<connectionStrings>
 <add name="IdentityDb" 
      providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"
      connectionString="Data Source=(localdb)\v11.0;Initial Catalog=IdentityDb;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=15;Encrypt=False;TrustServerCertificate=False;MultipleActiveResultSets=True"/>
 </connectionStrings>

namespace NHSample1.Domain
{
   public class Product
   {
       public int Id { get; set; }
       public string Name { get; set; }
       public decimal UnitPrice { get; set; }
       public bool Discontinued { get; set; }
   }
}

using FluentNHibernate.Mapping;
using NHSample1.Domain;

namespace NHSample1.Mappings
{
   public class ProductMapping : ClassMap<Product>
   {
       public ProductMapping()
       {
           Not.LazyLoad();
           Id(p => p.Id).GeneratedBy.HiLo("1000");
           Map(p => p.Name).Length(50).Not.Nullable();
           Map(p => p.UnitPrice).Not.Nullable();
           Map(p => p.Discontinued).Not.Nullable();
       }
   }
}

using NUnit.Framework;
using FluentNHibernate.Testing;
using NHSample1.Domain;

namespace UnitTests
{
   [TestFixture]
   public class ProductMapping_Fixture : FixtureBase
   {
       [Test]
       public void can_correctly_map_product()
       {
           new PersistenceSpecification<Product>(Session)
                   .CheckProperty(p => p.Id, 1001)
                   .CheckProperty(p => p.Name, "Apples")
                   .CheckProperty(p => p.UnitPrice, 10.45m)
                   .CheckProperty(p => p.Discontinued, true)
                   .VerifyTheMappings();
       }
   }
}

ProductMapping_Fixture.can_correctly_map_product : Passed
NHibernate: select next_hi from hibernate_unique_key
NHibernate: update hibernate_unique_key set next_hi = @p0 where next_hi = @p1;@p0 = 2, @p1 = 1
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "Product" (Name, UnitPrice, Discontinued, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3);@p0 = 'Apples', @p1 = 10.45, @p2 = True, @p3 = 1001
NHibernate: SELECT product0_.Id as Id1_0_, product0_.Name as Name1_0_, product0_.UnitPrice as UnitPrice1_0_, product0_.Discontinued as Disconti4_1_0_ FROM "Product" product0_ WHERE product0_.Id=@p0;@p0 = 1001

using System;
namespace NHSample1.Domain
{
   public class Employee
   {
       public int Id { set; get; }
       public string LastName { get; set; }
       public string FirstName { get; set; }
   }
}

using NHSample1.Domain;
using FluentNHibernate.Mapping;

namespace NHSample1.Mappings
{
   public class EmployeeMapping : ClassMap<Employee>
   {
       public EmployeeMapping()
       {
           Not.LazyLoad();
           Id(e => e.Id).GeneratedBy.Assigned();
           Map(e => e.LastName).Length(50);
           Map(e => e.FirstName).Length(50);
       }
   }
}

using NUnit.Framework;
using NHSample1.Domain;
using FluentNHibernate.Testing;

namespace UnitTests
{
   [TestFixture]
   public class EmployeeMapping_Fixture : FixtureBase
   {
       [Test]
       public void can_correctly_map_employee()
       {
           new PersistenceSpecification<Employee>(Session)
                   .CheckProperty(p => p.Id, 1001)
                   .CheckProperty(p => p.FirstName, "name1")
                   .CheckProperty(p => p.LastName, "lname1")
                   .VerifyTheMappings();
       }
   }
}

NHibernate: select next_hi from hibernate_unique_key
NHibernate: update hibernate_unique_key set next_hi = @p0 where next_hi = @p1;@p0 = 2, @p1 = 1
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "Employee" (LastName, FirstName, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2);@p0 = 'lname1', @p1 = 'name1', @p2 = 1001
NHibernate: SELECT employee0_.Id as Id4_0_, employee0_.LastName as LastName4_0_, employee0_.FirstName as FirstName4_0_ FROM "Employee" employee0_ WHERE employee0_.Id=@p0;@p0 = 1001

namespace NHSample1.Domain
{
   public class OrderItem
   {
       public int Id { get; set; }
       public int Quantity { get; set; }
       public Product Product { get; set; }
   }
}

using FluentNHibernate.Mapping;
using NHSample1.Domain;

namespace NHSample1.Mappings
{
   public class OrderItemMapping : ClassMap<OrderItem>
   {
       public OrderItemMapping()
       {
           Not.LazyLoad();
           Id(oi => oi.Id).GeneratedBy.Assigned();
           Map(oi => oi.Quantity).Not.Nullable();
           References(oi => oi.Product).Not.Nullable();
       }
   }
}

using NUnit.Framework;
using NHSample1.Domain;
using FluentNHibernate.Testing;

namespace UnitTests
{
   [TestFixture]
   public class OrderItemMapping_Fixture : FixtureBase
   {
       [Test]
       public void can_correctly_map_order_item()
       {
           var product = new Product
           {
               Name = "Apples",
               UnitPrice = 4.5m,
               Discontinued = true
           };

           new PersistenceSpecification<OrderItem>(Session)
                       .CheckProperty(p => p.Id, 1)
                       .CheckProperty(p => p.Quantity, 5)
                       .CheckReference(p => p.Product, product)
                       .VerifyTheMappings();
       }
   }
}

using System.Collections;
using NHSample1.Domain;

namespace UnitTests
{
   public class CustomEqualityComparer : IEqualityComparer
   {
       public bool Equals(object x, object y)
       {
           if (ReferenceEquals(x, y)) return true;
           if (x == null || y == null) return false;

           if (x is Product && y is Product)
               return (x as Product).Id == (y as Product).Id;

           if (x is Customer && y is Customer)
               return (x as Customer).Id == (y as Customer).Id;

           if (x is Employee && y is Employee)
               return (x as Employee).Id == (y as Employee).Id;

           if (x is OrderItem && y is OrderItem)
               return (x as OrderItem).Id == (y as OrderItem).Id;
          

           return x.Equals(y);
       }

       public int GetHashCode(object obj)
       {
           //شاید وقتی دیگر
           return obj.GetHashCode();
       }
   }
}

new PersistenceSpecification<OrderItem>(Session, new CustomEqualityComparer())

NHibernate: select next_hi from hibernate_unique_key
NHibernate: update hibernate_unique_key set next_hi = @p0 where next_hi = @p1;@p0 = 2, @p1 = 1
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "Product" (Name, UnitPrice, Discontinued, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3);@p0 = 'Apples', @p1 = 4.5, @p2 = True, @p3 = 1001
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "OrderItem" (Quantity, Product_id, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2);@p0 = 5, @p1 = 1001, @p2 = 1
NHibernate: SELECT orderitem0_.Id as Id0_1_, orderitem0_.Quantity as Quantity0_1_, orderitem0_.Product_id as Product3_0_1_, product1_.Id as Id3_0_, product1_.Name as Name3_0_, product1_.UnitPrice as UnitPrice3_0_, product1_.Discontinued as Disconti4_3_0_ FROM "OrderItem" orderitem0_ inner join "Product" product1_ on orderitem0_.Product_id=product1_.Id WHERE orderitem0_.Id=@p0;@p0 = 1

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace NHSample1.Domain
{
   public class Order
   {
       public int Id { set; get; }
       public DateTime OrderDate { get; set; }
       public Employee Employee { get; set; }
       public Customer Customer { get; set; }
       public IList<OrderItem> OrderItems { get; set; }
   }
}

using NHSample1.Domain;
using FluentNHibernate.Mapping;

namespace NHSample1.Mappings
{
   public class OrderMapping : ClassMap<Order>
   {
       public OrderMapping()
       {
           Not.LazyLoad();
           Id(o => o.Id).GeneratedBy.GuidComb();
           Map(o => o.OrderDate).Not.Nullable();
           References(o => o.Employee).Not.Nullable();
           References(o => o.Customer).Not.Nullable();
           HasMany(o => o.OrderItems)
               .AsList(index => index.Column("ListIndex").Type<int>());
       }
   }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using NUnit.Framework;
using NHSample1.Domain;
using FluentNHibernate.Testing;

namespace UnitTests
{
   [TestFixture]
   public class OrderMapping_Fixture : FixtureBase
   {
       [Test]
       public void can_correctly_map_an_order()
       {
           {
               var product1 =
                   new Product
                   {
                       Name = "Apples",
                       UnitPrice = 4.5m,
                       Discontinued = true
                   };
               var product2 =
                   new Product
                   {
                       Name = "Pears",
                       UnitPrice = 3.5m,
                       Discontinued = false
                   };

               Session.Save(product1);
               Session.Save(product2);

               var items = new List<OrderItem>
                               {
                                   new OrderItem
                                   {
                                       Id = 1,
                                       Quantity = 100,
                                       Product = product1
                                   },
                                   new OrderItem
                                   {
                                       Id = 2,
                                       Quantity = 200,
                                       Product = product2
                                   }
                               };

               var customer = new Customer
               {
                   FirstName = "Vahid",
                   LastName = "Nasiri",
                   AddressLine1 = "Addr1",
                   AddressLine2 = "Addr2",
                   PostalCode = "1234",
                   City = "Tehran",
                   CountryCode = "IR"
               };

               var employee =
                   new Employee
                   {
                       FirstName = "name1",
                       LastName = "lname1"
                   };


              
               var order = new Order
               {
                   Customer = customer,
                   Employee = employee,
                   OrderDate = DateTime.Today,
                   OrderItems = items
               };

               new PersistenceSpecification<Order>(Session, new CustomEqualityComparer())
                   .CheckProperty(o => o.OrderDate, order.OrderDate)
                   .CheckReference(o => o.Customer, order.Customer)
                   .CheckReference(o => o.Employee, order.Employee)
                   .CheckList(o => o.OrderItems, order.OrderItems)
                   .VerifyTheMappings();
           }
       }
   }
}

OrderMapping_Fixture.can_correctly_map_an_order : Passed
NHibernate: select next_hi from hibernate_unique_key
NHibernate: update hibernate_unique_key set next_hi = @p0 where next_hi = @p1;@p0 = 2, @p1 = 1
NHibernate: select next_hi from hibernate_unique_key
NHibernate: update hibernate_unique_key set next_hi = @p0 where next_hi = @p1;@p0 = 3, @p1 = 2
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "Product" (Name, UnitPrice, Discontinued, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3);@p0 = 'Apples', @p1 = 4.5, @p2 = True, @p3 = 1001
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "Product" (Name, UnitPrice, Discontinued, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3);@p0 = 'Pears', @p1 = 3.5, @p2 = False, @p3 = 1002
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "Customer" (FirstName, LastName, AddressLine1, AddressLine2, PostalCode, City, CountryCode, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3, @p4, @p5, @p6, @p7);@p0 = 'Vahid', @p1 = 'Nasiri', @p2 = 'Addr1', @p3 = 'Addr2', @p4 = '1234', @p5 = 'Tehran', @p6 = 'IR', @p7 = 2002
NHibernate: select next_hi from hibernate_unique_key
NHibernate: update hibernate_unique_key set next_hi = @p0 where next_hi = @p1;@p0 = 4, @p1 = 3
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "Employee" (LastName, FirstName, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2);@p0 = 'lname1', @p1 = 'name1', @p2 = 3003
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "OrderItem" (Quantity, Product_id, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2);@p0 = 100, @p1 = 1001, @p2 = 1
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "OrderItem" (Quantity, Product_id, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2);@p0 = 200, @p1 = 1002, @p2 = 2
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "Order" (OrderDate, Employee_id, Customer_id, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3);@p0 = 2009/10/10 12:00:00 ق.ظ, @p1 = 3003, @p2 = 2002, @p3 = 0
NHibernate: UPDATE "OrderItem" SET Order_id = @p0, ListIndex = @p1 WHERE Id = @p2;@p0 = 0, @p1 = 0, @p2 = 1
NHibernate: UPDATE "OrderItem" SET Order_id = @p0, ListIndex = @p1 WHERE Id = @p2;@p0 = 0, @p1 = 1, @p2 = 2
NHibernate: SELECT order0_.Id as Id1_2_, order0_.OrderDate as OrderDate1_2_, order0_.Employee_id as Employee3_1_2_, order0_.Customer_id as Customer4_1_2_, employee1_.Id as Id4_0_, employee1_.LastName as LastName4_0_, employee1_.FirstName as FirstName4_0_, customer2_.Id as Id2_1_, customer2_.FirstName as FirstName2_1_, customer2_.LastName as LastName2_1_, customer2_.AddressLine1 as AddressL4_2_1_, customer2_.AddressLine2 as AddressL5_2_1_, customer2_.PostalCode as PostalCode2_1_, customer2_.City as City2_1_, customer2_.CountryCode as CountryC8_2_1_ FROM "Order" order0_ inner join "Employee" employee1_ on order0_.Employee_id=employee1_.Id inner join "Customer" customer2_ on order0_.Customer_id=customer2_.Id WHERE order0_.Id=@p0;@p0 = 0
NHibernate: SELECT orderitems0_.Order_id as Order4_2_, orderitems0_.Id as Id2_, orderitems0_.ListIndex as ListIndex2_, orderitems0_.Id as Id0_1_, orderitems0_.Quantity as Quantity0_1_, orderitems0_.Product_id as Product3_0_1_, product1_.Id as Id3_0_, product1_.Name as Name3_0_, product1_.UnitPrice as UnitPrice3_0_, product1_.Discontinued as Disconti4_3_0_ FROM "OrderItem" orderitems0_ inner join "Product" product1_ on orderitems0_.Product_id=product1_.Id WHERE orderitems0_.Order_id=@p0;@p0 = 0

SessionSource.BuildSchema(Session, true);

    drop table if exists "OrderItem"

    drop table if exists "Order"

    drop table if exists "Customer"

    drop table if exists "Product"

    drop table if exists "Employee"

    drop table if exists hibernate_unique_key

    create table "OrderItem" (
        Id INTEGER not null,
       Quantity INTEGER not null,
       Product_id INTEGER not null,
       Order_id INTEGER,
       ListIndex INTEGER,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table "Order" (
        Id INTEGER not null,
       OrderDate DATETIME not null,
       Employee_id INTEGER not null,
       Customer_id INTEGER not null,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table "Customer" (
        Id INTEGER not null,
       FirstName TEXT not null,
       LastName TEXT not null,
       AddressLine1 TEXT not null,
       AddressLine2 TEXT,
       PostalCode TEXT not null,
       City TEXT not null,
       CountryCode TEXT not null,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table "Product" (
        Id INTEGER not null,
       Name TEXT not null,
       UnitPrice NUMERIC not null,
       Discontinued INTEGER not null,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table "Employee" (
        Id INTEGER not null,
       LastName TEXT,
       FirstName TEXT,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table hibernate_unique_key (
         next_hi INTEGER
    )

           var cfg = Fluently.Configure().Database(
              // SQLiteConfiguration.Standard.ShowSql().InMemory
              MsSqlConfiguration
              .MsSql2008
              .ShowSql()
              .ConnectionString("Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=testdb2009;Integrated Security = true")
               );

    if exists (select 1 from sys.objects where object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[FK3EF88858466CFBF7]') AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID('[OrderItem]'))
alter table [OrderItem]  drop constraint FK3EF88858466CFBF7


    if exists (select 1 from sys.objects where object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[FK3EF888589F32DE52]') AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID('[OrderItem]'))
alter table [OrderItem]  drop constraint FK3EF888589F32DE52


    if exists (select 1 from sys.objects where object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[FK3117099B1EBA72BC]') AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID('[Order]'))
alter table [Order]  drop constraint FK3117099B1EBA72BC


    if exists (select 1 from sys.objects where object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[FK3117099BB2F9593A]') AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID('[Order]'))
alter table [Order]  drop constraint FK3117099BB2F9593A


    if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[OrderItem]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) drop table [OrderItem]

    if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[Order]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) drop table [Order]

    if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[Customer]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) drop table [Customer]

    if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[Product]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) drop table [Product]

    if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[Employee]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) drop table [Employee]

    if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'hibernate_unique_key') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) drop table hibernate_unique_key

    create table [OrderItem] (
        Id INT not null,
       Quantity INT not null,
       Product_id INT not null,
       Order_id INT null,
       ListIndex INT null,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table [Order] (
        Id INT not null,
       OrderDate DATETIME not null,
       Employee_id INT not null,
       Customer_id INT not null,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table [Customer] (
        Id INT not null,
       FirstName NVARCHAR(50) not null,
       LastName NVARCHAR(50) not null,
       AddressLine1 NVARCHAR(50) not null,
       AddressLine2 NVARCHAR(50) null,
       PostalCode NVARCHAR(10) not null,
       City NVARCHAR(50) not null,
       CountryCode NVARCHAR(2) not null,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table [Product] (
        Id INT not null,
       Name NVARCHAR(50) not null,
       UnitPrice DECIMAL(19,5) not null,
       Discontinued BIT not null,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table [Employee] (
        Id INT not null,
       LastName NVARCHAR(50) null,
       FirstName NVARCHAR(50) null,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    alter table [OrderItem]
        add constraint FK3EF88858466CFBF7
        foreign key (Product_id)
        references [Product]

    alter table [OrderItem]
        add constraint FK3EF888589F32DE52
        foreign key (Order_id)
        references [Order]

    alter table [Order]
        add constraint FK3117099B1EBA72BC
        foreign key (Employee_id)
        references [Employee]

    alter table [Order]
        add constraint FK3117099BB2F9593A
        foreign key (Customer_id)
        references [Customer]

    create table hibernate_unique_key (
         next_hi INT
    )

• چرا مسیریابی نشانه ای؟
• فعال سازی مسیریابی نشانه ای
• پارامتر‌های اختیاری URI و مقادیر پیش فرض
• پیشوند مسیر ها
• مسیر پیش فرض
• محدودیت‌های مسیر ها
• محدودیت‌های سفارشی
• نام مسیر ها
• ناحیه‌ها (Areas)

• {productId:int}/{productTitle}

• {username}

• {username}/catalogs/{catalogId:int}/{catalogTitle}

// eg: /users/5
// but not /users/10000000000 because it is larger than int.MaxValue,
// and not /users/0 because of the min(1) constraint.
[Route("users/{id:int:min(1)}")]
public ActionResult GetUserById(int id) { ... }

// eg: /greetings/bye
// and /greetings because of the Optional modifier,
// but not /greetings/see-you-tomorrow because of the maxlength(3) constraint.
[Route("greetings/{message:maxlength(3)?}")]
public ActionResult Greet(string message) { ... }

public class ValuesConstraint : IRouteConstraint
{
    private readonly string[] validOptions;
    public ValuesConstraint(string options)
    {
        validOptions = options.Split('|');
    }
 
    public bool Match(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route, string parameterName, RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection)
    {
        object value;
        if (values.TryGetValue(parameterName, out value) && value != null)
        {
            return validOptions.Contains(value.ToString(), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
        }
        return false;
    }
}

public class RouteConfig
{
    public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
    {
        routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");
 
        var constraintsResolver = new DefaultInlineConstraintResolver();
 
        constraintsResolver.ConstraintMap.Add("values", typeof(ValuesConstraint));
 
        routes.MapMvcAttributeRoutes(constraintsResolver);
    }
}

public class TemperatureController : Controller
{
    // eg: temp/celsius and /temp/fahrenheit but not /temp/kelvin
    [Route("temp/{scale:values(celsius|fahrenheit)}")]
    public ActionResult Show(string scale)
    {
        return Content("scale is " + scale);
    }
}

[Route("menu", Name = "mainmenu")]
public ActionResult MainMenu() { ... }

<a href="@Url.RouteUrl("mainmenu")">Main menu</a>

[RouteArea("Admin")]
[RoutePrefix("menu")]
[Route("{action}")]
public class MenuController : Controller
{
    // eg: /admin/menu/login
    public ActionResult Login() { ... }
 
    // eg: /admin/menu/show-options
    [Route("show-options")]
    public ActionResult Options() { ... }
 
    // eg: /stats
    [Route("~/stats")]
    public ActionResult Stats() { ... }
}

Url.Action("Options", "Menu", new { Area = "Admin" })

[RouteArea("BackOffice", AreaPrefix = "back-office")]

public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
{
    routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");
 
    routes.MapMvcAttributeRoutes();
 
    AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
 
    routes.MapRoute(
        name: "Default",
        url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
        defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
    );
}

using System.IO;
using iTextSharp.text;
using iTextSharp.text.pdf;

namespace iTextSharpTests
{
   class Program
   {
       static void Main(string[] args)
       {
           using (var pdfDoc = new Document(PageSize.A4))
           {
               PdfWriter.GetInstance(pdfDoc, new FileStream("Test.pdf", FileMode.Create));
               pdfDoc.Open();

               var chunk = new Chunk("آزمایش");
               pdfDoc.Add(chunk);
           }
       }
   }
}

using System;
using System.IO;
using iTextSharp.text;
using iTextSharp.text.pdf;

namespace iTextSharpTests
{
   class Program
   {
       static void Main(string[] args)
       {
           using (var pdfDoc = new Document(PageSize.A4))
           {
               PdfWriter.GetInstance(pdfDoc, new FileStream("Test.pdf", FileMode.Create));
               pdfDoc.Open();

               var fontPath = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SystemRoot") + "\\fonts\\tahoma.ttf";
               var baseFont = BaseFont.CreateFont(fontPath, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H, BaseFont.EMBEDDED);
               var tahomaFont = new Font(baseFont, 10, Font.NORMAL, BaseColor.BLACK);

               var chunk = new Chunk("آزمایش",tahomaFont);
               pdfDoc.Add(chunk);
           }
       }
   }
}

using System;
using System.IO;
using iTextSharp.text;
using iTextSharp.text.pdf;

namespace iTextSharpTests
{
   class Program
   {
       static void Main(string[] args)
       {
           using (var pdfDoc = new Document(PageSize.A4))
           {
               var pdfWriter = PdfWriter.GetInstance(pdfDoc, new FileStream("Test.pdf", FileMode.Create));
               pdfDoc.Open();

               var fontPath = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SystemRoot") + "\\fonts\\tahoma.ttf";
               var baseFont = BaseFont.CreateFont(fontPath, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H, BaseFont.EMBEDDED);
               var tahomaFont = new Font(baseFont, 10, Font.NORMAL, BaseColor.BLACK);

               ColumnText ct = new ColumnText(pdfWriter.DirectContent);
               ct.RunDirection = PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL;
               ct.SetSimpleColumn(100, 100, 500, 800, 24, Element.ALIGN_RIGHT);

               var chunk = new Chunk("آزمایش", tahomaFont);

               ct.AddElement(chunk);
               ct.Go();
           }
       }
   }
}

using System;
using System.IO;
using iTextSharp.text;
using iTextSharp.text.pdf;

namespace iTextSharpTests
{
   class Program
   {
       static void Main(string[] args)
       {
           using (var pdfDoc = new Document(PageSize.A4))
           {
               var pdfWriter = PdfWriter.GetInstance(pdfDoc, new FileStream("Test.pdf", FileMode.Create));
               pdfDoc.Open();

               var fontPath = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SystemRoot") + "\\fonts\\tahoma.ttf";
               var baseFont = BaseFont.CreateFont(fontPath, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H, BaseFont.EMBEDDED);
               var tahomaFont = new Font(baseFont, 10, Font.NORMAL, BaseColor.BLACK);

               PdfPTable table = new PdfPTable(numColumns: 1);
               table.RunDirection = PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL;
               table.ExtendLastRow = true;

               PdfPCell pdfCell = new PdfPCell(new Phrase("آزمایش", tahomaFont));
               pdfCell.RunDirection = PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL;

               table.AddCell(pdfCell);
               pdfDoc.Add(table);
           }
       }
   }
}

using System;
using System.IO;
using iTextSharp.text;
using iTextSharp.text.pdf;

namespace iTextSharpTests
{
   public class PageEvents : PdfPageEventHelper
   {
       Font _font;
       public PageEvents()
       {
           var fontPath = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SystemRoot") + "\\fonts\\tahoma.ttf";
           var baseFont = BaseFont.CreateFont(fontPath, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H, BaseFont.EMBEDDED);
           _font = new Font(baseFont, 10, Font.NORMAL, BaseColor.BLACK);
       }

       public override void OnStartPage(PdfWriter writer, Document document)
       {
           base.OnStartPage(writer, document);

           PdfPTable table = new PdfPTable(numColumns: 1);
           table.RunDirection = PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL;

           PdfPCell pdfCell = new PdfPCell(new Phrase("سر صفحه در صفحه:  " + writer.PageNumber, _font));
           pdfCell.RunDirection = PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL;
           pdfCell.HorizontalAlignment = Element.ALIGN_CENTER;           

           table.AddCell(pdfCell);
           document.Add(table);
       }
   }

   class Program
   {
       static void Main(string[] args)
       {
           using (var pdfDoc = new Document(PageSize.A4))
           {
               var pdfWriter = PdfWriter.GetInstance(pdfDoc, new FileStream("Test.pdf", FileMode.Create));
               pdfWriter.PageEvent = new PageEvents();
               pdfDoc.Open();

               var fontPath = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SystemRoot") + "\\fonts\\tahoma.ttf";
               var baseFont = BaseFont.CreateFont(fontPath, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H, BaseFont.EMBEDDED);
               var tahomaFont = new Font(baseFont, 10, Font.NORMAL, BaseColor.BLACK);

               PdfPTable table = new PdfPTable(numColumns: 1);
               table.RunDirection = PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL;
               table.ExtendLastRow = true;              

               PdfPCell pdfCell = new PdfPCell(new Phrase("آزمایش", tahomaFont));
               pdfCell.RunDirection = PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL;                                             
              
               table.AddCell(pdfCell);
               pdfDoc.Add(table);

               pdfDoc.NewPage();
           }
       }
   }
}

public class User
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
}
class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        User user = new User
        {
            Name = "Farhad"
        };
        EditUserName(user);
        Console.WriteLine(user.Name);
        //Print Zamani in  console 
    }
    public static void EditUserName(User userCopy)
    {
        userCopy.Name = "Zamani";
    }
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    User user = new User
    {
        Name = "Farhad"
    };
    EditUserName(user);
    Console.WriteLine(user.Name);
    //Print Zamani in console
}
public static void EditUserName(User userCopy)
{
    userCopy.Name = "Zamani";
    userCopy = null;
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    User user = new User
    {
        Name = "Farhad"
    };
    EditUserName(user);
    Console.WriteLine(user.Name);
    //Print Zamani in console
}
public static void EditUserName(User userCopy)
{
    userCopy.Name = "Zamani";
    userCopy = new User();
    userCopy.Name = "Farhad";
}