public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{    
   services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(ServiceLifetime.Scoped);

    public class TestDBController : Controller
    {
        private readonly ApplicationDbContext _ctx;

        public TestDBController(ApplicationDbContext ctx)
        {
            _ctx = ctx;
        }

        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            var name = _ctx.Persons.First().FirstName;
            return Json(new { firstName = name });
        }
    }

 public class ApplicationDbContext :  IUnitOfWork

public interface IUnitOfWork : IDisposable
{
    DbSet<TEntity> Set<TEntity>() where TEntity : class;
 
    void AddRange<TEntity>(IEnumerable<TEntity> entities) where TEntity : class;
    void RemoveRange<TEntity>(IEnumerable<TEntity> entities) where TEntity : class;
 
    EntityEntry<TEntity> Entry<TEntity>(TEntity entity) where TEntity : class;
    void MarkAsChanged<TEntity>(TEntity entity) where TEntity : class;
 
    void ExecuteSqlCommand(string query);
    void ExecuteSqlCommand(string query, params object[] parameters);
 
    int SaveAllChanges();
    Task<int> SaveAllChangesAsync();
}

 public abstract class DbSet<TEntity> : IQueryable<TEntity>, IEnumerable<TEntity>, IEnumerable, IQueryable, IAsyncEnumerableAccessor<TEntity>, IInfrastructure<IServiceProvider> where TEntity : class

public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext, IUnitOfWork
{
    private readonly IConfigurationRoot _configuration;
 
    public ApplicationDbContext(IConfigurationRoot configuration)
    {
        _configuration = configuration;
    }
 
    //public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options) : base(options)
    //{
    //}
 
    public virtual DbSet<Blog> Blog { get; set; }

 
    protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
    {
        optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(
            _configuration["ConnectionStrings:ApplicationDbContextConnection"]
            , serverDbContextOptionsBuilder =>
             {
                 var minutes = (int)TimeSpan.FromMinutes(3).TotalSeconds;
                 serverDbContextOptionsBuilder.CommandTimeout(minutes);
             }
            );
    }
 
    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
 
        base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
    }
 
    public void AddRange<TEntity>(IEnumerable<TEntity> entities) where TEntity : class
    {
        base.Set<TEntity>().AddRange(entities);
    }
 
    public void RemoveRange<TEntity>(IEnumerable<TEntity> entities) where TEntity : class
    {
        base.Set<TEntity>().RemoveRange(entities);
    }
 
    public void MarkAsChanged<TEntity>(TEntity entity) where TEntity : class
    {
        base.Entry(entity).State = EntityState.Modified; // Or use ---> this.Update(entity);
    }
 
    public void ExecuteSqlCommand(string query)
    {
        base.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(query);
    }
 
    public void ExecuteSqlCommand(string query, params object[] parameters)
    {
        base.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(query, parameters);
    }
 
    public int SaveAllChanges()
    {
        return base.SaveChanges();
    }
 
    public Task<int> SaveAllChangesAsync()
    {
        return base.SaveChangesAsync();
    }
}

 public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext, IUnitOfWork

 public interface IUnitOfWork : IDisposable

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
  services.AddSingleton<IConfigurationRoot>(provider => { return Configuration; });
  services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(ServiceLifetime.Scoped);
  services.AddScoped<IUnitOfWork, ApplicationDbContext>();

{
  "version": "1.0.0-*",
 
    "dependencies": {
        "Core1RtmEmptyTest.DataLayer": "1.0.0-*",
        "Core1RtmEmptyTest.Entities": "1.0.0-*",
        "Core1RtmEmptyTest.ViewModels": "1.0.0-*",
        "Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions": "1.0.0",
        "Microsoft.Extensions.Options": "1.0.0",
        "NETStandard.Library": "1.6.0"
    },
 
  "frameworks": {
    "netstandard1.6": {
      "imports": "dnxcore50"
    }
  }
}

namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.Services
{
    public interface IBlogService
    {
        IReadOnlyList<Blog> GetPagedBlogsAsNoTracking(int pageNumber, int recordsPerPage);
    }
 
    public class BlogService : IBlogService
    {
        private readonly IUnitOfWork _uow;
        private readonly DbSet<Blog> _blogs;
 
        public BlogService(IUnitOfWork uow)
        {
            _uow = uow;
            _blogs = _uow.Set<Blog>();
        }
 
        public IReadOnlyList<Blog> GetPagedBlogsAsNoTracking(int pageNumber, int recordsPerPage)
        {
            var skipRecords = pageNumber * recordsPerPage;
            return _blogs
                        .AsNoTracking()
                        .Skip(skipRecords)
                        .Take(recordsPerPage)
                        .ToList();
        }
    }
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
  services.AddSingleton<IConfigurationRoot>(provider => { return Configuration; });
  services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(ServiceLifetime.Scoped);
  services.AddScoped<IUnitOfWork, ApplicationDbContext>();
  services.AddScoped<IBlogService, BlogService>();

public class TestDBController : Controller
{
    private readonly IBlogService _blogService;
    private readonly IUnitOfWork _uow;
 
    public TestDBController(IBlogService blogService, IUnitOfWork uow)
    {
        _blogService = blogService;
        _uow = uow;
    }

public class Customer : TrackableEntity, IAggregateRoot, IPassivable
{
    public bool IsActive { get; set; }
    public byte[] RowVersion { get; set; }
    //...
    public Party Party { get; set; }
}

public class Personnel : TrackableEntity, IAggregateRoot, IPassivable
{
    public bool IsActive { get; set; }
    public byte[] RowVersion { get; set; }
    //...
    public Party Party { get; set; }
}

_identityVerifier.Initialize();
var isValidIdentity = _identityVerifier.Validate(
     application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address);

_creditScorer.CalculateScore(application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Address);
if (_creditScorer.Score < MinimumCreditScore)
{
    return application.IsAccepted;
}

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface ICreditScorer
    {
        int Score { get; }

        void CalculateScore(string applicantName, string applicantAddress);
    }
}

var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();
mockCreditScorer.Setup(x => x.Score).Returns(110_000);

namespace Loans.Models
{
    public class ScoreResult
    {
        public ScoreValue ScoreValue { get; }
    }

    public class ScoreValue
    {
        public int Score { get; }
    }
}

using Loans.Models;

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface ICreditScorer
    {
        int Score { get; }

        void CalculateScore(string applicantName, string applicantAddress);
        
        ScoreResult ScoreResult { get; }
    }
}

//if (_creditScorer.Score < MinimumCreditScore)
if (_creditScorer.ScoreResult.ScoreValue.Score < MinimumCreditScore)

var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();
mockCreditScorer.Setup(x => x.Score).Returns(110_000);

var mockScoreValue = new Mock<ScoreValue>();
mockScoreValue.Setup(x => x.Score).Returns(110_000);

var mockScoreResult = new Mock<ScoreResult>();
mockScoreResult.Setup(x => x.ScoreValue).Returns(mockScoreValue.Object);

mockCreditScorer.Setup(x => x.ScoreResult).Returns(mockScoreResult.Object);

Test method Loans.Tests.LoanApplicationProcessorShould.Accept threw exception:
System.NotSupportedException: Unsupported expression: x => x.Score
Non-overridable members (here: ScoreValue.get_Score) may not be used in setup / verification expressions.

namespace Loans.Models
{
    public class ScoreResult
    {
        public virtual ScoreValue ScoreValue { get; }
    }

    public class ScoreValue
    {
        public virtual int Score { get; }
    }
}

mockCreditScorer.Setup(x => x.ScoreResult.ScoreValue.Score).Returns(110_000);

var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer> { DefaultValue = DefaultValue.Mock };

using Loans.Models;

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface ICreditScorer
    {
        int Score { get; }

        void CalculateScore(string applicantName, string applicantAddress);
        
        ScoreResult ScoreResult { get; }
        
        int Count { get; set; }
    }
}

_creditScorer.CalculateScore(application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Address);
_creditScorer.Count++;

Assert.AreEqual(1, mockCreditScorer.Object.Count);

mockCreditScorer.SetupProperty(x => x.Count);

mockCreditScorer.SetupProperty(x => x.Count, 10);

mockCreditScorer.SetupAllProperties();

// RandomGenerator.cs
using System;
using System.Security.Cryptography;

namespace PersianCaptchaHandler
{
    public class RandomGenerator
    {
        private static readonly byte[] Randb = new byte[4];
        private static readonly RNGCryptoServiceProvider Rand = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();

        public static int Next()
        {
            Rand.GetBytes(Randb);
            var value = BitConverter.ToInt32(Randb, 0);
            if (value < 0) value = -value;
            return value;
        }
        public static int Next(int max)
        {
            Rand.GetBytes(Randb);
            var value = BitConverter.ToInt32(Randb, 0);
            value = value%(max + 1);
            if (value < 0) value = -value;
            return value;
        }
        public static int Next(int min, int max)
        {
            var value = Next(max - min) + min;
            return value;
        }
    }
}

// NumberToString.cs
namespace PersianCaptchaHandler
{
    public class NumberToString
    {

        #region Fields
        private static readonly string[] Yakan = new[] { "صفر", "یک", "دو", "سه", "چهار", "پنج", "شش", "هفت", "هشت", "نه" };
        private static readonly string[] Dahgan = new[] { "", "", "بیست", "سی", "چهل", "پنجاه", "شصت", "هفتاد", "هشتاد", "نود" };
        private static readonly string[] Dahyek = new [] { "ده", "یازده", "دوازده", "سیزده", "چهارده", "پانزده", "شانزده", "هفده", "هجده", "نوزده" };
        private static readonly string[] Sadgan = new [] { "", "یکصد", "دوصد", "سیصد", "چهارصد", "پانصد", "ششصد", "هفتصد", "هشتصد", "نهصد" };
        private static readonly string[] Basex = new [] { "", "هزار", "میلیون", "میلیارد", "تریلیون" };
        #endregion

        private static string Getnum3(int num3)
        {
            var s = "";
            var d12 = num3 % 100;
            var d3 = num3 / 100;
            if (d3 != 0)
                s = Sadgan[d3] + " و ";
            if ((d12 >= 10) && (d12 <= 19))
            {
                s = s + Dahyek[d12 - 10];
            }
            else
            {
                var d2 = d12 / 10;
                if (d2 != 0)
                    s = s + Dahgan[d2] + " و ";
                var d1 = d12 % 10;
                if (d1 != 0)
                    s = s + Yakan[d1] + " و ";
                s = s.Substring(0, s.Length - 3);
            }
            return s;
        }

        public static string ConvertIntNumberToFarsiAlphabatic(string snum)
        {
            var stotal = "";
            if (snum == "0") return Yakan[0];

            snum = snum.PadLeft(((snum.Length - 1) / 3 + 1) * 3, '0');
            var l = snum.Length / 3 - 1;
            for (var i = 0; i <= l; i++)
            {
                var b = int.Parse(snum.Substring(i * 3, 3));
                if (b != 0)
                    stotal = stotal + Getnum3(b) + " " + Basex[l - i] + " و ";
            }
            stotal = stotal.Substring(0, stotal.Length - 3);
            return stotal;
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;

namespace PersianCaptchaHandler
{
    public class Encryptor
    {
        #region constraints
        private static string Password { get { return "Mehdi"; } }
        private static string Salt { get { return "Payervand"; } }
        #endregion

        public static string Encrypt(string clearText)
        {
            // Turn text to bytes
            var clearBytes = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(clearText);

            var pdb = new PasswordDeriveBytes(Password, Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(Salt));

            var ms = new MemoryStream();
            var alg = Rijndael.Create();

            alg.Key = pdb.GetBytes(32);
            alg.IV = pdb.GetBytes(16);

            var cs = new CryptoStream(ms, alg.CreateEncryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Write);

            cs.Write(clearBytes, 0, clearBytes.Length);
            cs.Close();

            var encryptedData = ms.ToArray();

            return Convert.ToBase64String(encryptedData);
        }
        public static string Decrypt(string cipherText)
        {
            // Convert text to byte
            var cipherBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(cipherText);

            var pdb = new PasswordDeriveBytes(Password, Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(Salt));

            var ms = new MemoryStream();
            var alg = Rijndael.Create();

            alg.Key = pdb.GetBytes(32);
            alg.IV = pdb.GetBytes(16);

            var cs = new CryptoStream(ms, alg.CreateDecryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Write);

            cs.Write(cipherBytes, 0, cipherBytes.Length);
            cs.Close();

            var decryptedData = ms.ToArray();

            return Encoding.Unicode.GetString(decryptedData);
        }
    }
}

// Utils.cs
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

namespace PersianCaptchaHandler
{
    public class Utils
    {
        private static readonly Regex NumberMatch = new Regex(@"^([0-9]*|\d*\.\d{1}?\d*)$", RegexOptions.Compiled);
        public static bool IsNumber(string number2Match)
        {
            return NumberMatch.IsMatch(number2Match);
        }
    }
}

<add verb="GET" path="/captcha/" type="PersianCaptchaHandler.CaptchaHandler, PersianCaptchaHandler, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral"  />

<!-- ASPX -->
<dl>
    <dt>تصویر امنیتی</dt>
    <dd>
        <asp:Image ID="imgCaptchaText" runat="server" AlternateText="CaptchaImage" />
        <asp:HiddenField ID="hfCaptchaText" runat="server" />
        <asp:ImageButton ID="btnRefreshCaptcha" runat="server" ImageUrl="/img/refresh.png"
            OnClick="btnRefreshCaptcha_Click" />
        <br />
        <asp:TextBox ID="txtCaptcha" runat="server" AutoCompleteType="Disabled"></asp:TextBox>
    </dd>
    <dd>
        <asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" runat="server" Text="ثبت" OnClick="btnSubmit_Click" />
    </dd>
</dl>
<asp:Label ID="lblMessage" runat="server"></asp:Label>

        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (!Page.IsPostBack)
                SetCaptcha();
        }

        private void SetCaptcha()
        {
            lblMessage.Text =
            txtCaptcha.Text = string.Empty;

            var newNumber =
                RandomGenerator.Next(100, 999)
                ;

            var farsiAlphabatic = NumberToString.ConvertIntNumberToFarsiAlphabatic(newNumber.ToString());

            hfCaptchaText.Value =
                HttpUtility
                .UrlEncode(
                    Encryptor.Encrypt(
                        farsiAlphabatic
                    )
                );

            txtCaptcha.Text = string.Empty;
            imgCaptchaText.ImageUrl =
                "/captcha/?text=" + hfCaptchaText.Value;
        }

        private string GetCaptcha()
        {
            var farsiAlphabatic = NumberToString.ConvertIntNumberToFarsiAlphabatic(txtCaptcha.Text);

            var encryptedString =
                HttpUtility
                .UrlEncode(
                    Encryptor.Encrypt(
                        farsiAlphabatic
                    )
                );

            return encryptedString;
        }

        private bool ValidateUserInputForLogin()
        {
            if (!Utils.IsNumber(txtCaptcha.Text))
            {
                lblMessage.Text = "تصویر امنیتی را بطور صحیح وارد نکرده اید";
                return false;
            }

            var strGetCaptcha =
                GetCaptcha();

            var strDecodedVAlue =
                hfCaptchaText.Value;

            if (strDecodedVAlue != strGetCaptcha)
            {
                lblMessage.Text = "کلمه امنیتی اشتباه است";
                SetCaptcha();
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }

        protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (!ValidateUserInputForLogin()) return;
            lblMessage.Text = "کلمه امنیتی درست است";
        }

        protected void btnRefreshCaptcha_Click(object sender, ImageClickEventArgs e)
        {
            SetCaptcha();
        }

    <div class="btn-group" data-toggle="buttons-radio">
        <button class="btn" type="button">بلی</button>
        <button class="btn" type="button">خیر</button>
    </div>

using System.ComponentModel;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace Mvc4TwitterBootStrapTest.Models
{
    public class User
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        [DisplayName("نام")]
        [Required(ErrorMessage="لطفا نام را تکمیل کنید")]
        public string Name { set; get; }

        [DisplayName("نام خانوادگی")]
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "لطفا نام خانوادگی را تکمیل کنید")]
        public string LastName { set; get; }

        [DisplayName("فعال است؟")]
        [UIHint("BootstrapBoolean")]
        public bool? IsActive { set; get; }
    }
}

@model bool?
@{  
    var yesIsSelected = Model.HasValue && Model.Value ? "active" : null;
    var noIsSelected = Model.HasValue && !Model.Value ? "active" : null;
    var isIndeterminate = !Model.HasValue ? "active" : null;
    var htmlField = ViewData.TemplateInfo.HtmlFieldPrefix;   
}
@Html.HiddenFor(model => model)
<div class="btn-group" data-toggle="buttons-radio">
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-info @yesIsSelected bool-@htmlField" onclick="$('#@htmlField').val(true);">
        بلی</button>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-info @noIsSelected bool-@htmlField" onclick="$('#@htmlField').val(false);">
        خیر</button>
    @if (ViewData.ModelMetadata.IsNullableValueType)
    {
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-info @isIndeterminate bool-@htmlField" onclick="$('#@htmlField').val('');">
            نامشخص</button> 
    }
</div>

@model bool?
@if (Model.HasValue)
{
    if (Model.Value)
    {
    <span class="label label-success">بلی</span> 
    }
    else
    {
    <span class="label label-important">خیر</span> 
    }
}
else
{ 
    <span class="label label-inverse">نامشخص</span> 
}