class Person {
    constructor(firstName, lastName) {
       this.firstName = firstName;
       this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    fullName() {
      return `${this.firstName} ${this.lastName}`;
    }
}

const person = new Person('Vahid', 'N');
person.firstName; // 'Vahid'
person.lastName; // 'N'
person.fullName; // function fullName() {…}

class Person {
    constructor(firstName, lastName) {
       this.firstName = firstName;
       this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    get fullName() {
      return `${this.firstName} ${this.lastName}`;
    }
}

function Person(firstName, lastName) {
   this.firstName = firstName;
   this.lastName = lastName;
}

Object.defineProperty(Person.prototype, 'fullName', {
   get: function () {
      return this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName;
   }
});

Object.defineProperty(Person.prototype, 'fullName', {
    enumerable: false,
    writable: false,
    get: function () {
      return this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName;
    }
});

function decoratorName(target, key, descriptor) {
 // …
}

function readonly(target, key, descriptor) {
   descriptor.writable = false;
   return descriptor;
}

class Person {
    constructor(firstName, lastName) {
       this.firstName = firstName;
       this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    @readonly get fullName() {
      return `${this.firstName} ${this.lastName}`;
    }
}

> npm install core-decorators

@autobind
@deprecate
@readonly
@memoize
@debounce
@profile

> create-react-app state-management-with-mobx-part1
> cd state-management-with-mobx-part1
> npm start

> npm install --save mobx

import { autorun, observable } from "mobx";

import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";

ReactDOM.render(
  <div>
    <input type="text" id="text-input" />
    <div id="text-display"></div>
    <div id="text-display-uppercase"></div>
  </div>,
  document.getElementById("root")
);

const input = document.getElementById("text-input");
const textDisplay = document.getElementById("text-display");
const loudDisplay = document.getElementById("text-display-uppercase");

console.log({ observable, autorun, input, textDisplay, loudDisplay });

{
  value: "Hello world!",
  get uppercase() {
    return this.value.toUpperCase();
  }
}

const text = observable({
  value: "Hello world!",
  get uppercase() {
    return this.value.toUpperCase();
  }
});

input.addEventListener("keyup", event => {
   text.value = event.target.value;
});

autorun(() => {
   textDisplay.textContent = text.value;
   loudDisplay.textContent = text.uppercase;
});

const onChange = (oldValue, newValue) => {
  // Tell MobX that this value has changed.
}

const observable = (value) => {
  return {
    get() { return value; },
    set(newValue) {
      onChange(this.get(), newValue);
      value = newValue;
    }
  }
}

<CustomControls:FrameFactory
                    x:Name="ActiveScreen"            
                    HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch"
                    VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch"     
                    NavigationUIVisibility="Hidden"            
                    Grid.Column="1" 
                    Margin="0" />

/// <summary>
/// تغییر مشخصات کاربر جاری
/// </summary>
[PageAuthorization(AuthorizationType.FreeForAuthenticatedUsers)]
public partial class ChangeProfile

                <Button Style="{DynamicResource MetroCircleButtonStyle}"
                        Height="55" Width="55"  
                        Command="{Binding DoNavigate}"
                        CommandParameter="\Views\UserInfo\ChangeProfile.xaml"
                        Margin="2">
                    <Rectangle Width="28" Height="17.25">
                        <Rectangle.Fill>
                            <VisualBrush Stretch="Fill" Visual="{StaticResource appbar_user_tie}" />
                        </Rectangle.Fill>
                    </Rectangle>
                </Button>

 public abstract class BaseViewModel : DataErrorInfoBase, INotifyPropertyChanged, IViewModel

 A suitable constructor for type 'YourType' could not be located. Ensure the type is concrete and services are registered for all parameters of a public constructor.

 Multiple constructors accepting all given argument types have been found in type 'YourType'. There should only be one applicable constructor.

// throws InvalidOperationException: Unable to resolve service for type 'System.String'...
public CharactersController(ICharacterRepository characterRepository, string title)
{
    _characterRepository = characterRepository;
    _title = title;
}

// runs without error
public CharactersController(ICharacterRepository characterRepository, string title = "Characters")
{
    _characterRepository = characterRepository;
    _title = title;
}

// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    // Add framework services.
    services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
        options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));

    services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, IdentityRole>()
        .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
        .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

    services.AddMvc();

    // Add application services.
    services.AddTransient<IEmailSender, AuthMessageSender>();
    services.AddTransient<ISmsSender, AuthMessageSender>();
}

services.AddTransient<IEmailSender, AuthMessageSender>();
services.AddTransient<ISmsSender, AuthMessageSender>();

public class CharactersController : Controller
{
    private readonly ICharacterRepository _characterRepository;

    public CharactersController(ICharacterRepository characterRepository)
    {
        _characterRepository = characterRepository;
    }

    // GET: /characters/
    public IActionResult Index()
    {
        PopulateCharactersIfNoneExist();
        var characters = _characterRepository.ListAll();

        return View(characters);
    }

    private void PopulateCharactersIfNoneExist()
    {
        if (!_characterRepository.ListAll().Any())
        {
            _characterRepository.Add(new Character("Darth Maul"));
            _characterRepository.Add(new Character("Darth Vader"));
            _characterRepository.Add(new Character("Yoda"));
            _characterRepository.Add(new Character("Mace Windu"));
        }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using DependencyInjectionSample.Models;

namespace DependencyInjectionSample.Interfaces
{
    public interface ICharacterRepository
    {
        IEnumerable<Character> ListAll();
        void Add(Character character);
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using DependencyInjectionSample.Interfaces;

namespace DependencyInjectionSample.Models
{
    public class CharacterRepository : ICharacterRepository
    {
        private readonly ApplicationDbContext _dbContext;

        public CharacterRepository(ApplicationDbContext dbContext)
        {
            _dbContext = dbContext;
        }

        public IEnumerable<Character> ListAll()
        {
            return _dbContext.Characters.AsEnumerable();
        }

        public void Add(Character character)
        {
            _dbContext.Characters.Add(character);
            _dbContext.SaveChanges();
        }
    }
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
        options.UseInMemoryDatabase()
    );

    // Add framework services.
    services.AddMvc();

    // Register application services.
    services.AddScoped<ICharacterRepository, CharacterRepository>();
    services.AddTransient<IOperationTransient, Operation>();
    services.AddScoped<IOperationScoped, Operation>();
    services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingleton, Operation>();
    services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingletonInstance>(new Operation(Guid.Empty));
    services.AddTransient<OperationService, OperationService>();
}

using System;

namespace DependencyInjectionSample.Interfaces
{
    public interface IOperation
    {
        Guid OperationId { get; }
    }

    public interface IOperationTransient : IOperation
    {
    }
    public interface IOperationScoped : IOperation
    {
    }
    public interface IOperationSingleton : IOperation
    {
    }
    public interface IOperationSingletonInstance : IOperation
    {
    }
}

services.AddScoped<ICharacterRepository, CharacterRepository>();
services.AddTransient<IOperationTransient, Operation>();
services.AddScoped<IOperationScoped, Operation>();
services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingleton, Operation>();
services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingletonInstance>(new Operation(Guid.Empty));
services.AddTransient<OperationService, OperationService>();

using DependencyInjectionSample.Interfaces;

namespace DependencyInjectionSample.Services
{
    public class OperationService
    {
        public IOperationTransient TransientOperation { get; }
        public IOperationScoped ScopedOperation { get; }
        public IOperationSingleton SingletonOperation { get; }
        public IOperationSingletonInstance SingletonInstanceOperation { get; }

        public OperationService(IOperationTransient transientOperation,
            IOperationScoped scopedOperation,
            IOperationSingleton singletonOperation,
            IOperationSingletonInstance instanceOperation)
        {
            TransientOperation = transientOperation;
            ScopedOperation = scopedOperation;
            SingletonOperation = singletonOperation;
            SingletonInstanceOperation = instanceOperation;
        }
    }
}

using DependencyInjectionSample.Interfaces;
using DependencyInjectionSample.Services;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace DependencyInjectionSample.Controllers
{
    public class OperationsController : Controller
    {
        private readonly OperationService _operationService;
        private readonly IOperationTransient _transientOperation;
        private readonly IOperationScoped _scopedOperation;
        private readonly IOperationSingleton _singletonOperation;
        private readonly IOperationSingletonInstance _singletonInstanceOperation;

        public OperationsController(OperationService operationService,
            IOperationTransient transientOperation,
            IOperationScoped scopedOperation,
            IOperationSingleton singletonOperation,
            IOperationSingletonInstance singletonInstanceOperation)
        {
            _operationService = operationService;
            _transientOperation = transientOperation;
            _scopedOperation = scopedOperation;
            _singletonOperation = singletonOperation;
            _singletonInstanceOperation = singletonInstanceOperation;
        }

        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            // viewbag contains controller-requested services
            ViewBag.Transient = _transientOperation;
            ViewBag.Scoped = _scopedOperation;
            ViewBag.Singleton = _singletonOperation;
            ViewBag.SingletonInstance = _singletonInstanceOperation;

            // operation service has its own requested services
            ViewBag.Service = _operationService;
            return View();
        }
    }
}

// Services implement IDisposable:
public class Service1 : IDisposable {}
public class Service2 : IDisposable {}
public class Service3 : IDisposable {}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    // container will create the instance(s) of these types and will dispose them
    services.AddScoped<Service1>();
    services.AddSingleton<Service2>();

    // container did not create instance so it will NOT dispose it
    services.AddSingleton<Service3>(new Service3());
    services.AddSingleton(new Service3());
}

Autofac
Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection

public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddMvc();
    // Add other framework services

    // Add Autofac
    var containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder();
    containerBuilder.RegisterModule<DefaultModule>();
    containerBuilder.Populate(services);
    var container = containerBuilder.Build();
    return new AutofacServiceProvider(container);
}

public class Employee
{
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
    public DateTime HireDate { get; set; }
    public decimal Salary { get; set; }

    public Employee(string firstName, string lastName, DateTime hireDate, decimal salary)
    {
        FirstName = firstName;
        LastName = lastName;
        HireDate = hireDate;
        Salary = salary;
    }
}

public class Employee(string firstName, string lastName, DateTime hireDate, decimal salary)
{
    public string FirstName { get; set; } = firstName;
    public string LastName { get; set; } = lastName;
    public DateTime HireDate { get; set; } = hireDate;
    public decimal Salary { get; set; } = salary;
}

var employee = new Employee("John", "Doe", new DateTime(2020, 1, 1), 50000);

public record class Book(string Title, string Publisher);

public record struct Color(int R, int G, int B);

public class MyService
{
    private readonly IDepedent _dependent;
  
    public MyService(IDependent dependent)
    {
        _dependent = dependent;
    }
  
    public void Do() 
    {
        _dependent.DoWork();
    }
}

public class MyService(IDependent dependent)
{
    public void Do() 
    {
        dependent.DoWork();
    }
}

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

namespace CS8Tests
{
  [NullableContext(1)]
  [Nullable(0)]
  public class Employee
  {
    [CompilerGenerated]
    [DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)]
    private string <FirstName>k__BackingField;
    [CompilerGenerated]
    [DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)]
    private string <LastName>k__BackingField;
    [CompilerGenerated]
    [DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)]
    private DateTime <HireDate>k__BackingField;
    [CompilerGenerated]
    [DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)]
    private Decimal <Salary>k__BackingField;

    public Employee(string firstName, string lastName, DateTime hireDate, Decimal salary)
    {
      this.<FirstName>k__BackingField = firstName;
      this.<LastName>k__BackingField = lastName;
      this.<HireDate>k__BackingField = hireDate;
      this.<Salary>k__BackingField = salary;
      base..ctor();
    }

    public string FirstName
    {
      [CompilerGenerated] get
      {
        return this.<FirstName>k__BackingField;
      }
      [CompilerGenerated] set
      {
        this.<FirstName>k__BackingField = value;
      }
    }

    public string LastName
    {
      [CompilerGenerated] get
      {
        return this.<LastName>k__BackingField;
      }
      [CompilerGenerated] set
      {
        this.<LastName>k__BackingField = value;
      }
    }

    public DateTime HireDate
    {
      [CompilerGenerated] get
      {
        return this.<HireDate>k__BackingField;
      }
      [CompilerGenerated] set
      {
        this.<HireDate>k__BackingField = value;
      }
    }

    public Decimal Salary
    {
      [CompilerGenerated] get
      {
        return this.<Salary>k__BackingField;
      }
      [CompilerGenerated] set
      {
        this.<Salary>k__BackingField = value;
      }
    }
  }
}

public class Person(string firstName, string lastName) 
{
    public Person() : this("John", "Smith") { }
    public Person(string firstName) : this(firstName, "Smith") { }
    public string FullName => $"{firstName} {lastName}";
}

public class User
{
    public User(string firstName, string lastName) { }
}

public class Editor(string firstName, string lastName) : User
{
}

public class Automobile
{
    public Automobile(int wheels, int seats)
    {
        Wheels = wheels;
        Seats = seats;
    }

    public int Wheels { get; }
    public int Seats { get; }
}

public class Car : Automobile
{
    public Car(int seats) : base(4, seats)
    {
    }
}

public class Automobile(int wheels, int seats)
{
    public int Wheels { get; } = wheels;
    public int Seats { get; } = seats;
}

public class Car(int seats) : Automobile(4, seats);

public class MyBaseClass(string s); // no body required

public class Derived(int i, string s, bool b) : MyBaseClass(s)
{
    public int I { get; set; } = i;
    public string B => b.ToString();
}

public class Human(int age)
{
    // initialization
    public int Age { get; set; } = age;

    // capture
    public string Bio => $"My age is {age}!";
}

var p = new Human(42);
Console.WriteLine(p.Age); // Output: 42
Console.WriteLine(p.Bio); // Output: My age is 42!

p.Age++;
Console.WriteLine(p.Age); // Output: 43
Console.WriteLine(p.Bio); // Output: My age is 42! // !

using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

namespace CS8Tests
{
  [NullableContext(1)]
  [Nullable(0)]
  public class Human
  {
    [CompilerGenerated]
    [DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)]
    private int <age>P;
    [CompilerGenerated]
    [DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)]
    private int <Age>k__BackingField;

    public Human(int age)
    {
      this.<age>P = age;
      this.<Age>k__BackingField = this.<age>P;
      base..ctor();
    }

    public int Age
    {
      [CompilerGenerated] get
      {
        return this.<Age>k__BackingField;
      }
      [CompilerGenerated] set
      {
        this.<Age>k__BackingField = value;
      }
    }

    public string Bio
    {
      get
      {
        DefaultInterpolatedStringHandler interpolatedStringHandler = new DefaultInterpolatedStringHandler(11, 1);
        interpolatedStringHandler.AppendLiteral("My age is ");
        interpolatedStringHandler.AppendFormatted<int>(this.<age>P);
        interpolatedStringHandler.AppendLiteral("!");
        return interpolatedStringHandler.ToStringAndClear();
      }
    }
  }
}

public Human(int age)
{
   this.<age>P = age;
   this.<Age>k__BackingField = this.<age>P;
   base..ctor();
}

یعنی اگر شما دارید نوع جدیدی را در یک زبان ایجاد می‌کنید که قصد دارید در یک زبان دیگر استفاده شود، نباید از امتیازات ویژه‌ای که آن زبان در اختیار شما می‌گذارد و به بیان بهتر CLS آن‌ها را پشتیبانی نمی‌کند، استفاده کنید؛ چرا که کد شما ممکن است در زبان دیگر مورد استفاده قرار نگیرد.

using System;

// Tell compiler to check for CLS compliance
[assembly: CLSCompliant(true)]

namespace SomeLibrary {

// Warnings appear because the class is public
public sealed class SomeLibraryType {

// Warning: Return type of 'SomeLibrary.SomeLibraryType.Abc()'
// is not CLS­compliant
public UInt32 Abc() { return 0; }

// Warning: Identifier 'SomeLibrary.SomeLibraryType.abc()'
// differing only in case is not CLS­compliant
public void abc() { }

// No warning: this method is private
private UInt32 ABC() { return 0; }
}
}

// Create a graphics object for drawing.
Graphics gfxCaptchaImage = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap);

gfxCaptchaImage.PageUnit = GraphicsUnit.Pixel;
gfxCaptchaImage.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.HighQuality;
gfxCaptchaImage.Clear(Color.White);

// Create a Random Number from 1000 to 9999
int salt = CaptchaHelpers.CreateSalt();

public int CreateSalt()
{
   Random random = new Random();
   return random.Next(1000, 9999);
}

HttpContext.Current.Session["captchastring"] = salt;

string randomString = (salt).NumberToText(Language.Persian);

// Set up the text format.
var format = new StringFormat();
int faLCID = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("fa-IR").LCID;
format.SetDigitSubstitution(faLCID, StringDigitSubstitute.National);
format.Alignment = StringAlignment.Near;
format.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Near;
format.FormatFlags = StringFormatFlags.DirectionRightToLeft;

// Font of Captcha and its size
Font font = new Font("Tahoma", 10);

// Create a path for text 
GraphicsPath path = new GraphicsPath();

path.AddString(randomString, 
                font.FontFamily, 
                (int)font.Style, 
                (gfxCaptchaImage.DpiY * font.SizeInPoints / 72), 
                new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), format);

gfxCaptchaImage.DrawPath(Pens.Navy, path);

//-- using a sin ware distort the image
int distortion = random.Next(-10, 10);
using (Bitmap copy = (Bitmap)bitmap.Clone())
{
          for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
          {
              for (int x = 0; x < width; x++)
              {
                  int newX = (int)(x + (distortion * Math.Sin(Math.PI * y / 64.0)));
                  int newY = (int)(y + (distortion * Math.Cos(Math.PI * x / 64.0)));
                  if (newX < 0 || newX >= width) newX = 0;
                 if (newY < 0 || newY >= height) newY = 0;
                 bitmap.SetPixel(x, y, copy.GetPixel(newX, newY));
              }
         }
 }

//-- Draw the graphic to the bitmap
gfxCaptchaImage.DrawImage(bitmap, new Point(0, 0));

gfxCaptchaImage.Flush();

HttpResponseBase response = context.HttpContext.Response;
response.ContentType = "image/jpeg";
bitmap.Save(response.OutputStream, ImageFormat.Jpeg);

// Clean up.
font.Dispose();
gfxCaptchaImage.Dispose();
bitmap.Dispose();

public CaptchaImageResult CaptchaImage()
{
     return new CaptchaImageResult();
}

<img src="@Url.Action("CaptchaImage")"/>

[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Index(LogOnModel model)
{
      if (!ModelState.IsValid) return View(model);

      if (model.CaptchaInputText == Session["captchastring"].ToString()) 
             TempData["message"] = "تصویر امنتی را صحیح وارد کرده اید";
      else 
             TempData["message"] = "تصویر امنیتی را اشتباه وارد کرده اید";

      return View();
}

class LoginForm extends Component {
  state = {
    account: { username: "", password: "" },
    errors: {
      username: "Username is required"
    }
  };

  validate = () => {
    return { username: "Username is required." };
  };

  handleSubmit = e => {
    e.preventDefault();

    const errors = this.validate();
    console.log("Validation errors", errors);
    this.setState({ errors });
    if (errors) {
      return;
    }

    // call the server
    console.log("Submitted!");
  };

  validate = () => {
    const { account } = this.state;

    const errors = {};
    if (account.username.trim() === "") {
      errors.username = "Username is required.";
    }

    if (account.password.trim() === "") {
      errors.password = "Password is required.";
    }

    return Object.keys(errors).length === 0 ? null : errors;
  };

import React from "react";

const Input = ({ name, label, value, error, onChange }) => {
  return (
    <div className="form-group">
      <label htmlFor={name}>{label}</label>
      <input
        value={value}
        onChange={onChange}
        id={name}
        name={name}
        type="text"
        className="form-control"
      />
      {error && <div className="alert alert-danger">{error}</div>}
    </div>
  );
};

export default Input;

  render() {
    const { account, errors } = this.state;
    return (
      <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
        <Input
          name="username"
          label="Username"
          value={account.username}
          onChange={this.handleChange}
          error={errors.username}
        />
        <Input
          name="password"
          label="Password"
          value={account.password}
          onChange={this.handleChange}
          error={errors.password}
        />
        <button className="btn btn-primary">Login</button>
      </form>
    );
  }

loginForm.jsx:55 Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'username' of null
at LoginForm.render (loginForm.jsx:55)

this.setState({ errors: errors || {} });

  handleChange = ({ currentTarget: input }) => {
    const errors = { ...this.state.errors }; //cloning an object
    const errorMessage = this.validateProperty(input);
    if (errorMessage) {
      errors[input.name] = errorMessage;
    } else {
      delete errors[input.name];
    }

    const account = { ...this.state.account }; //cloning an object
    account[input.name] = input.value;

    this.setState({ account, errors });
  };

  validateProperty = ({ name, value }) => {
    if (name === "username") {
      if (value.trim() === "") {
        return "Username is required.";
      }
      // ...
    }

    if (name === "password") {
      if (value.trim() === "") {
        return "Password is required.";
      }
      // ...
    }
  };

const Joi = require('@hapi/joi');
const schema = Joi.object({
    username: Joi.string().alphanum().min(3).max(30).required(),
    password: Joi.string().pattern(/^[a-zA-Z0-9]{3,30}$/),
    email: Joi.string().email({ minDomainSegments: 2, tlds: { allow: ['com', 'net'] } })
});
schema.validate({ username: 'abc', birth_year: 1994 });

> npm install @hapi/joi --save
> npm i --save-dev @types/hapi__joi

import Joi from "@hapi/joi";

  schema = {
    username: Joi.string()
      .required()
      .label("Username"),
    password: Joi.string()
      .required()
      .label("Password")
  };

  validate = () => {
    const { account } = this.state;
    const validationResult = Joi.object(this.schema).validate(account, {
      abortEarly: false
    });
    console.log("validationResult", validationResult);

  validate = () => {
    const { account } = this.state;
    const validationResult = Joi.object(this.schema).validate(account, {
      abortEarly: false
    });
    console.log("validationResult", validationResult);

    if (!validationResult.error) {
      return null;
    }

    const errors = {};
    for (let item of validationResult.error.details) {
      errors[item.path[0]] = item.message;
    }
    return errors;
  };

  validateProperty = ({ name, value }) => {
    const userInputObject = { [name]: value };
    const propertySchema = Joi.object({ [name]: this.schema[name] });
    const { error } = propertySchema.validate(userInputObject, {
      abortEarly: true
    });
    return error ? error.details[0].message : null;
  };

 <button disabled={this.validate()} className="btn btn-primary">
 Login
</button>