یک لامپ و سوئیچ برق را درنظر بگیرید. زمانیکه لامپ مشاهده می‌کند سوئیچ برق در حالت روشن قرار گرفته‌است، روشن خواهد شد و برعکس. در اینجا به سوئیچ، subject و به لامپ، observer گفته می‌شود. هر زمان که حالت سوئیچ تغییر می‌کند، از طریق یک callback، وضعیت خود را به observer اعلام خواهد کرد. علت استفاده از callbackها، ارائه راه‌حل‌های عمومی است تا بتواند با انواع و اقسام اشیاء کار کند. به این ترتیب هر بار که شیء observer از نوع متفاوتی تعریف می‌شود (مثلا بجای لامپ یک خودرو قرار گیرد)، نیازی نخواهد بود تا subject را تغییر داد.

public abstract class Observer
    {
        protected Observable Observable;
        public abstract void Update();
    }

 public  class Observable
    {
        private readonly List<Observer> _observers = new List<Observer>();

        public void Attach(Observer observer)
        {
            _observers.Add(observer);
        }
        public void Dettach(Observer observer)
        {
            _observers.Remove(observer);
        }

        public void NotifyAllObservers()
        {
            foreach (var observer in _observers)
            {
                observer.Update();
            }
        }
    }

 public  class Switch:Observable
    {
        private bool _state;

        public bool ChangeState
        {
            set
            {
                _state = value;
                NotifyAllObservers();
            }
            get { return _state; }
        }
    }

   public class RedLED:Observer
    {
        private bool _on = false;
        public override void Update()
        {
            _on = !_on;
            Console.WriteLine($"Red LED is {((_on) ? "On" : "Off")}");
        }
    }

  public class GreenLED:Observer
    {
        private bool _on = false;
        public override void Update()
        {
            _on = !_on;
            Console.WriteLine($"Green LED is {((_on) ? "On" : "Off")}");
        }
    }

  public  class BlueLED:Observer
    {
        private bool _on = false;
        public override void Update()
        {
            _on = !_on;
            Console.WriteLine($"Blue LED is {((_on) ? "On" : "Off")}");
        }
    }

var greenLed=new GreenLED();
            var redLed=new RedLED();
            var blueLed=new BlueLED();

            var switchKey=new Switch();
            switchKey.Attach(greenLed);
            switchKey.Attach(redLed);
            switchKey.Attach(blueLed);

            switchKey.ChangeState = true;
            switchKey.ChangeState = false;

Green LED is On
Red LED is On
Blue LED is On
Green LED is Off
Red LED is Off
Blue LED is Off

 static T Add<T>(T left, T right) where T : INumber<T> => left + right;

public readonly struct Int32 : 
  IComparable, 
  IComparable<int>, 
  IConvertible, 
  IEquatable<int>, 
  IFormattable, 
  IParsable<int>, 
  ISpanFormattable, 
  ISpanParsable<int>, 
  IAdditionOperators<int, int, int>, 
  IAdditiveIdentity<int, int>, 
  IBinaryInteger<int>, 
  IBinaryNumber<int>, 
  IBitwiseOperators<int, int, int>, 
  IComparisonOperators<int, int, bool>, 
  IEqualityOperators<int, int, bool>, 
  IDecrementOperators<int>, 
  IDivisionOperators<int, int, int>, 
  IIncrementOperators<int>, 
  IModulusOperators<int, int, int>, 
  IMultiplicativeIdentity<int, int>, 
  IMultiplyOperators<int, int, int>, 
  INumber<int>, 
  INumberBase<int>, 
  ISubtractionOperators<int, int, int>, 
  IUnaryNegationOperators<int, int>, 
  IUnaryPlusOperators<int, int>, 
  IShiftOperators<int, int, int>, 
  IMinMaxValue<int>, 
  ISignedNumber<int>

public interface INumber<TSelf> : 
IComparable, 
IComparable<TSelf>, 
IEquatable<TSelf>, 
IFormattable, 
IParsable<TSelf>, 
ISpanFormattable, 
ISpanParsable<TSelf>, 
IAdditionOperators<TSelf, TSelf, TSelf>, 
IAdditiveIdentity<TSelf, TSelf>, 
IComparisonOperators<TSelf, TSelf, bool>, 
IEqualityOperators<TSelf, TSelf, bool>, 
IDecrementOperators<TSelf>, 
IDivisionOperators<TSelf, TSelf, TSelf>, 
IIncrementOperators<TSelf>, 
IModulusOperators<TSelf, TSelf, TSelf>, 
IMultiplicativeIdentity<TSelf, TSelf>, 
IMultiplyOperators<TSelf, TSelf, TSelf>, 
INumberBase<TSelf>, 
ISubtractionOperators<TSelf, TSelf, TSelf>, 
IUnaryNegationOperators<TSelf, TSelf>, 
IUnaryPlusOperators<TSelf, TSelf> where TSelf : INumber<TSelf>?

            try
            {
                using (WebSession mywebsession = WebCore.CreateWebSession(
new WebPreferences() { CustomCSS = "::-webkit-scrollbar { visibility: hidden; }" }))
                {
                    using (var view = WebCore.CreateWebView(1240, 1000, mywebsession))
                    {
                        view.Source = new Uri("https://site.com/");

                        bool finishedLoading = false;
                        view.LoadingFrameComplete += (s, e) =>
                        {
                            if (e.IsMainFrame)
                                finishedLoading = true;
                        };

                        while (!finishedLoading)
                        {
                            Thread.Sleep(100);
                            WebCore.Update();
                        }

                        using (var surface = (BitmapSurface)view.Surface)
                        {
                            surface.SaveToJPEG("result.jpg");
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                WebCore.Shutdown();
            }

 System.InvalidOperationException: You are attempting to re-initialize the WebCore.
The WebCore must only be initialized once per process and must be shut down only when the process exits.

 System.AccessViolationException: Attempted to read or write protected memory.
This is often an indication that other memory is corrupt. at Awesomium.Core.NativeMethods.WebCore_CreateWebView_1(HandleRef jarg1, Int32 jarg2, Int32 jarg3, HandleRef jarg4)

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;
using System.Web;
using Awesomium.Core;

namespace AwesomiumWebModule
{
    public class AwesomiumModule : IHttpModule
    {
        private static readonly Thread WorkerThread = new Thread(awesomiumWorker);
        private static readonly ConcurrentQueue<AwesomiumRequest> TaskQueue = new ConcurrentQueue<AwesomiumRequest>();
        private static bool _isRunning = true;

        static AwesomiumModule()
        {
            WorkerThread.Start();
        }       

        private static void awesomiumWorker()
        {
            while (_isRunning)
            {
                if (TaskQueue.Count != 0)
                {
                    AwesomiumRequest outRequest;
                    if (TaskQueue.TryDequeue(out outRequest))
                    {
                        var img = AwesomiumThumbnail.FetchWebPageThumbnail(outRequest);
                        File.WriteAllBytes(outRequest.SavePath, img);
                        Thread.Sleep(500);
                    }
                }
                Thread.Sleep(5);
            }
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            _isRunning = false;
            WebCore.Shutdown();
        }

        public void Init(HttpApplication context)
        {
            context.EndRequest += endRequest;
        }

        static void endRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            var url = HttpContext.Current.Items[Constants.AwesomiumRequest] as AwesomiumRequest;
            if (url!=null)
            {
                TaskQueue.Enqueue(url);
            }
        }
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>
  <system.web>
    <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" />
    <httpModules>
      <add name="AwesomiumWebModule" type="AwesomiumWebModule.AwesomiumModule"/>
    </httpModules>
  </system.web>

  <system.webServer>
    <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false"/>
    <modules>
      <add name="AwesomiumWebModule" type="AwesomiumWebModule.AwesomiumModule"/>
    </modules>
  </system.webServer>
</configuration>

        protected void btnStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            var host = new Uri(txtUrl.Text).Host;
            HttpContext.Current.Items.Add(Constants.AwesomiumRequest, new AwesomiumRequest
            {
                Url = txtUrl.Text,
                SavePath = Path.Combine(HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPath, "App_Data\\Thumbnails\\" + host + ".jpg"),
                TempDir = Path.Combine(HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPath, "App_Data\\Temp")
            });
            lblInfo.Text = "Please wait. Your request will be served shortly.";
        }

using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Helpers;
using System.Globalization;

namespace Parsnet
{
    public class ParsnetModelBinder : DefaultModelBinder
    {
        public override object BindModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext)
        {
            try
            {
                return base.BindModel(controllerContext, bindingContext);
            }
            catch (HttpRequestValidationException ex)
            {
                var modelState = new ModelState();
                modelState.Errors.Add("اطلاعات ارسالی شما دارای کدهای HTML می‌باشند.");
                var key = bindingContext.ModelName;
                var value = controllerContext.RequestContext.HttpContext.Request.Unvalidated().Form[key];
                modelState.Value = new ValueProviderResult(value, value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
                bindingContext.ModelState.Add(key, modelState);
            }

            return null;
        }
    }
}

    ModelBinders.Binders.DefaultBinder = new ParsnetModelBinder();

public class MyClass : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    private string _myValue;
    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
    public string MyValue
    {
        get
        {
            return _myValue;
        }
        set
        {
            _myValue = value;
            RaisePropertyChanged("MyValue");
        }
    }
    protected void RaisePropertyChanged(string propertyName)
    {
        if (PropertyChanged != null)
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
    }
}

public class MyDreamClass : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
    public string MyValue { get; set; }
}

 PM> Install-Package structuremap
PM> Install-Package Castle.Core

namespace AOP01.Services
{
    public interface ITestService
    {
        int GetCount();
    }
}

namespace AOP01.Services
{
    public class TestService: ITestService
    {     
        public int GetCount()
        {
            return 10; //این فقط یک مثال است برای بررسی تزریق وابستگی‌ها
        }
    }
}

using AOP01.Services;
using AOP01.Core;

namespace AOP01.ViewModels
{
    public class TestViewModel  : BaseViewModel
    {
        private readonly ITestService _testService;
        //تزریق وابستگی‌ها در سازنده کلاس
        public TestViewModel(ITestService testService)
        {
            _testService = testService;
        }

        // Note: it's a virtual property.
        public virtual string Text { get; set; }
    }
}

using System.ComponentModel;

namespace AOP01.Core
{
    public abstract class BaseViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        public void RaisePropertyChanged(string propertyName)
        {
            var handler = PropertyChanged;

            if (handler != null)
                handler(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
        }
    }
}

using System;
using Castle.DynamicProxy;

namespace AOP01.Core
{
    public class NotifyPropertyInterceptor : IInterceptor
    {
        public void Intercept(IInvocation invocation)
        {
            // متد ست، ابتدا فراخوانی می‌شود و سپس کار اطلاع رسانی را انجام خواهیم داد
            invocation.Proceed();

            if (invocation.Method.Name.StartsWith("set_"))
            {
                var propertyName = invocation.Method.Name.Substring(4);
                raisePropertyChangedEvent(invocation, propertyName, invocation.TargetType);
            }
        }

        void raisePropertyChangedEvent(IInvocation invocation, string propertyName, Type type)
        {
            var methodInfo = type.GetMethod("RaisePropertyChanged");
            if (methodInfo == null)
            {
                if (type.BaseType != null)
                    raisePropertyChangedEvent(invocation, propertyName, type.BaseType);
            }
            else
            {
                methodInfo.Invoke(invocation.InvocationTarget, new object[] { propertyName });
            }
        }
    }
}

using System.Linq;
using System.Windows;
using AOP01.Core;
using AOP01.Services;
using Castle.DynamicProxy;
using StructureMap;

namespace AOP01
{
    public partial class App
    {
        protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
        {
            base.OnStartup(e);

            ObjectFactory.Initialize(x =>
            {
                x.For<ITestService>().Use<TestService>();

                var dynamicProxy = new ProxyGenerator();
                x.For<BaseViewModel>().EnrichAllWith(vm =>
                {
                    var constructorArgs = vm.GetType()
                            .GetConstructors()
                            .FirstOrDefault()
                            .GetParameters()
                            .Select(p => ObjectFactory.GetInstance(p.ParameterType))
                            .ToArray();

                    return dynamicProxy.CreateClassProxy(
                                classToProxy: vm.GetType(),
                                constructorArguments: constructorArgs,
                                interceptors: new[] { new NotifyPropertyInterceptor() });
                });
            });
        }
    }
}

<Window x:Class="AOP01.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
    <Grid>
        <TextBox Text="{Binding Text, Mode=TwoWay, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" />
    </Grid>
</Window>

using AOP01.ViewModels;
using StructureMap;

namespace AOP01
{
    public partial class MainWindow
    {
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            //علاوه بر تشکیل پروکسی
            //کار وهله سازی و تزریق وابستگی‌ها در سازنده را هم به صورت خودکار انجام می‌دهد
            var vm = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<TestViewModel>(); 
            this.DataContext = vm;
        }
    }
}

• password
• email
• url
• tel
• number
• range
• time 

<link href="js/inputs-ext/wysihtml5/bootstrap-wysihtml5-0.0.2/bootstrap-wysihtml5-0.0.2.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"></link>  
<script src="js/inputs-ext/wysihtml5/bootstrap-wysihtml5-0.0.2/wysihtml5-0.3.0.min.js"></script>  
<script src="js/inputs-ext/wysihtml5/bootstrap-wysihtml5-0.0.2/bootstrap-wysihtml5-0.0.2.min.js"></script>

<script src="js/inputs-ext/wysihtml5/wysihtml5.js"></script>

['text1', 'text2', 'text3' ...]

//or

[{value: 1, text: "text1"}, {value: 2, text: "text2"}, ...]

<link href="select2/select2.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"></link>  
<script src="select2/select2.js"></script>

<link href="select2-bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"></link>

    <button type="submit">ok</button>
    <button type="button">cancel</button>

<div></div>

$('#favsite').editable('option', 'disabled', false);

div.k-treeview{
border-width: 0px;
background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px center;
overflow: auto;
white-space: nowrap;
}

overflow: auto;

  .popover-title {
        text-align: right;
    }