public class UsersController : Controller
{
    private readonly IUserService _service;

    public UsersController(IUserService service)
    {
        _service = service ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(service));
        _service.Initialize(new ModelStateWrapper(ModelState));
    }

    [HttpPost]
    public async Task<IActionResult> Create([FromForm]UserCreateModel model)
    {
        if (!ModelState.IsValid) return View(model);

        await _service.CreateAsync(model);

        //todo: Display ModelState's Errors
    }
}

var url = this.Url.Action("About", "Home", new { id = 1 }, this.Request.Scheme);

var urlHelper = httpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<IUrlHelper>()

var generator = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredService<LinkGenerator>();
var controllerName = nameof(HomeController).Replace("Controller", "");
var url = generator.GetPathByAction(nameof(HomeController.Index), controllerName)

public class MyMiddleware
{
    private readonly LinkGenerator _linkGenerator;

    public MyMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, LinkGenerator linkGenerator) 
   {
       _linkGenerator = linkGenerator;
   }   

    public async Task Invoke(HttpContext httpContext)
    {
        var url = _linkGenerator.GenerateLink(new { controller = "Store", action = "ListProducts" });
    
        httpContext.Response.ContentType = "text/plain";
        return httpContext.Response.WriteAsync($"Go to {url} to see the list of products.");
    }
}

var url = _linkGenerator.GetUriByAction(_accessor.HttpContext,
action: "GetContentByFileId",
values: new { FileId = 1 }
);

public static string GetPathByAction(this LinkGenerator generator, string action, string controller,
 object values = null, PathString pathBase = default,
FragmentString fragment = default, LinkOptions options = null);

using System;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace Tests
{
    public class MyLoggerProvider : ILoggerProvider
    {
        public ILogger CreateLogger(string categoryName)
        {
            return new MyLogger();
        }

        public void Dispose()
        { }

        private class MyLogger : ILogger
        {
            public bool IsEnabled(LogLevel logLevel)
            {
                return true;
            }

            public void Log<TState>(
                        LogLevel logLevel, 
                        EventId eventId, 
                        TState state, 
                        Exception exception, 
                        Func<TState, Exception, string> formatter)
            {
                //File.AppendAllText(@"C:\temp\log.txt", formatter(state, exception));
                Console.WriteLine("");
                Console.WriteLine(formatter(state, exception));
            }

            public IDisposable BeginScope<TState>(TState state)
            {
                return null;
            }
        }
    }
}

   if (logLevel == LogLevel.Critical || logLevel == LogLevel.Error || logLevel == LogLevel.Warning)

using (var db = new MyContext())
{
   var loggerFactory = (ILoggerFactory)db.GetInfrastructure().GetService(typeof(ILoggerFactory));
   loggerFactory.AddProvider(new MyLoggerProvider());
 }

public void Configure(ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
   loggerFactory.AddProvider(new MyLoggerProvider());

public ILogger CreateLogger(string categoryName)

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage.Internal;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System.Linq;
using System;
 
namespace Tests
{
    public class MyLoggerProvider : ILoggerProvider
    {
        private static readonly string[] _categories =
            {
                typeof(RelationalCommandBuilderFactory).FullName,
                typeof(SqlServerConnection).FullName
            };
        public ILogger CreateLogger(string categoryName)
        {
            if (_categories.Contains(categoryName))
            {
                return new MyLogger();
            }
 
            return NullLogger.Instance;
        }

using System;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using TestExpression.MyBookService;

namespace TestExpression
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main( string[] args )
        {
            BookServiceClient bookService = new BookServiceClient();

            Expression<Func<Book, bool>> expression = x => x.Code > 2 && x.Code < 5;

            Common.ExpressionSerializer serializer = new Common.ExpressionSerializer();

            bookService.GetByExpression( serializer.Serialize( expression ) );
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using Lucene.Net.Analysis.Standard;
using Lucene.Net.Documents;
using Lucene.Net.Index;
using Lucene.Net.Store;

namespace ShaahnamehAnalysis
{
    public static class CreateIndex
    {
        static readonly Lucene.Net.Util.Version _version = Lucene.Net.Util.Version.LUCENE_CURRENT;

        static HashSet<string> getStopWords()
        {
            var result = new HashSet<string>();
            var stopWords = new[]
            {
                "به",
                "با",
                "از",
                "تا",
                "و",
                "است",
                "هست",
                "هستم",
                "هستیم",
                "هستید",
                "هستند",
                "نیست",
                "نیستم",
                "نیستیم",
                "نیستند",
                "اما",
                "یا",
                "این",
                "آن",
                "اینجا",
                "آنجا",
                "بود",
                "باد",
                "برای",
                "که",
                "دارم",
                "داری",
                "دارد",
                "داریم",
                "دارید",
                "دارند",
                "چند",
                "را",
                "ها",
                "های",
                "می",
                "هم",
                "در",
                "باشم",
                "باشی",
                "باشد",
                "باشیم",
                "باشید",
                "باشند",
                "اگر",
                "مگر",
                "بجز",
                "جز",
                "الا",
                "اینکه",
                "چرا",
                "کی",
                "چه",
                "چطور",
                "چی",
                "چیست",
                "آیا",
                "چنین",
                "اینچنین",
                "نخست",
                "اول",
                "آخر",
                "انتها",
                "صد",
                "هزار",
                "میلیون",
                "ملیون",
                "میلیارد",
                "ملیارد",
                "یکهزار",
                "تریلیون",
                "تریلیارد",
                "میان",
                "بین",
                "زیر",
                "بیش",
                "روی",
                "ضمن",
                "همانا",
                "ای",
                "بعد",
                "پس",
                "قبل",
                "پیش",
                "هیچ",
                "همه",
                "واما",
                "شد",
                "شده",
                "شدم",
                "شدی",
                "شدیم",
                "شدند",
                "یک",
                "یکی",
                "نبود",
                "میکند",
                "میکنم",                
                "میکنیم",
                "میکنید",
                "میکنند",
                "میکنی",
                "طور",
                "اینطور",
                "آنطور",
                "هر",
                "حال",
                "مثل",
                "خواهم",
                "خواهی",
                "خواهد",
                "خواهیم",
                "خواهید",
                "خواهند",
                "داشته",
                "داشت",
                "داشتی",
                "داشتم",
                "داشتیم",
                "داشتید",
                "داشتند",
                "آنکه",
                "مورد",
                "کنید",
                "کنم",
                "کنی",
                "کنند",
                "کنیم",
                "نکنم",
                "نکنی",
                "نکند",
                "نکنیم",
                "نکنید",
                "نکنند",
                "نکن",
                "بگو",
                "نگو",
                "مگو",
                "بنابراین",
                "بدین",
                "من",
                "تو",
                "او",
                "ما",
                "شما",
                "ایشان",
                "ی",
                "ـ",
                "هایی",
                "خیلی",
                "بسیار",
                "1",
                "بر",
                "l",
                "شود",
                "کرد",
                "کرده",
                "نیز",
                "خود",
                "شوند",
                "اند",
                "داد",
                "دهد",
                "گشت",
                "ز",
                "گفت",
                "آمد",
                "اندر",
                "چون",
                "بد",
                "چو",
                "همی",
                "پر",
                "سوی",
                "دو",
                "گر",
                "بی",
                "گرد",
                "زین",
                "کس",
                "زان",
                "جای",
                "آید"
            };

            foreach (var item in stopWords)
                result.Add(item);

            return result;
        }

        public static void CreateShaahnamehIndex(string file = "shaahnameh.txt")
        {
            var directory = FSDirectory.Open(new DirectoryInfo(Environment.CurrentDirectory + "\\LuceneIndex"));
            var analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(_version, getStopWords());
            using (var writer = new IndexWriter(directory, analyzer, create: true, mfl: IndexWriter.MaxFieldLength.UNLIMITED))
            {
                var section = string.Empty;
                foreach (var line in File.ReadAllLines(file))
                {
                    int result;
                    if (int.TryParse(line, out result))
                    {
                        var postDocument = new Document();
                        postDocument.Add(new Field("Id", result.ToString(), Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NOT_ANALYZED));
                        postDocument.Add(new Field("Body", section, Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED, Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS));
                        writer.AddDocument(postDocument);
                        section = string.Empty;
                    }
                    else
                        section += line;
                }

                writer.Optimize();
                writer.Commit();
                writer.Close();
                directory.Close();
            }
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using Lucene.Net.Index;
using Lucene.Net.Store;

namespace ShaahnamehAnalysis
{
    [DebuggerDisplay("{Frequency}, {Text}")]
    public class Tag
    {
        public string Text { set; get; }

        /// <summary>
        /// The frequency of a term is defined as the number of 
        /// documents in which a specific term appears.
        /// </summary>
        public int Frequency { set; get; }
    }

    public static class WordsCloud
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Create Words Cloud
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="threshold">every term that appears in more than x Body</param>
        public static IList<Tag> Create(int threshold = 200)
        {
            var path = Environment.CurrentDirectory + "\\LuceneIndex";

            var results = new List<Tag>();
            var field = "Body";

            IndexReader indexReader = IndexReader.Open(FSDirectory.Open(path ), true);

            var termFrequency = indexReader.Terms();
            while (termFrequency.Next())
            {
                if (termFrequency.DocFreq() >= threshold && termFrequency.Term.Field == field)
                {
                    results.Add(new Tag { Text = termFrequency.Term.Text, Frequency = termFrequency.DocFreq() });
                }
            }
            return results.OrderByDescending(x => x.Frequency).ToList();
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;

namespace ShaahnamehAnalysis
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            CreateIndex.CreateShaahnamehIndex();
            var wordsCloudList = WordsCloud.Create();

            var data = wordsCloudList.Select(x => x.Text + ", " + x.Frequency)
                                     .Aggregate((s1, s2) => s1 + Environment.NewLine + s2);
            var output = "ShaahnamehAnalysis.txt";
            File.WriteAllText(output, data);
            Process.Start(output);
        }
    }
}

Objectها باید مانند ماشین‌هایی تلقی شوند که عملیات موجود در واسط عمومی خود را برای افرادی که درخواست مناسبی ارسال کنند، اجرا خواهند کرد. با توجه به اینکه یک object از استفاده کننده خود مستقل است و وابستگی به او ندارد و همچنین توجه به ساختار نحوی (syntax) برخی از زبان‌های شیء گرای جدید، عبارت «sending a message» برای توصیف اجرای رفتاری از مجموعه رفتارهای object، استفاده میشود.
به محض اینکه پیغامی (Message) به سمت object ارسال شود، ابتدا باید تصمیم بگیرد که این پیغام ارسالی را درک می‌کند. فرض کنیم این پیغام قابل درک است. در این صورت object مورد نظر، همزمان با نگاشت پیغام به یک فراخوانی تابع (function call)، خود را به صورت ضمنی به عنوان اولین آرگومان ارسال می‌کند. تصمیم گرفتن در رابطه با قابل درک بودن یک پیغام، در زبان‌های مفسری در زمان اجرا و در زبان‌های کامپایلری در زمان کامپایل، انجام میگرد. 
نام (یا prototype) رفتار یک وهله، Message (پیغام) نامیده می‌شود. بسیاری از زبان‌های شیء گرا مفهموم Overloaded Functions Or Operators را پشتیبانی می‌کنند. در این صورت می‌توان در سیستم دو تابعی داشت که با نام یکسان، یا انواع مختلف آرگومان (intraclass overloading) داشته باشند یا در کلاس‌های مختلفی (interclass overloading) قرار گیرند. 
ممکن است کلاس ساعت زنگدار، دو پیغام set_time که یکی از آنها با دو آرگومان از نوع عدد صحیح و دیگری یک آرگومان رشته‌ای است داشته باشد.

void AlarmClock::set_time(int hours, int minutes); 

void AlarmClock::set_time(String time);

void AlarmClock::set_time(int hours, int minutes); 

void Watch::set_time(int hours, int minutes);

public class Object
    {
        public Object();
        public static bool Equals(Object objA, Object objB){...}
        public static bool ReferenceEquals(Object objA, Object objB){...}
        public virtual bool Equals(Object obj){...}
        public virtual int GetHashCode(){...}
        public Type GetType(){...}
        public virtual string ToString(){...}
        protected Object MemberwiseClone(){...}
    }

namespace BlazorWasm.WebApi
{
    public class Startup
    {
        //...

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddAutoMapper(typeof(MappingProfile).Assembly);

            services.AddScoped<IHotelRoomService, HotelRoomService>();
            services.AddScoped<IAmenityService, AmenityService>();
            services.AddScoped<IHotelRoomImageService, HotelRoomImageService>();

            var connectionString = Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection");
            services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options => options.UseSqlServer(connectionString));

            services.AddIdentity<IdentityUser, IdentityRole>()
                .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
                .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

            //...

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="AutoMapper.Extensions.Microsoft.DependencyInjection" Version="8.1.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="Swashbuckle.AspNetCore" Version="5.6.3" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\BlazorServer\BlazorServer.DataAccess\BlazorServer.DataAccess.csproj" />
    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\BlazorServer\BlazorServer.Services\BlazorServer.Services.csproj" />
    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\BlazorServer\BlazorServer.Models.Mappings\BlazorServer.Models.Mappings.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

{
  "ConnectionStrings": {
    "DefaultConnection": "Server=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Database=HotelManagement;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true"
  }
}

using BlazorServer.Models;
using BlazorServer.Services;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace BlazorWasm.WebApi.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    public class HotelRoomController : ControllerBase
    {
        private readonly IHotelRoomService _hotelRoomService;

        public HotelRoomController(IHotelRoomService hotelRoomService)
        {
            _hotelRoomService = hotelRoomService;
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public IAsyncEnumerable<HotelRoomDTO> GetHotelRooms()
        {
            return _hotelRoomService.GetAllHotelRoomsAsync();
        }

        [HttpGet("{roomId}")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> GetHotelRoom(int? roomId)
        {
            if (roomId == null)
            {
                return BadRequest(new ErrorModel
                {
                    Title = "",
                    ErrorMessage = "Invalid Room Id",
                    StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest
                });
            }

            var roomDetails = await _hotelRoomService.GetHotelRoomAsync(roomId.Value);
            if (roomDetails == null)
            {
                return BadRequest(new ErrorModel
                {
                    Title = "",
                    ErrorMessage = "Invalid Room Id",
                    StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status404NotFound
                });
            }

            return Ok(roomDetails);
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.Models
{
    public class ErrorModel
    {
        public string Title { get; set; }

        public int StatusCode { get; set; }

        public string ErrorMessage { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace BlazorWasm.WebApi
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
         // ... 

            services.AddCors(o => o.AddPolicy("HotelManagement", builder =>
            {
                builder.AllowAnyOrigin().AllowAnyMethod().AllowAnyHeader();
            }));

            services.AddControllers()
                    .AddJsonOptions(options =>
                    {
                        options.JsonSerializerOptions.PropertyNamingPolicy = null;
                        // To avoid `JsonSerializationException: Self referencing loop detected error`
                        options.JsonSerializerOptions.ReferenceHandler = ReferenceHandler.Preserve;
                    });
         // ... 
        }

        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            // ... 

            app.UseCors("HotelManagement");
            app.UseRouting();

            app.UseAuthentication();
            // ...
        }
    }
}

 public interface IBookView : IView
    {
        void Show();
        void Close();
    }

Install-Package WAF

<Window x:Class="Shell.BookShell"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="Book View" Height="350" Width="525">
    <Grid>
        <DataGrid ItemsSource="{Binding Books}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,10,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="400" Height="200">
            <DataGrid.Columns>
                <DataGridTextColumn Header="Code" Binding="{Binding Code}" Width="100"></DataGridTextColumn>
                <DataGridTextColumn Header="Title" Binding="{Binding Title}" Width="300"></DataGridTextColumn>
            </DataGrid.Columns>
        </DataGrid>

    </Grid>
</Window>

[Export(typeof(IBookView))]
    [PartCreationPolicy(CreationPolicy.NonShared)]
    public partial class BookShell : Window, IBookView
    {
        public BookShell()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
    }

 public class Book
    {
        public int Code { get; set; }

        public string Title { get; set; }
    }

[Export]
    [Export(typeof(ViewModel<IBookView>))]
    public class BookViewModel : ViewModel<IBookView>
    {
        [ImportingConstructor]
        public BookViewModel(IBookView view)
            : base(view)
        {
        }
       
        public ObservableCollection<Book> Books { get; set; }
        
    }

[Export]
    public class BookController
    {
        [ImportingConstructor]
        public BookController(BookViewModel viewModel)
        {
            ViewModelCore = viewModel;
        }

        public BookViewModel ViewModelCore
        {
            get;
            private set;
        }

        public void Run()
        {
            var result = new List<Book>();
            result.Add(new Book { Code = 1, Title = "Book1" });
            result.Add(new Book { Code = 2, Title = "Book2" });
            result.Add(new Book { Code = 3, Title = "Book3" });

            ViewModelCore.Books = new ObservableCollection<Models.Book>(result);

            (ViewModelCore.View as IBookView).Show();
        }
    }

public class AppBootstrapper
    {
        public CompositionContainer Container
        {
            get;
            private set;
        }

        public AggregateCatalog Catalog
        {
            get;
            private set;
        }

        public void Run()
        {
            Catalog = new AggregateCatalog();
            Catalog.Catalogs.Add(new AssemblyCatalog(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()));
            
            Catalog.Catalogs.Add(new AssemblyCatalog(String.Format("{0}\\{1}", Environment.CurrentDirectory, "Shell.dll")));
            Catalog.Catalogs.Add(new AssemblyCatalog(String.Format("{0}\\{1}", Environment.CurrentDirectory, "ViewModels.dll")));
            Catalog.Catalogs.Add(new AssemblyCatalog(String.Format("{0}\\{1}", Environment.CurrentDirectory, "Controllers.dll")));

            Container = new CompositionContainer(Catalog);

            var batch = new CompositionBatch();
            batch.AddExportedValue(Container);
            Container.Compose(batch);

            var bookController = Container.GetExportedValue<BookController>();
            bookController.Run();


        }
    }

public partial class App : Application
    {
        protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
        {
            new Bootstrapper.AppBootstrapper().Run();
        }
    }

Catalog.Catalogs.Add(new DirectoryCatalog(Environment.CurrentDirectory));