value;
    }

    public bool HasCurrentUserTokenValidDeviceDetails() =>
        HasUserTokenValidDeviceDetails(_httpContextAccessor.HttpContext?.User.Identity as ClaimsIdentity);

    public bool HasUserTokenValidDeviceDetails(ClaimsIdentity claimsIdentity) =>
        string.Equals(GetCurrentRequestDeviceDetailsHash(), GetUserTokenDeviceDetailsHash(claimsIdentity),
                      StringComparison.Ordinal);

    private static string GetUserAgent(HttpContext context)
    {
        if (context is null)
        {
            return null;
        }

        return context.Request.Headers.TryGetValue(HeaderNames.UserAgent, out var userAgent)
                   ? userAgent.ToString()
                   : null;
    }
}

    public string GetDeviceDetails(HttpContext context)
    {
        var ua = GetUserAgent(context);
        if (ua is null)
        {
            return "unknown";
        }

        var client = Parser.GetDefault().Parse(ua);
        var deviceInfo = client.Device.Family;
        var browserInfo = $"{client.UA.Family}, {client.UA.Major}.{client.UA.Minor}";
        var osInfo = $"{client.OS.Family}, {client.OS.Major}.{client.OS.Minor}";
        //TODO: Add the user's IP address here, if it's a banking system.
        return $"{deviceInfo}, {browserInfo}, {osInfo}";
    }

new(ClaimTypes.System, _deviceDetectionService.GetCurrentRequestDeviceDetailsHash(),
ClaimValueTypes.String, _configuration.Value.Issuer),

.AddJwtBearer(cfg =>
{
      cfg.Events = new JwtBearerEvents
      {
           OnTokenValidated = context =>
           {
               var tokenValidatorService = context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ITokenValidatorService>();
              return tokenValidatorService.ValidateAsync(context);
           },
       };
  });

.AddCookie(options =>
{
    options.Events = new CookieAuthenticationEvents
    {
       OnValidatePrincipal = context =>
       {
         var cookieValidatorService = context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ICookieValidatorService>();
         return cookieValidatorService.ValidateAsync(context);
       }
    };
});

try
{
    // some code to check  ...
}
catch (InvalidOperationException ex)
{
    // do your handling for invalid operation ...
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
    // do your handling for IO error ...
}

 catch (SomeException ex) when (someConditionIsMet)
{
    // Your handler logic
}

 catch (SomeDependencyException ex) when (condition1 && condition2)
{
 
}
catch (SomeDependencyException ex) when (condition1)
{
 
}
catch (SomeDependencyException ex)
{
 
}

 catch (SomeDependencyException ex)
{
 
}
catch (SomeDependencyException ex) when (condition1 && condition2)
{
 
}
catch (SomeDependencyException ex) when (condition1)
{
 
}

 try
{
    DoSomethingThatMightFail(s);
}
catch (Exception ex) when (Log(ex, "An error occurred"))
{
    // this catch block will never be reached
}

...

static bool Log(Exception ex, string message, params object[] args)
{
   Debug.Print(message, args);
   return false;
}

try
{
    var request = WebRequest.Create("http://www.google.coom/");
    var response = request.GetResponse();
}
catch (WebException we)
{
    if (we.Status == WebExceptionStatus.NameResolutionFailure)
    {
        //handle DNS error
        return;
    }
    if (we.Status == WebExceptionStatus.ConnectFailure)
    {
        //handle connection error
        return;
    }
 
    throw;
}

try
{
    var request = WebRequest.Create("http://www.google.coom/");
    var response = request.GetResponse();
}
catch (WebException we) when (we.Status == WebExceptionStatus.NameResolutionFailure)
{
    //Handle NameResolutionFailure Separately
}
catch (WebException we) when (we.Status == WebExceptionStatus.ConnectFailure)
{
    //Handle ConnectFailure Separately
}

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⭐️Time Stamps⭐️
#1 (00:00:00) C# tutorial for beginners
#2 (00:06:30) output 💬
#3 (00:10:48) variables ✖️
#4 (00:19:32) constants π
#5 (00:20:35) type casting 💱
#6 (00:27:49) user input ⌨️
#7 (00:31:24) arithmetic operators 🧮
#8 (00:35:54) Math class 📏
#9 (00:40:55) random numbers 🎲
#10 (00:44:27) hypotenuse calculator program 📐
#11 (00:46:35) string methods 🔤
#12 (00:53:26) if statements 🤔
#13 (00:59:43) switches 🔀
#14 (01:02:50) logical operators && || 🔣
#15 (01:06:36) while loops ♾️
#16 (01:09:45) for loops 🔁
#17 (01:13:24) nested loops ➿
#18 (01:18:28) number guessing game 🔢
#19 (01:27:08) rock-paper-scissors game 🗿
#20 (01:38:52) calculator program 🖩
#21 (01:46:53) arrays 🚗
#22 (01:52:50) foreach loop ➰
#23 (01:54:42) methods 📞
#24 (02:00:37) return keyword ↩️
#25 (02:04:12) method overloading 🤯
#26 (02:05:44) params keyword ⚙️
#27 (02:08:52) exception handling ⚠️
#28 (02:13:53) conditional operator ❓
#29 (02:16:53) string interpolation 💲
#30 (02:20:18) multidimensional arrays ⬜
#31 (02:25:23) classes 📦
#32 (02:30:07) objects 🧍‍♂️
#33 (02:34:58) constructors 👷
#34 (02:40:41) static 🚫
#35 (02:45:43) overloaded constructors 🍕
#36 (02:50:04) inheritance 👪
#37 (02:54:32) abstract classes 👻
#38 (02:57:08) array of objects 🏬
#39 (03:00:57) objects as arguments 🧳
#40 (03:05:15) method overriding 🙅
#41 (03:09:07) ToString method 💭
#42 (03:12:34) polymorphism 🎭
#43 (03:17:44) interfaces 🐟
#44 (03:23:22) Lists 📃
#45 (03:30:07) List of objects 🦸‍♂️
#46 (03:33:35) getters & setters 🔒
#47 (03:37:41) auto implemented properties 🔐
#48 (03:40:26) enums 🪐
#49 (03:47:33) generics ⁉️
#50 (03:52:56) multithreading 🧶 

enum Direction {
    North,
    East,
    South,
    West,
}

enum Shape {
    Circle(f64),
    Rectangle(f64, f64),
    Square(f64),
}

fn area(shape: Shape) -> f64 {
    match shape {
        Shape::Circle(radius) => std::f64::consts::PI * radius * radius,
        Shape::Rectangle(width, height) => width * height,
        Shape::Square(side) => side * side,
    }
}

use std::io::Read;
use std::fs::File;
use std::io;

fn read_file_contents(file_path: &str) -> Result<String, io::Error> {
    let mut file = File::open(file_path)?;
    let mut contents = String::new();
    file.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
    Ok(contents)
}

struct Stack<T> {
    elements: Vec<T>,
}

impl<T> Stack<T> {
    fn new() -> Self {
        Stack { elements: Vec::new() }
    }

    fn push(&mut self, item: T) {
        self.elements.push(item);
    }

    fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
        self.elements.pop()
    }
}