{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "module": "commonjs",
        "target": "es5",
        "noImplicitAny": true,
        "strictNullChecks": true,
        "lib": [
            "dom",
            "es5",
            "es2015.promise"
        ]
    }
}

 PM> install-package EntityFrameworkWithHierarchyId

public class Employee
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
 
    [Required, MaxLength(100)]
    public string Name { get; set; }
 
    [Required]
    public HierarchyId Node { get; set; } // نوع داده جدید
}

public class MyContext : DbContext
{
    public DbSet<Employee> Employees { get; set; }
 
    public MyContext()
        : base("Connection1")
    {
        this.Database.Log = log => Console.WriteLine(log);
    }
}
 
public class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<MyContext>
{
    public Configuration()
    {
        AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
        AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
    }
 
    protected override void Seed(MyContext context)
    {
        if (context.Employees.Any())
            return;
 
        context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(
            "ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD NodePath as Node.ToString() persisted");
        context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(
            "ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD Level AS Node.GetLevel() persisted");
        context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(
            "ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD ManagerNode as Node.GetAncestor(1) persisted");
        context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(
            "ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD ManagerNodePath as Node.GetAncestor(1).ToString() persisted");
 
        context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(
            "ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD CONSTRAINT [UK_EmployeeNode] UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED (Node)");
        context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(
            "ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees]  WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [EmployeeManagerNodeNodeFK] " +
            "FOREIGN KEY([ManagerNode]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Employees] ([Node])");
 
        context.Employees.Add(new Employee { Name = "Root", Node = new HierarchyId("/") });
        context.Employees.Add(new Employee { Name = "Emp1", Node = new HierarchyId("/1/") });
        context.Employees.Add(new Employee { Name = "Emp2", Node = new HierarchyId("/2/") });
        context.Employees.Add(new Employee { Name = "Emp3", Node = new HierarchyId("/1/1/") });
        context.Employees.Add(new Employee { Name = "Emp4", Node = new HierarchyId("/1/1/1/") });
        context.Employees.Add(new Employee { Name = "Emp5", Node = new HierarchyId("/2/1/") });
        context.Employees.Add(new Employee { Name = "Emp6", Node = new HierarchyId("/1/2/") });
 
        base.Seed(context);
    }
}

using (var context = new MyContext())
{
    Console.WriteLine("\ngetItems OrderByDescending(employee => employee.Node)");
 
    var employees = context.Employees.OrderByDescending(employee => employee.Node).ToList();
    foreach (var employee in employees)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", employee.Id, employee.Node);
    }
 }

SELECT
    [Extent1].[Id] AS [Id],
    [Extent1].[Name] AS [Name],
    [Extent1].[Node] AS [Node]
    FROM [dbo].[Employees] AS [Extent1]
    ORDER BY [Extent1].[Node] DESC


6 /2/1/
3 /2/
7 /1/2/
5 /1/1/1/
4 /1/1/
2 /1/
1 /

using (var context = new MyContext())
{
    Console.WriteLine("\nGetAncestor(1) of /1/");
 
    var firstItem = context.Employees.Single(employee => employee.Node == new HierarchyId("/1/"));
    foreach (var item in context.Employees.Where(employee => firstItem.Node == employee.Node.GetAncestor(1)))
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", item.Id, item.Name);
    }
}

SELECT TOP (2)
    [Extent1].[Id] AS [Id],
    [Extent1].[Name] AS [Name],
    [Extent1].[Node] AS [Node]
    FROM [dbo].[Employees] AS [Extent1]
    WHERE cast('/1/' as hierarchyid) = [Extent1].[Node]

SELECT
    [Extent1].[Id] AS [Id],
    [Extent1].[Name] AS [Name],
    [Extent1].[Node] AS [Node]
    FROM [dbo].[Employees] AS [Extent1]
    WHERE (@p__linq__0 = ([Extent1].[Node].GetAncestor(1))) OR ((@p__linq__0 IS
NULL) AND ([Extent1].[Node].GetAncestor(1) IS NULL))
-- p__linq__0: '/1/' (Type = Object)

4 Emp3
7 Emp6

var list = context.Employees.Where(
          employee => employee.Node.IsDescendantOf(new HierarchyId("/1/")) &&
                              employee.Node.GetLevel() == 2).ToList();

SELECT
    [Extent1].[Id] AS [Id],
    [Extent1].[Name] AS [Name],
    [Extent1].[Node] AS [Node]
    FROM [dbo].[Employees] AS [Extent1]
    WHERE (([Extent1].[Node].IsDescendantOf(cast('/1/' as hierarchyid))) = 1) 
    AND (2 = ([Extent1].[Node].GetLevel()))

var items = context.Employees.Where(employee => employee.Node.IsDescendantOf(new HierarchyId("/1/")))
    .Select(employee => new
    {
        Id = employee.Id,
        OrigPath = employee.Node,
        ReparentedValue = employee.Node.GetReparentedValue(new HierarchyId("/1/"), HierarchyId.GetRoot()),
        Level = employee.Node.GetLevel()
    }).ToList();
 
foreach (var item in items)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Id:{0}; OrigPath:{1}; ReparentedValue:{2}; Level:{3}", item.Id, item.OrigPath, item.ReparentedValue, item.Level);
}

SELECT
    [Extent1].[Id] AS [Id],
    [Extent1].[Node] AS [Node],
    [Extent1].[Node].GetReparentedValue(cast('/1/' as hierarchyid), hierarchyid::GetRoot()) AS [C1],
    [Extent1].[Node].GetLevel() AS [C2]
    FROM [dbo].[Employees] AS [Extent1]
    WHERE ([Extent1].[Node].IsDescendantOf(cast('/1/' as hierarchyid))) = 1


Id:2; OrigPath:/1/; ReparentedValue:/; Level:1
Id:4; OrigPath:/1/1/; ReparentedValue:/1/; Level:2
Id:5; OrigPath:/1/1/1/; ReparentedValue:/1/1/; Level:3
Id:7; OrigPath:/1/2/; ReparentedValue:/2/; Level:2

 // periodicals.ts
export interface Periodical {
   issueNumber: number;
}

export class Magazine implements Periodical {
   issueNumber: number;
}

export function GetMagazineByIssueNumber(issue: number): Magazine {
   // retrieve and return a magazine
}

 // periodicals.ts
interface Periodical {
   issueNumber: number;
}

class Magazine implements Periodical {
   issueNumber: number;
}

function GetMagazineByTitle(title: string): Magazine {
   // retrieve and return a magazine
}

export { Periodical, Magazine, GetMagazineByTitle as GetMag}

 // news.ts
import { Magazine, GetMag as GetMagazine} from './periodicals';
let newsMag: Magazine = GetMagazine('Weekly News');

 // kids.ts
import * as mag from './periodicals';

 let kidMag: mag.Magazine= mag.GetMag('Games and Stuff!');

 // movie.ts
export default class{
   title: string;
   director: string;
}

 // kids.ts
import AnimatedMovie from './movie’;
let cartoon = new AnimatedMovie();

ML.NET - Machine Learning Introduction [1 of 8] 

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using PdfReportSamples.Models;
using PdfRpt.Core.Contracts;
using PdfRpt.Core.Helper;
using PdfRpt.FluentInterface;

namespace PdfReportSamples.ChartImage
{
    public class ChartImagePdfReport
    {
        public IPdfReportData CreatePdfReport()
        {
            var chart = new MSChartHelper
                {
                    AxisXTitle = "User",
                    AxisYTitle = "Balance",
                    ChartTitle = "Users Balance",
                    AxisTitleFont = new System.Drawing.Font("Tahoma", 12f),
                    LabelStyleFont = new System.Drawing.Font("Tahoma", 10f),
                    ChartTitleFont = new System.Drawing.Font("Arial", 16f, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold),
                    LegendsFont = new System.Drawing.Font("Tahoma", 12f)
                };

            return new PdfReport().DocumentPreferences(doc =>
            {
                doc.RunDirection(PdfRunDirection.RightToLeft);
                doc.Orientation(PageOrientation.Portrait);
                doc.PageSize(PdfPageSize.A4);
                doc.DocumentMetadata(new DocumentMetadata { Author = "Vahid", Application = "PdfRpt", Keywords = "Test", Subject = "Test Rpt", Title = "Test" });
            })
             .DefaultFonts(fonts =>
             {
                 fonts.Path(string.Format("{0}\\fonts\\irsans.ttf", AppPath.ApplicationPath),
                            string.Format("{0}\\fonts\\verdana.ttf", Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SystemRoot")));
             })
             .PagesFooter(footer =>
             {
                 footer.DefaultFooter(printDate: DateTime.Now.ToString("MM/dd/yyyy"));
             })
             .PagesHeader(header =>
             {
                 header.DefaultHeader(defaultHeader =>
                 {
                     defaultHeader.ImagePath(AppPath.ApplicationPath + "\\Images\\01.png");
                     defaultHeader.Message("گزارش جدید ما");
                 });
             })
             .MainTableTemplate(template =>
             {
                 template.BasicTemplate(BasicTemplate.ClassicTemplate);
             })
             .MainTablePreferences(table =>
             {
                 table.ColumnsWidthsType(TableColumnWidthType.Relative);
             })
             .MainTableDataSource(dataSource =>
             {
                 var listOfRows = new List<User>();
                 for (var i = 0; i < 7; i++)
                 {
                     listOfRows.Add(new User { Id = i, LastName = "نام خانوادگی " + i, Name = "نام " + i, Balance = (i * 50) + 1000 });
                 }
                 dataSource.StronglyTypedList(listOfRows);
             })
             .MainTableEvents(events =>
             {
                 events.DataSourceIsEmpty(message: "There is no data available to display.");
                 events.DocumentOpened(args =>
                 {
                     chart.ChartInit(width: (int)args.PdfWriter.PageSize.Width - 100, height: 250);
                 });
                 events.RowAdded(args =>
                 {
                     if (args.RowType == RowType.DataTableRow)
                     {
                         var name = args.TableRowData.GetValueOf<User>(x => x.Name);
                         if (name == null) return;

                         var balance = args.TableRowData.GetValueOf<User>(x => x.Balance);
                         if (balance == null) return;

                         chart.AddXY(name, balance);
                     }
                 });
                 events.DocumentClosing(args =>
                 {
                     chart.AddChartToPage(args.PdfDoc);
                     chart.FreeResources();
                 });
             })
             .MainTableSummarySettings(summary =>
             {
                 summary.OverallSummarySettings("جمع");
                 summary.PreviousPageSummarySettings("نقل از صفحه قبل");
             })
             .MainTableColumns(columns =>
             {
                 columns.AddColumn(column =>
                 {
                     column.PropertyName("rowNo");
                     column.IsRowNumber(true);
                     column.CellsHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center);
                     column.IsVisible(true);
                     column.Order(0);
                     column.Width(1);
                     column.HeaderCell("ردیف", captionRotation: 90);
                 });

                 columns.AddColumn(column =>
                 {
                     column.PropertyName<User>(x => x.Id);
                     column.CellsHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center);
                     column.IsVisible(true);
                     column.Order(1);
                     column.Width(2);
                     column.HeaderCell("شماره");
                 });

                 columns.AddColumn(column =>
                 {
                     column.PropertyName<User>(x => x.Name);
                     column.CellsHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center);
                     column.IsVisible(true);
                     column.Order(2);
                     column.Width(2);
                     column.HeaderCell("نام");
                 });

                 columns.AddColumn(column =>
                 {
                     column.PropertyName<User>(x => x.LastName);
                     column.CellsHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center);
                     column.IsVisible(true);
                     column.Order(3);
                     column.Width(3);
                     column.HeaderCell("نام خانوادگی");
                 });

                 columns.AddColumn(column =>
                 {
                     column.PropertyName<User>(x => x.Balance);
                     column.HeaderCell("موجودی");
                     column.ColumnItemsTemplate(template =>
                     {
                         template.TextBlock();
                         template.DisplayFormatFormula(obj => obj == null ? string.Empty : string.Format("{0:n0}", obj));
                     });
                     column.Width(2);
                     column.AggregateFunction(aggregateFunction =>
                     {
                         aggregateFunction.NumericAggregateFunction(AggregateFunction.Sum);
                         aggregateFunction.DisplayFormatFormula(obj => obj == null ? string.Empty : string.Format("{0:n0}", obj));
                     });
                     column.CellsHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center);
                     column.IsVisible(true);
                     column.Order(4);
                 });
             })
             .Generate(data => data.AsPdfFile(AppPath.ApplicationPath + "\\Pdf\\RptChartSample.pdf"));
        }
    }
}

using System.Drawing;
using System.IO;
//It's part of the .NET 4.0+ now.
using System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting;
using iTextSharp.text;
using iTextSharp.text.pdf;
using PdfRpt.Core.Helper;

namespace PdfReportSamples.ChartImage
{
    public class MSChartHelper
    {
        // MS Chart learning tutorials:
        // http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2010/02/07/built-in-charting-controls-vs-2010-and-net-4-series.aspx
        Chart _chart;

        public System.Drawing.Font AxisTitleFont { set; get; }

        public string AxisXTitle { set; get; }

        public string AxisYTitle { set; get; }

        public string ChartTitle { set; get; }

        public System.Drawing.Font ChartTitleFont { set; get; }

        public System.Drawing.Font LabelStyleFont { set; get; }

        public System.Drawing.Font LegendsFont { set; get; }

        public void AddChartToPage(Document pdfDoc,
                                   int scalePercent = 100,
                                   float spacingBefore = 20,
                                   float spacingAfter = 10,
                                   float widthPercentage = 80)
        {
            using (var chartimage = new MemoryStream())
            {
                _chart.SaveImage(chartimage, ChartImageFormat.Bmp); //BMP gives the best compression result

                var iTextSharpImage = PdfImageHelper.GetITextSharpImageFromByteArray(chartimage.GetBuffer());
                iTextSharpImage.ScalePercent(scalePercent);
                iTextSharpImage.Alignment = Element.ALIGN_CENTER;

                var table = new PdfPTable(1)
                {
                    WidthPercentage = widthPercentage,
                    SpacingBefore = spacingBefore,
                    SpacingAfter = spacingAfter
                };
                table.AddCell(iTextSharpImage);

                pdfDoc.Add(table);
            }
        }

        public void AddXY(object xValue, params object[] yValue)
        {
            _chart.Series[0].Points.AddXY(xValue, yValue);
        }

        public void ChartInit(int width, int height)
        {
            _chart = new Chart
            {
                Width = width,
                Height = height,
                AntiAliasing = AntiAliasingStyles.All,
                TextAntiAliasingQuality = TextAntiAliasingQuality.High,
                Palette = ChartColorPalette.BrightPastel,
                BackColor = ColorTranslator.FromHtml("#F3DFC1"),
                BackGradientStyle = GradientStyle.TopBottom
            };

            setBorder();
            setTitles();
            setChartAreas();
            setLegends();
            setSeries();
        }

        public void FreeResources()
        {
            if (_chart != null && !_chart.IsDisposed)
                _chart.Dispose();
        }        

        private void setBorder()
        {
            _chart.BorderSkin.SkinStyle = BorderSkinStyle.Emboss;
            _chart.BorderlineWidth = 2;
            _chart.BorderlineColor = Color.FromArgb(181, 64, 1);
            _chart.BorderlineDashStyle = ChartDashStyle.Solid;
        }

        private void setChartAreas()
        {
            _chart.ChartAreas.Add("ChartArea1");
            _chart.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.Title = AxisXTitle;
            _chart.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.Title = AxisYTitle;
            _chart.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.TitleFont = AxisTitleFont;
            _chart.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.TitleFont = AxisTitleFont;
            _chart.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.LabelStyle.Font = LabelStyleFont;
            _chart.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.LabelStyle.Angle = -90;
            _chart.ChartAreas[0].BackColor = Color.White;
            _chart.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.LineColor = Color.FromArgb(64, 64, 64);
            _chart.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.MajorGrid.LineColor = Color.FromArgb(64, 64, 64);
            _chart.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.LineColor = Color.FromArgb(64, 64, 64);
            _chart.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.MajorGrid.LineColor = Color.FromArgb(64, 64, 64);
        }

        private void setLegends()
        {
            _chart.Legends.Add("Default");
            _chart.Legends[0].LegendStyle = LegendStyle.Row;
            _chart.Legends[0].IsTextAutoFit = false;
            _chart.Legends[0].DockedToChartArea = "ChartArea1";
            _chart.Legends[0].Docking = Docking.Bottom;
            _chart.Legends[0].IsDockedInsideChartArea = false;
            _chart.Legends[0].BackColor = Color.Transparent;
            _chart.Legends[0].Font = LegendsFont;
        }

        private void setSeries()
        {
            _chart.Series.Add("");
            _chart.Series[0].ChartType = SeriesChartType.Column;
            _chart.Series[0].Palette = ChartColorPalette.EarthTones;
            _chart.Series[0].IsValueShownAsLabel = true;
            _chart.Series[0].IsVisibleInLegend = false;
        }

        private void setTitles()
        {
            _chart.Titles.Add(ChartTitle);
            _chart.Titles[0].Font = ChartTitleFont;
            _chart.Titles[0].TextStyle = TextStyle.Shadow;
            _chart.Titles[0].ShadowOffset = 3;
            _chart.Titles[0].ShadowColor = Color.FromArgb(32, 0, 0);
            _chart.Titles[0].Alignment = ContentAlignment.TopCenter;
            _chart.Titles[0].ForeColor = Color.FromArgb(26, 59, 105);
        }
    }
}

                 events.DocumentOpened(args =>
                 {
                     chart.ChartInit(width: (int)args.PdfWriter.PageSize.Width - 100, height: 250);

                 });

                 events.RowAdded(args =>
                 {
                     if (args.RowType == RowType.DataTableRow)
                     {
                         var name = args.TableRowData.GetValueOf<User>(x => x.Name);
                         if (name == null) return;

                         var balance = args.TableRowData.GetValueOf<User>(x => x.Balance);
                         if (balance == null) return;

                         chart.AddXY(name, balance);
                     }
                 });

                 events.DocumentClosing(args =>
                 {
                     chart.AddChartToPage(args.PdfDoc);
                     chart.FreeResources();
                 });

"args": ["--target", "ES5",
            "--outDir", "js",
            "--module", "commonjs",
            "--sourceMap",
            "--watch",
             "app.ts"],

 tsc --project ./lib

 {
     "compilerOptions": {
                      "target": "es5",
                      "outDir": "js",
                      "module":"commonjs",
                      "sourceMap":true
     },
     "files": [
             "app.ts",
             "classes.ts"
     ]
}

{
      "compilerOptions": {
                     "target": "es5",
                     "outDir": "js"
      },
      "exclude": [
               "node_modules",
               "lib"
      ]
}

{
         "compilerOptions": {
                  "target": "es5",
                  "outDir": "js",
                  "module": "commonjs",
                  "sourceMap": true,
                  "watch": true
         },
         "files": [
                "app.ts",
                "typings/main.d.ts"
         ]
}

برای درک بهتر موضوع به ساختار کلاس‌های اعتبارسنجی در تصویر بعدی دقت کنید.

• اعتبار سنجی در چه قسمت هایی اتفاق می‌افتد:

1.Property   

2.Entity   

3.Context

        [Required(ErrorMessage = "لطفا نام نویسنده را مشخص نمائید")]
        public string AuthorName { set; get; }

        [StringLength(100,MinimumLength=3,ErrorMessage="حداقل سه حرف و حداکثر 100 حرف وارد نمایید.")]
        public string AuthorName { set; get; }

Validation Attributes
AssemblySystem.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.dll
NamespaceSystem.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations
StringLength
RegularExpression
DataType
Required
Range
CustomValidation

Mapping Attributes
AssemblyEntityFramework.dll
NamespaceSystem.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations
Key
Column,Table
ComplexType
ConCurrency
TimeStamp
DatabaseGenerated
ForeignKey
InverseProperty
MaxLength
MinLength
NotMapped

public class Blog : IValidatableObject
    {
       
        public int blogID { set; get; }

        [Required(ErrorMessage = "لطفا عنوان وبلاگ را مشخص نمائید")]
        public string Title { set; get; }
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "لطفا نام نویسنده را مشخص نمائید")]
        [StringLength(100,MinimumLength=3,ErrorMessage="حداقل سه حرف و حداکثر 100 حرف وارد نمایید.")]
        public string AuthorName { set; get; }
    

        public IEnumerable<ValidationResult> Validate(ValidationContext ValidationContext)
        {
             if (this.AuthorName =="بدون نام")
                yield return new ValidationResult
                    ("این نام برای نام نویسنده مجاز نمی‌باشد.", new[] { "AuthorName"});

            if (this.AuthorName == this.Title)
                yield return new ValidationResult
                    (" نام نویسنده وبلاگ و عنوان وبلاگ نمی‌تواند همسان باشد.!", new[] { "AuthorName", "Title" });
        }
    }

  protected override DbEntityValidationResult ValidateEntity(DbEntityEntry entityEntry, System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary<object, object> items)
        {
            return base.ValidateEntity(entityEntry, items);
        }

// اعتبار سنجی یک خاصیت
ICollection<DbValidationError> ValidationProperty = Context.Entry(Blog).Property(p => p.AuthorName).GetValidationErrors();

// اعتبار سنجی یک موجودیت
DbEntityValidationResult ValidationEntity = Context.Entry(Blog).GetValidationResult();

// اعتبار سنجی همه موجودیت‌ها
 IEnumerable<DbEntityValidationResult> ValidationContext = Context.GetValidationErrors();

EntityState.Added ||  EntityState.Modified