if (bool.TryParse("TRUE", out parsedValue)) { /* Do your stuff */ }

 if (bool.TryParse("TRUE", out bool _)) { /* Do your stuff */ }

  var (arg1, _, _) = (1, 2, 3);

// in pattern matching
switch (input)
{
    case int number:
        Add(number);
        break;
    case object[] _:
        // ignore
        break;
}

// in delegate parameters
var usersWithPosts =  
    context.Users
           .Join(context.Posts,
                 user => user.UserId,
                 post => post.UserId,
                 (user, _) => user);

bool _ = false, v = false;
if (bool.TryParse("TRUE", out var _))
{
    /* Do your stuff */
    v = _;
}

 var (arg1, _, _) = (1, 2, 3);

var sequence = new[] { 12, 3, -4, 7 }.ToObservable();
var runningSum = sequence.Scan((accumulator, value) =>
{
    Console.WriteLine("accumulator {0}", accumulator);
    Console.WriteLine("value {0}", value);
    return accumulator + value;
});
runningSum.Subscribe(result => Console.WriteLine("result {0}\n", result));

result 12

accumulator 12
value 3
result 15

accumulator 15
value -4
result 11

accumulator 11
value 7
result 18

 var runningSum = sequence.Scan(seed: 10, accumulator: (accumulator, value) =>

var sequence = Enumerable.Range(1, 200)
                 .ToObservable()
                 .Buffer(count: 10);

sequence.Subscribe(onNext: numbers =>
{
   Console.WriteLine(numbers.Sum());
});

 var sequence = Enumerable.Range(1, 200)
                   .ToObservable()
                   .Buffer(timeSpan: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));

 var sequence = Enumerable.Range(1, 200)
                           .ToObservable()
                           .Window(timeSpan: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));

sequence.Subscribe(onNext: numbers =>
{
       numbers.Subscribe(onNext: number => Console.WriteLine(number));
});

 var sequence = Enumerable.Range(1, 200)
                          .ToObservable()
                          .Window(10);

sequence.Subscribe(onNext: numbers =>
{
     numbers.Sum().Subscribe(onNext: number => Console.WriteLine(number));
});

• تنها caller از پایان یافتن عملیات غیرهمزمان مطلع خواهد شد.
  
• هندل کردن خطا و همچنین مدیریت چندین عملیات asynchronous به صورت همزمان خیلی سخت خواهد بود.
  

function getCompanyFromOrderId(orderId) {
    getOrder(orderId, function(order) {
        getUser(order.userId, function(user) {
            getCompany(user.companyId, function(company) {
                // do something with company
            });
        });
    });
}

function getCompanyFromOrderId(orderId) {
    try {
        getOrder(orderId, function (order) {
            try {
                getUser(order.userId, function (user) {
                    try {
                        getCompany(user.companyId, function (company) {
                            try {
                                // do something with company
                            } catch (ex) {
                                // handle exception
                            }
                        });
                    } catch (ex) {
                        // handle exception
                    }
                });
            } catch (ex) {
                // handle exception
            }
        });
    } catch (ex) {
        // handle exception
    }
}

function getCompanyFromOrderId(orderId) {
    getOrder(orderId).then(function(order) {
        return getUser(order.orderId);
    }).then(function(user) {
        return getCompany(user.companyId);
    }).then(function(company) {
        // do something with company
    }).then(undefined, function(error) {
        // handle error
    })
}

var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
  // انجام یکسری عملیات به عنوان مثال دریافت اطلاعات از سرور و...

  if (/* اگر کدهای فوق با موفقیت انجام شدند */) {
    resolve("عملیات با موفقیت انجام پذیرفت");
  }
  else {
    reject(Error("خطایی رخ داده است"));
  }
});

promise.then(function(result) {
  console.log(result); // "عملیات با موفقیت انجام پذیرفت "
}, function(err) {
  console.log(err); // Error: "خطایی رخ داده است"
});

function get(url){
    return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
       $.get(url, function(data) {
           resolve(data);
       }) 
       .fail(function(){
          reject(); 
       });
    });
}

get('users.all').then(function(users){
    myController.users = users;
}, function(){
   delete myController.users; 
});

get('users.all').then(function(users){
    myController.users = users;
})
.catch(function(){
    delete myController.users;
});

var usersPromise = get('users.all');
var postsPromise = get('posts.everyone');

Promise.all([usersPromise, postsPromise])
.then(function(result){
    myController.users = result[0];
    myController.posts = result[1];
}, function(){
   delete myController.users;
   delete myController.posts; 
});

get('users.all').then(function(usersString){
    return JSON.parse(usersString);
}).then(function(users){
   myController.users = users; 
});

get('users.all').then(JSON.parse).then(function(users){
   myController.users = users; 
});

import React, { useReducer } from "react";

const initialState = { rValue: true };
type State = {  rValue: boolean; };
type Action = {   type: string; };

function reducer(state: State, action: Action) {
  switch (action.type) {
    case "one":
      return { rValue: true };
    case "two":
      return { rValue: false };
    default:
      return state;
  }
}

export const ReducerButtons = () => {
  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialState);
  return (
    <div>
      {state?.rValue && <h1>Visible</h1>}
      <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "one" })}>Action One</button>
      <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "two" })}>Action Two</button>
    </div>
  );
};

<button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "three" })}>Action Three</button>

type Action = {
   type: "one" | "two" | "three";
};

            $('#list').jqGrid({
                caption: "آزمایش نهم",
                // ....
                colModel: [
                    {
                        name: 'myac', width: 80, fixed: true, sortable: false,
                        resize: false,
                        //formatter: 'actions',
                        formatter: function (cellvalue, options, rowObject) {
                            if (cellvalue === undefined && options.rowId === "_empty") {
                                // در حالت نمایش ردیف توکار جدید دکمه‌های ویرایش و حذف معنی ندارند
                                options.colModel.formatoptions.editbutton = false;
                                options.colModel.formatoptions.delbutton = false;
                            }
                            return $.fn.fmatter.actions(cellvalue, options, rowObject);
                        },
                        formatoptions: {
                            keys: true,
                            afterSave: function (rowid, response) {
                            },
                            delbutton: true,
                            delOptions: {
                                url: "@Url.Action("DeleteUser", "Home")"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                ],
                //...
            }).navGrid(
                '#pager',
//...
)
                .jqGrid('gridResize', { minWidth: 400, minHeight: 150 })
                .jqGrid('inlineNav', '#pager',
                {
                    edit: true, add: true, save: true, cancel: true,
                    edittext: "ویرایش", addtext: "جدید", savetext: "ذخیره", canceltext: "لغو",
                    addParams: {
                        // اگر می‌خواهید ردیف‌های جدید در ابتدا ظاهر شوند، این سطر را حذف کنید
                        position: "last", //ردیف‌های جدید در آخر ظاهر می‌شوند
                        rowID: '_empty',
                        useDefValues: true,
                        addRowParams: getInlineNavParams(true)
                    },
                    editParams: getInlineNavParams(false)
                });

        function getInlineNavParams(isAdd) {
            return {
                // استفاده از آدرس‌های مختلف برای حالات ویرایش و ثبت اطلاعات جدید
                url: isAdd ? '@Url.Action("AddUser", "Home")' : '@Url.Action("EditUser","Home")',
                key: true,
                restoreAfterError: false, // این مورد سبب می‌شود تا اعتبارسنجی سمت سرور قابل اعمال شود
                oneditfunc: function (rowId) {
                    // نمایش دکمه‌های ذخیره و لغو داخل همان سطر
                    $("#jSaveButton_" + rowId).show();
                    $("#jCancelButton_" + rowId).show();
                },
                successfunc: function () {
                    var $self = $(this);
                    setTimeout(function () {
                        $self.trigger("reloadGrid"); // دریافت کلید اصلی ردیف از سرور
                    }, 50);
                },
                errorfunc: function (rowid, response, stat) {
                    if (stat != 'error') // this.Response.StatusCode == 200
                        return;

                    var result = $.parseJSON(response.responseText);
                    if (result.success === false) {
                        //نمایش خطای اعتبار سنجی سمت سرور پس از ویرایش یا افزودن
                        $.jgrid.info_dialog($.jgrid.errors.errcap,
                            '<div class="ui-state-error">' + result.message + '</div>',
                            $.jgrid.edit.bClose,
                            { buttonalign: 'center' });
                    }
                }
            };
        }

            if (_usersInMemoryDataSource.Any(
                    user => user.Name.Equals(postData.Name, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)))
            {
                this.Response.StatusCode = 500; //این مورد برای افزودن داخل ردیف‌های گرید لازم است
                return Json(new { success = false, message = "نام کاربر تکراری است" }, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
            }

            $('#list').jqGrid({
                caption: "آزمایش نهم",
                //.........
            }).navGrid(
                '#pager',
                //enabling buttons
                { add: true, del: true, edit: true, search: false },
                //edit option
                {
                    //......... 
                    errorTextFormat: serverErrorTextFormat
                },
                //add options
                {
                    //......... 
                    errorTextFormat: serverErrorTextFormat
                },
                //delete options
                {
                    //......... 
                })
                .jqGrid('gridResize', { minWidth: 400, minHeight: 150 })
                .jqGrid('inlineNav', '#pager',
                {
                    //......... 
                });

        function serverErrorTextFormat (response) {
            // در حالتیکه وضعیت خروجی از سرور 200 نیست فراخوانی می‌شود
            var result = $.parseJSON(response.responseText);
            if (result.success === false) {
                return result.message;
            }
            return "لطفا ورودی‌های وارد شده را بررسی کنید";
        }

 SELECT * INTO #temptable FROM [Northwind].[dbo].[Products]
UPDATE #temptable SET [UnitPrice] = [UnitPrice] + 10

DECLARE @tempTable TABLE
(
   [ProductID] [int] NOT NULL,
   [ProductName] [nvarchar](40) NOT NULL,
   [UnitPrice] [money] NULL
)
 
INSERT INTO @tempTable
SELECT
   [ProductID],
   [ProductName],
   [UnitPrice]
FROM [Northwind].[dbo].[Products]
 
UPDATE @temptable SET [UnitPrice] = [UnitPrice] + 10

WITH yourName [(Column1, Column2, ...)]
AS
(
   your query
)

WITH temp
AS
(
    SELECT
         [ProductName],
         [UnitPrice]
    FROM [Northwind].[dbo].[Products]
)
SELECT * FROM temp
ORDER BY [UnitPrice] DESC

WITH orderSales (OrderID, Total)
AS
(
   SELECT
      [OrderID],
     SUM([UnitPrice]*[Quantity]) AS Total
   FROM [Northwind].[dbo].[Order Details]
   GROUP BY [OrderID]
)
SELECT
   O.[ShipCountry],
   SUM(OS.[Total]) AS TotalSales
FROM [Northwind].[dbo].[Orders] AS O INNER JOIN [orderSales] AS OS
ON O.[OrderID] = OS.[OrderID]
GROUP BY O.[ShipCountry]
ORDER BY TotalSales DESC

WITH customerList
AS
(
   SELECT
      [CustomerID],
      [ContactName]
   FROM [Northwind].[dbo].[Customers]
   WHERE [Country] ='UK'
)
,orderList
AS
(
   SELECT
      [CustomerID],
      [OrderDate]
   FROM [Northwind].[dbo].[Orders]
   WHERE YEAR([OrderDate])< 2000
)
SELECT
   cl.[ContactName],
   YEAR(ol.[OrderDate]) AS SalesYear
FROM customerList AS cl JOIN orderList AS ol
ON cl.[CustomerID] = ol.[CustomerID]

WITH digitList
AS
(
   SELECT [digit] from [digits]
)
SELECT
   a.[digit] * 10 + b.[digit] + 1 AS [Digit]
FROM [digitList] AS a CROSSJOIN [digitList] AS b

WITH CTE_1 AS
(
   ....
),
CTE_2 AS
(
   SELECT  ... FROM CTE_1 JOIN ...
)
SELECT   *
FROM FOO
LEFTJOIN  CTE_1
LEFTJOIN  CTE_2

WITH cteName AS
(
   query1
   UNION ALL
   query2
)

IFOBJECT_ID('Employees','U')ISNOTNULL
DROPTABLE dbo.Employees
GO 

CREATETABLE dbo.Employees
(
  EmployeeID intNOTNULLPRIMARYKEY,
  FirstName varchar(50)NOTNULL,
  LastName varchar(50)NOTNULL,
  ManagerID intNULL
)

GO


INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (101,'Alireza','Nematollahi',NULL)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (102,'Ahmad','Mofarrahzadeh', 101)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (103,'Mohammad','BozorgGhommi', 102)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (104,'Masoud','Narimani', 103)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (105,'Mohsen','Hashemi', 103)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (106,'Aref','Partovi', 102)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (107,'Hosain','Mahmoudi', 106)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (108,'Naser','Pourali', 106)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (109,'Reza','Bagheri', 102)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (110,'Abbas','Najafian', 102)

WITHcteReports(EmpID, FirstName, LastName, MgrID, EmpLevel)
AS
(
SELECT EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, ManagerID, 1
FROM Employees
WHERE ManagerID ISNULL
UNIONALL
SELECT e.EmployeeID, e.FirstName, e.LastName, e.ManagerID,r.EmpLevel + 1
FROM Employees e INNERJOINcteReports r
ON e.ManagerID = r.EmpID
)
SELECT
FirstName +' '+ LastName AS FullName,
EmpLevel,
(SELECT FirstName +' '+ LastName FROM Employees
WHERE EmployeeID = cteReports.MgrID)AS Manager
FROMcteReports
ORDERBY EmpLevel, MgrID

WITHcteReports(EmpID, FirstName, LastName, MgrID, EmpLevel)
AS
(
SELECT EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, ManagerID, 1
FROM Employees
WHERE EmployeeID = 110
UNIONALL
SELECTe.EmployeeID, e.FirstName, e.LastName, e.ManagerID,r.EmpLevel + 1
FROM Employees e INNERJOINcteReports r
ON e.EmployeeID = r.MgrID
)
SELECT
FirstName +' '+ LastName AS FullName,
EmpLevel
FROMcteReports
ORDERBY EmpLevel