public class MyBaseController : Controller
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// from http://forums.asp.net/t/1776480.aspx/1?ExecuteCore+in+base+class+not+fired+in+MVC+4+beta
        /// </summary>
        protected override bool DisableAsyncSupport
        { 
            get { return true; } 
        }

        protected override void ExecuteCore()
        {
            base.ExecuteCore();
        }
    }

interface ILogger
{
    void Log(string message);
}

class ConsoleLogger : ILogger
{
    public void Log(string message)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(message);
    }
}

interface ILogger
{
    void Log(string message);
    void Log(Exception exception) => Console.WriteLine(exception);
}

    interface IDeveloper
    {
        void LearnNewLanguage(string language, DateTime dueDate);

        void LearnNewLanguage(string language)
        {
            // default implementation
            LearnNewLanguage(language, DateTime.Now.AddMonths(6));
        }
    }

    class BackendDev : IDeveloper // compiles OK
    {
        public void LearnNewLanguage(string language, DateTime dueDate)
        {
            // Learning new language...
        }
    }

IDeveloper dev1 = new BackendDev();
dev1.LearnNewLanguage("Rust");

var dev2 = new BackendDev();
dev2.LearnNewLanguage("Rust");
 

 There is no argument given that corresponds to the required formal parameter 'dueDate' of 'BackendDev.LearnNewLanguage(string, DateTime)' (CS7036) [ConsoleApp]

using System;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    public interface IDev
    {
        void LearnNewLanguage(string language) => Console.Write($"Learning {language} in a default way.");
    }

    public interface IBackendDev : IDev
    {
        void LearnNewLanguage(string language) => Console.Write($"Learning {language} in a backend way.");
    }

    public interface IFrontendDev : IDev
    {
        void LearnNewLanguage(string language) => Console.Write($"Learning {language} in a frontend way.");
    }

    public interface IFullStackDev : IBackendDev, IFrontendDev { }

    public class Dev : IFullStackDev { }
}

IFullStackDev dev = new Dev();
dev.LearnNewLanguage("TypeScript");

The call is ambiguous between the following methods or properties: 'IBackendDev.LearnNewLanguage(string)' and 'IFrontendDev.LearnNewLanguage(string)' (CS0121)

namespace MyNamespace
{
    public interface IMyInterface
    {
        IList<int> Values { get; set; }
    }

    public static class MyInterfaceExtensions
    {
        public static int CountGreaterThan(this IMyInterface myInterface, int threshold)
        {
            return myInterface.Values?.Where(p => p > threshold).Count() ?? 0;
        }
    }
}

var myImplementation = new MyInterfaceImplementation();
// Note that there's no typecast to IMyInterface required
var countGreaterThanFive = myImplementation.CountGreaterThan(5);

  fetchProducts(categoryId?: number) {
    console.log(categoryId);

    this.products = [];

    if (categoryId === undefined || categoryId.toString() === "undefined") {
      return;
    }

> npm install ng2-toasty --save

 npm ERR! Error: EPERM: operation not permitted, rename

"styles": [
    "../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css",
    "../node_modules/ng2-toasty/bundles/style-bootstrap.css",
    "styles.css"
],

import { ToastyModule } from "ng2-toasty";

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    ToastyModule.forRoot(),

 <ng2-toasty [position]="'top-right'"></ng2-toasty>

import { ToastyService, ToastOptions } from "ng2-toasty";

export class ProductGroupComponent implements OnInit {

  constructor(
    private productItemsService: ProductItemsService,
    private toastyService: ToastyService) { }

  fetchProducts(categoryId?: number) {
    console.log(categoryId);

    this.products = [];

    if (categoryId === undefined || categoryId.toString() === "undefined") {
      this.toastyService.error(<ToastOptions>{
        title: "Error!",
        msg: "Please select a category.",
        theme: "bootstrap",
        showClose: true,
        timeout: 5000
      });
      return;
    }

    this.productItemsService.getCategories().subscribe(
      data => {
        this.categories = data;
      },
      err => console.log("get error: ", err)
    );

> ng g cl app.error-handler

 installing class
  create src\app\app.error-handler.ts

import { ErrorHandler } from "@angular/core";

export class AppErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {

  handleError(error: any): void {
    console.log("Error:", error);
  }
}

import { NgModule, ErrorHandler } from "@angular/core";
import { AppErrorHandler } from "./app.error-handler";

@NgModule({
  providers: [
    { provide: ErrorHandler, useClass: AppErrorHandler }
  ]

[HttpGet("[action]/{categoryId:int}")]
public async Task<IActionResult> GetProducts(int categoryId)
{
   throw new Exception();

    this.productItemsService.getProducts(categoryId).subscribe(
      data => {
        this.products = data;
        this.isLoadingProducts = false;
      }// ,
      // err => {
      //   console.log("get error: ", err);
      //   this.isLoadingProducts = false;
      // }
    );

import { ToastyService, ToastOptions } from "ng2-toasty";
import { ErrorHandler } from "@angular/core";

export class AppErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {

  constructor(private toastyService: ToastyService) {
  }

  handleError(error: any): void {
    // console.log("Error:", error);
    this.toastyService.error(<ToastOptions>{
      title: "Error!",
      msg: "Fatal error!",
      theme: "bootstrap",
      showClose: true,
      timeout: 5000
    });
  }
}

 Uncaught Error: Can't resolve all parameters for AppErrorHandler: (?).

import { ErrorHandler, Inject } from "@angular/core";

export class AppErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {

  constructor(
    @Inject(ToastyService) private toastyService: ToastyService
  ) {
  }

import { ToastyService, ToastOptions } from "ng2-toasty";
import { ErrorHandler, Inject, NgZone } from "@angular/core";
import { LocationStrategy, PathLocationStrategy } from "@angular/common";

export class AppErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {

  constructor(
    @Inject(NgZone) private ngZone: NgZone,
    @Inject(ToastyService) private toastyService: ToastyService,
    @Inject(LocationStrategy) private locationProvider: LocationStrategy
  ) {
  }

  handleError(error: any): void {
    // console.log("Error:", error);

    const url = this.locationProvider instanceof PathLocationStrategy ? this.locationProvider.path() : "";
    const message = error.message ? error.message : error.toString();
    this.ngZone.run(() => {
      this.toastyService.error(<ToastOptions>{
        title: "Error!",
        msg: `URL:${url} \n ERROR:${message}`,
        theme: "bootstrap",
        showClose: true,
        timeout: 5000
      });
    });

    // IMPORTANT: Rethrow the error otherwise it gets swallowed
    // throw error;
  }
}

>npm install
>ng build --watch

>dotnet restore
>dotnet watch run

public class MyConfiguration : DbConfiguration 
{ 
    public MyConfiguration() 
    { 
        SetExecutionStrategy("System.Data.SqlClient", () => new SqlAzureExecutionStrategy()); 
    } 
}

    public class SqlServerExecutionStrategy : DbExecutionStrategy
    {
        public SqlServerExecutionStrategy()
        { }

        public SqlServerExecutionStrategy(int maxRetryCount, TimeSpan maxDelay)
            : base(maxRetryCount, maxDelay)
        { }

        protected override bool ShouldRetryOn(Exception ex)
        {
            var sqlException = ex as SqlException;
            if (sqlException == null)
                return false; // don't retry

            foreach (var error in sqlException.Errors.Cast<SqlError>())
            {
                switch (error.Number)
                {
                    case 1205: // Deadlock
                    case -1: // Timeout
                    case -2: // Timeout
                        return true; // retry
                }
            }

            return false;
        }
    }

   protected override TimeSpan? GetNextDelay(Exception lastException)
  {
        return base.GetNextDelay(lastException);
  }

    public class MyDbConfiguration : DbConfiguration
    {
        public MyDbConfiguration()
        {
            SetExecutionStrategy("System.Data.SqlClient", () => new SqlServerExecutionStrategy());
        }
    }

 >ng g m CustomValidators -m app.module --routing

 >ng g c CustomValidators/user-register

 >ng g cl CustomValidators/user

export class User {
  constructor(
    public username: string = "",
    public email: string = "", 
    public password: string = "", 
    public confirmPassword: string = "" 
  ) {}
}

 >ng g d CustomValidators/EmailValidator -m custom-validators.module

import { Directive } from "@angular/core";
import { AbstractControl, NG_VALIDATORS, Validator } from "@angular/forms";

@Directive({
  selector:
    "[appEmailValidator][formControlName],[appEmailValidator][formControl],[appEmailValidator][ngModel]",
  providers: [
    {
      provide: NG_VALIDATORS,
      useExisting: EmailValidatorDirective,
      multi: true
    }
  ]
})
export class EmailValidatorDirective implements Validator {
  validate(element: AbstractControl): { [key: string]: any } {
    const emailRegex = /\w+([-+.']\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*/;
    const valid = emailRegex.test(element.value);
    return valid ? null : { appEmailValidator: true };
  }
}

<input #email="ngModel" required appEmailValidator type="text" class="form-control" 
name="email" [(ngModel)]="model.email">

selector:
"[appEmailValidator][formControlName],[appEmailValidator][formControl],[appEmailValidator][ngModel]",

"apps": [
{
   // ...
   "prefix": "app",

 selector: "[appEmailValidator]"

  providers: [
    {
      provide: NG_VALIDATORS,
      useExisting: EmailValidatorDirective,
      multi: true
    }

 export class EmailValidatorDirective implements Validator {

 validate(element: AbstractControl): { [key: string]: any }

validate(element: AbstractControl): { [key: string]: any } {
  const emailRegex = /\w+([-+.']\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*/;
  const valid = emailRegex.test(element.value);
  return valid ? null : { appEmailValidator: true };
}

<input #email="ngModel" required appEmailValidator type="text" class="form-control"
name="email" [(ngModel)]="model.email">

 { required:true }

{ minlength : {
     requiredLength : 3,
     actualLength : 1
   }
}

 { appEmailValidator: true }

<div class="alert alert-danger"  *ngIf="email.errors.appEmailValidator">
The entered email is not valid.
</div>

public password: string = "",
public confirmPassword: string = ""

 >ng g d CustomValidators/EqualValidator -m custom-validators.module

import { Directive, Attribute } from "@angular/core";
import { Validator, AbstractControl, NG_VALIDATORS } from "@angular/forms";

@Directive({
  selector:
    "[appValidateEqual][formControlName],[appValidateEqual][formControl],[appValidateEqual][ngModel]",
  providers: [
    {
      provide: NG_VALIDATORS,
      useExisting: EqualValidatorDirective,
      multi: true
    }
  ]
})
export class EqualValidatorDirective implements Validator {
  constructor(@Attribute("compare-to") public compareToControl: string) {}

  validate(element: AbstractControl): { [key: string]: any } {
    const selfValue = element.value;
    const otherControl = element.root.get(this.compareToControl);

    console.log("EqualValidatorDirective", {
       thisControlValue: selfValue,
       otherControlValue: otherControl ? otherControl.value : null
    });

    if (otherControl && selfValue !== otherControl.value) {
      return {
        appValidateEqual: true // Or a string such as 'Password mismatch.' or an abject.
      };
    }

    if (
      otherControl &&
      otherControl.errors &&
      selfValue === otherControl.value
    ) {
      delete otherControl.errors["appValidateEqual"];
      if (!Object.keys(otherControl.errors).length) {
        otherControl.setErrors(null);
      }
    }

    return null;
  }
}

export class EqualValidatorDirective implements Validator {
  constructor(@Attribute("compare-to") public compareToControl: string) {}

<input #password="ngModel" required type="password" class="form-control"
appValidateEqual compare-to="confirmPassword" name="password" [(ngModel)]="model.password">

export class EqualValidatorDirective implements Validator {
  constructor(@Attribute("compare-to") public compareToControl: string) {}

  validate(element: AbstractControl): { [key: string]: any } {
    const selfValue = element.value;
    const otherControl = element.root.get(this.compareToControl);

    console.log("EqualValidatorDirective", {
       thisControlValue: selfValue,
       otherControlValue: otherControl ? otherControl.value : null
    });

    if (otherControl && selfValue !== otherControl.value) {
      return {
        appValidateEqual: true // Or a string such as 'Password mismatch.' or an abject.
      };
    }

    if (otherControl && otherControl.errors && selfValue === otherControl.value) {
      delete otherControl.errors["appValidateEqual"];
      if (!Object.keys(otherControl.errors).length) {
        otherControl.setErrors(null);
      }
    }

    return null;

import { NgForm } from "@angular/forms";
import { User } from "./../user";
import { Component, OnInit } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-user-register",
  templateUrl: "./user-register.component.html",
  styleUrls: ["./user-register.component.css"]
})
export class UserRegisterComponent implements OnInit {
  model = new User();

  constructor() {}

  ngOnInit() {}

  submitForm(form: NgForm) {
    console.log(this.model);
    console.log(form.value);
  }
}

<div class="container">
  <h3>Registration Form</h3>
  <form #form="ngForm" (submit)="submitForm(form)" novalidate>

    <div class="form-group" [class.has-error]="username.invalid && username.touched">
      <label class="control-label">User Name</label>
      <input #username="ngModel" required maxlength="8" minlength="4" type="text"
        class="form-control" name="username" [(ngModel)]="model.username">
      <div *ngIf="username.invalid && username.touched">
        <div class="alert alert-info">
          errors: {{ username.errors | json }}
        </div>
        <div class="alert alert-danger"  *ngIf="username.errors.required">
          username is required.
        </div>
        <div class="alert alert-danger"  *ngIf="username.errors.minlength">
          username should be minimum {{username.errors.minlength.requiredLength}} characters.
        </div>
        <div class="alert alert-danger"  *ngIf="username.errors.maxlength">
          username should be max {{username.errors.maxlength.requiredLength}} characters.
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="form-group" [class.has-error]="email.invalid && email.touched">
      <label class="control-label">Email</label>
      <input #email="ngModel" required appEmailValidator type="text" class="form-control"
        name="email" [(ngModel)]="model.email">
      <div *ngIf="email.invalid && email.touched">
        <div class="alert alert-info">
          errors: {{ email.errors | json }}
        </div>
        <div class="alert alert-danger"  *ngIf="email.errors.required">
          email is required.
        </div>
        <div class="alert alert-danger"  *ngIf="email.errors.appEmailValidator">
          The entered email is not valid.
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="form-group" [class.has-error]="password.invalid && password.touched">
      <label class="control-label">Password</label>
      <input #password="ngModel" required type="password" class="form-control"
        appValidateEqual compare-to="confirmPassword" name="password" [(ngModel)]="model.password">
      <div *ngIf="password.invalid && password.touched">
        <div class="alert alert-info">
          errors: {{ password.errors | json }}
        </div>
        <div class="alert alert-danger"  *ngIf="password.errors.required">
          password is required.
        </div>
        <div class="alert alert-danger"  *ngIf="password.errors.appValidateEqual">
          Password mismatch. Please complete the confirmPassword .
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="form-group" [class.has-error]="confirmPassword.invalid && confirmPassword.touched">
      <label class="control-label">Retype password</label>
      <input #confirmPassword="ngModel" required type="password" class="form-control"
        appValidateEqual compare-to="password" name="confirmPassword" [(ngModel)]="model.confirmPassword">
      <div *ngIf="confirmPassword.invalid && confirmPassword.touched">
        <div class="alert alert-info">
          errors: {{ confirmPassword.errors | json }}
        </div>
        <div class="alert alert-danger"  *ngIf="confirmPassword.errors.required">
          confirmPassword is required.
        </div>
        <div class="alert alert-danger"  *ngIf="confirmPassword.errors.appValidateEqual">
          Password mismatch.
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <button class="btn btn-primary" [disabled]="form.invalid" type="submit">Ok</button>
  </form>
</div>

>npm install
>ng build --watch

>dotnet restore
>dotnet watch run

@using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting

@inject Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.IWebHostEnvironment env

@if (isDevelopment)
{
    @ChildContent
}

@code {
    [Parameter] public RenderFragment ChildContent { get; set; }

    bool isDevelopment = false;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        isDevelopment = env.IsDevelopment();
    }
}

<DevOnly>
    <p>Show some debugging info here!</p>
</DevOnly>

window.JsFunctionHelper = {
  blazorSetTitle: function (title) {
    document.title = title;
  }
};

@page "/counter"

<PageTitle Title="@GetPageTitle()" />

<h1>Counter</h1>

<p>Current count: @currentCount</p>

<button class="btn btn-primary" @onclick="IncrementCount">Click me</button>

@code {
    private int currentCount = 0;

    private void IncrementCount()
    {
        currentCount++;
    }

    private string GetPageTitle() => $"Counter ({currentCount})";
}

<Title Value="@title" />
<Meta name="description" content="Modifying the head from a Blazor component." />
<Link href="main.css" rel="stylesheet" />