//Person.cs
namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   class Person
   {
       public string Name { get; set; }
   }
}

//Car.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   class Car
   {
       List<Person> _passengers = new List<Person>();

       public void AddPassenger(Person p)
       {
           _passengers.Add(p);
           Console.WriteLine("{0} added!", p.Name);
       }

       public void Drive()
       {
           foreach (var passenger in _passengers)
               Console.WriteLine("Driving {0} ...!", passenger.Name);
       }
   }
}

//Driver.cs
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   class Driver
   {
       private Car _myCar = new Car();

       public void DriveToMarket(IList<Person> passengers)
       {
           foreach (var passenger in passengers)
               _myCar.AddPassenger(passenger);

           _myCar.Drive();
       }
   }
}

//Program.cs
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System;

namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   class Program
   {
       static void Main(string[] args)
       {
           new Driver().DriveToMarket(
               new List<Person>
               {
                   new Person{ Name="Ali" },
                   new Person{ Name="Vahid" }
               });

           Console.WriteLine("Press a key ...");
           Console.ReadKey();
       }
   }
}

//ICar.cs
using System;

namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   interface ICar
   {
       void AddPassenger(Person p);
       void Drive();
   }
}

//Car.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   class Car : ICar
   {
       //همانند قسمت قبل
   }
}

//Van.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   class Van : ICar
   {
       List<Person> _passengers = new List<Person>();

       public void AddPassenger(Person p)
       {
           _passengers.Add(p);
           Console.WriteLine("{0} added!", p.Name);
       }

       public void Drive()
       {
           foreach (var passenger in _passengers)
               Console.WriteLine("Driving {0} ...!", passenger.Name);
       }
   }
}

//Driver.cs
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   class Driver
   {
       private ICar _myCar;

       public Driver(ICar myCar)
       {
           _myCar = myCar;
       }

       public void DriveToMarket(IList<Person> passengers)
       {
           foreach (var passenger in passengers)
               _myCar.AddPassenger(passenger);

           _myCar.Drive();
       }
   }
}

//Program.cs
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System;

namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   class Program
   {
       static void Main(string[] args)
       {
           Driver driver = new Driver(new Van());
           driver.DriveToMarket(
               new List<Person>
               {
                   new Person{ Name="Ali" },
                   new Person{ Name="Vahid" }
               });

           Console.WriteLine("Press a key ...");
           Console.ReadKey();
       }
   }
}

Int temp;
Int a=1;
temp=a;
a=2;
.
.
a=temp;

int main()
{
  MyClass One = new MyClass();
  MyClass Temp = new MyClass();
  // Set an initial value.
  One.Value = 10;
  One.Name = "Ten";
  // Save the state of the value.
  Temp.Value = One.Value;
  Temp.Name = One.Name;
  // Change the value.
  One.Value = 99;
  One.Name = "Ninety Nine";
  // Undo and restore the state.
  One.Value = Temp.Value;
  One.Name = Temp.Name;
}

dotnet new console

abstract class MementoBase
{
  protected Guid mementoKey = Guid.NewGuid();
  abstract public void SaveMemento(Memento memento);
  abstract public void RestoreMemento(Memento memento);
}

class Memento
{
    private Dictionary<Guid, object> stateList = new Dictionary<Guid, object>();
    public object GetState(Guid key)
    {
        return stateList[key];
    }
    public void SetState(Guid key, object newState)
    {
        stateList[key] = newState;
    }
    public Memento()
    {
    }
}

class ConcreteOriginator : MementoBase
{
  private int value = 0;
  public ConcreteOriginator(int newValue)
  {
    SetData(newValue);
  }
  public void SetData(int newValue)
  {
    value = newValue;
  }
  public void Speak()
  {
    Console.WriteLine("My value is " + value.ToString());
  }
  public override void SaveMemento(Memento memento)
  {
    memento.SetState(mementoKey, value);
  }
  public override void RestoreMemento(Memento memento)
  {
    int restoredValue = (int)memento.GetState(mementoKey);
    SetData(restoredValue);
  }
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
  Memento memento = new Memento();
  // Create an originator, which will hold our state data.
  ConcreteOriginator myOriginator = new ConcreteOriginator("Hello World!", StateType.ONE);
  ConcreteOriginator anotherOriginator = new ConcreteOriginator("Hola!", StateType.ONE);
  ConcreteOriginator2 thirdOriginator = new ConcreteOriginator2(7);
  // Set some state data.
  myOriginator.Speak();
  anotherOriginator.Speak();
  thirdOriginator.Speak();
  // Save the states into our memento.
  myOriginator.SaveMemento(memento);
  anotherOriginator.SaveMemento(memento);
  thirdOriginator.SaveMemento(memento);
  // Now change our originators' states.
  myOriginator.SetData("Goodbye!", StateType.TWO);
  anotherOriginator.SetData("Adios!", StateType.TWO);
  thirdOriginator.SetData(99);
  myOriginator.Speak();
  anotherOriginator.Speak();
  thirdOriginator.Speak();
  // Restore our originator's state.
  myOriginator.RestoreMemento(memento);
  anotherOriginator.RestoreMemento(memento);
  thirdOriginator.RestoreMemento(memento);
  myOriginator.Speak();
  anotherOriginator.Speak();
  thirdOriginator.Speak();
  Console.ReadKey();
}

Hello World! I'm in state ONE
Hola! I'm in state ONE
My value is 7
Goodbye! I'm in state TWO
Adios! I'm in state TWO
My value is 99
Hello World! I'm in state ONE
Hola! I'm in state ONE
My value is 7

Issues Fixed in this Release

class Visitor {
    visit(item){}
}

class BookVisitor extends Visitor {
    visit(book) {
        var cost=0; 
        if(book.getPrice() > 50) 
        { 
            cost = book.getPrice()*0.50 
        } 
        else{
            cost = book.getPrice()
        }     
        console.log("Book name: "+ book.getName() + "\n" + "ID: " + book.getID() + "\n" + "cost: "+ cost); 
        return cost; 
    }
}

class Book{
    constructor(id,name,price){
        this.id = id
        this.name = name
        this.price = price
    }
    getPrice(){
        return this.price
    }
    getName(){
        return this.name
    }
    getID(){
        return this.id
    }
    accept(visitor){
        return visitor.visit(this)
    }
}

var visitor = new BookVisitor()
var book1 = new Book("#1234","lordOftheRings",80)
book1.accept(visitor)

class Book{
    constructor(id,name,price){
        this.id = id
        this.name = name
        this.price = price
    }
    //code...
}

getPrice(){
    return this.price
}

getName(){
    return this.name
}

getID(){
    return this.id
}

accept(visitor){
    return visitor.visit(this)
}

1. زمانیکه نیاز است عملیاتی مشابه، بر روی شیء‌های متفاوتی از یک data structure  انجام شود. 
   
2. زمانیکه نیاز است عملیاتی خاص، بر روی شیء‌های متفاوتی از data structure انجام شود. 
   
3. زمانیکه می‌خواهید توسعه پذیری را برای کتابخانه‌ها (libraries) یا فریم ورک‌ها (frameworks) اضافه کنید.