<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp3.0</TargetFramework>
    <LangVersion>8.0</LangVersion>
    <NullableContextOptions>enable</NullableContextOptions>
  </PropertyGroup>
</Project>

CS8632: The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a ‘#nullable’ context.
CS8627: A nullable type parameter must be known to be a value-type or non-nullable reference type. Consider adding a ‘class’, ‘struct’ or type constraint.

<PropertyGroup>
  <LangVersion>preview</LangVersion>
  <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
</PropertyGroup>

    public class Person
    {
        public string FirstName { get; set; }

        public string MiddleName { get; set; }

        public string LastName { get; set; }

        public Person(string first, string last) =>
            (FirstName, LastName) = (first, last);

        public Person(string first, string middle, string last) =>
            (FirstName, MiddleName, LastName) = (first, middle, last);

        public override string ToString() => $"{FirstName} {MiddleName} {LastName}";
    }

public string? MiddleName { get; set; }

    public static class NullableReferenceTypes
    {
        //#nullable enable // Toggle to enable

        public static string Exemplify()
        {
            var vahid = new Person("Vahid", "N");
            var length = GetLengthOfMiddleName(vahid);

            return $"{vahid.FirstName}'s middle name has {length} characters in it.";

            static int GetLengthOfMiddleName(Person person)
            {
                string middleName = person.MiddleName;
                return middleName.Length;
            }
        }
    }

var middleName = person.MiddleName;

static int GetLengthOfMiddleName(Person person)
{
   var middleName = person.MiddleName;
   return middleName?.Length ?? 0;
}

public static class NullableReferenceTypes
{
#nullable disable // Toggle to enable

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp3.0</TargetFramework>
    <LangVersion>8.0</LangVersion>
    <NullableContextOptions>enable</NullableContextOptions>
    <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
  </PropertyGroup>
</Project>

<WarningsAsErrors>CS8600;CS8602;CS8603</WarningsAsErrors>

string name = null; // ERROR
string? name = null; // OK!

public class Person
{
    public Address? Address { get; set; };
    public string Country => Address?.Country;   // ERROR! 
}

public class Person
{
    public Address? Address { get; set; };
    public string? Country => Address?.Country;  // OK!
}

var node = this; // Initialize non-nullable variable
while (node != null)
{
   node = null; // ERROR!
}

Node? node = this;   // Initialize nullable variable
while (node != null) {
   node = null; // OK!
}

public class Person
{
   public string Name { get; set; } // ERROR!
}

public class Person
{
   public string? Name { get; set; }
}

public class Person
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public Person(string name) {
        Name = name ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
    }
}
 

public class Person
{
   public string Name { get; set; } = string.Empty;
   // -or-
   public string Name { get; set; } = "";
}

String.Empty
Array.Empty<T>()
Enumerable.Empty<T>()

public class Person
{
   public Address Address { get; set; } = new Address();
}

• سلمان معروفی 

/// <summary>
    /// Represents the lable 
    /// </summary>
    public class Tag
    {
        #region Ctor
        /// <summary>
        /// Create one instance of <see cref="Tag"/>
        /// </summary>
        public Tag()
        {
            Id = SequentialGuidGenerator.NewSequentialGuid();
        }
        #endregion

        #region Properties
        /// <summary>
        /// sets or gets Tag's identifier
        /// </summary>
        public virtual Guid  Id { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// sets or gets Tag's name
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string Name { get; set; }
        #endregion

        #region NavigationProperties
        /// <summary>
        /// sets or gets Tag's posts
        /// </summary>
        public virtual ICollection<BlogPost> BlogPosts { get; set; }
        #endregion
    }

  /// <summary>
    /// Represents the Post's Draft
    /// </summary>
    public  class BlogDraft
    {
        #region Ctor
        /// <summary>
        /// create one instance of <see cref="BlogDraft"/>
        /// </summary>
        public  BlogDraft()
        {
            Id = SequentialGuidGenerator.NewSequentialGuid();
        }
        #endregion

        #region Properties
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets Id of post's draft
        /// </summary>
        public virtual  Guid Id { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets body of post's draft
        /// </summary>
        public virtual  string Body { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or set title of post's draft
        /// </summary>
        public virtual  string Title { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets tags of post's draft that seperated using ','
        /// </summary>
        public virtual  string TagNames { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets value indicating whether this draft is ready to publish
        /// </summary>
        public virtual  bool IsReadyForPublish { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// ges ro sets DateTime that this draft added
        /// </summary>
        public virtual  DateTime CreatedOn { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets information of User-Agent
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string Agent { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets date that this draft publish as ready
        /// </summary>
        public virtual DateTime? ReadyForPublishOn { get; set; }
        #endregion

        #region NavigationProperties
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets Id of user that he is owner of this draft
        /// </summary>
        public virtual  long OwnerId { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets user that he is owner of this draft
        /// </summary>
        public virtual  User Owner { get; set; }
        #endregion
    }

/// <summary>
    /// Section of Rating
    /// </summary>
    public enum RatingSection
    {
        News,
        Announcement,
        ForumTopic,
        BlogComment,
        NewsComment,
        PollComment,
        AnnouncementComment,
        ForumPost,
        ...
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// Represents Rating Record regard by section type for Rating System
    /// </summary>
    public class UserRating
    {
        #region Ctor
        /// <summary>
        /// Create one instance of <see cref="UserRating"/>
        /// </summary>
        public UserRating()
        {
            Id = SequentialGuidGenerator.NewSequentialGuid();
        }
        #endregion

        #region Properties
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets Id of Rating Record
        /// </summary>
        public virtual Guid Id { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets value of rate
        /// </summary>
        public virtual double RatingValue { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets Section's Id 
        /// </summary>
        public virtual long SectionId { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets Section 
        /// </summary>
        public virtual RatingSection Section { get; set; }
        #endregion

        #region Navigation Properties
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets user that rate one section
        /// </summary>
        public virtual User Rater { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets Rater Id that rate one section
        /// </summary>
        public virtual long RaterId { get; set; }

        #endregion
    }

/// <summary>
    /// Represent the rating as ComplexType
    /// </summary>
    [ComplexType]
    public class Rating
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// sets or gets total of rating
        /// </summary>
        public virtual double? TotalRating { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// sets or gets rater's count
        /// </summary>
        public virtual long? RatersCount { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// sets or gets average of rating
        /// </summary>
        public virtual double? AverageRating { get; set; }
    }

/// <summary>
    /// Represents a base class for every content in system
    /// </summary>
    public abstract class BaseContent
    {
        #region Properties

        /// <summary>
        /// get or set identifier of record
        /// </summary>
        public virtual long Id { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets date of publishing content
        /// </summary>
        public virtual DateTime PublishedOn { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets Last Update's Date
        /// </summary>
        public virtual DateTime ModifiedOn { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets the blog pot body
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string Body { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets the content title
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string Title { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets value  indicating Custom Slug
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string SlugUrl { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets meta title for seo
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string MetaTitle { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets meta keywords for seo
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string MetaKeywords { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets meta description of the content
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string MetaDescription { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets 
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string FocusKeyword { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets value indicating whether the content use CanonicalUrl
        /// </summary>
        public virtual bool UseCanonicalUrl { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets CanonicalUrl That the Post Point to it
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string CanonicalUrl { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets value indicating whether the content user no Follow for Seo
        /// </summary>
        public virtual bool UseNoFollow { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets value indicating whether the content user no Index for Seo
        /// </summary>
        public virtual bool UseNoIndex { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets value indicating whether the content in sitemap
        /// </summary>
        public virtual bool IsInSitemap { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets a value indicating whether the content comments are allowed 
        /// </summary>
        public virtual bool AllowComments { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets a value indicating whether the content comments are allowed for anonymouses 
        /// </summary>
        public virtual bool AllowCommentForAnonymous { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets  viewed count by rss
        /// </summary>
        public virtual long ViewCountByRss { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets viewed count 
        /// </summary>
        public virtual long ViewCount { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the total number of  comments
        /// <remarks>The same as if we run Item.Comments.where(a=>a.Status==Status.Approved).Count()
        /// We use this property for performance optimization (no SQL command executed)
        /// </remarks>
        /// </summary>
        public virtual int ApprovedCommentsCount { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the total number of  comments
        /// <remarks>The same as if we run Item.Comments.where(a=>a.Status==Status.UnApproved).Count()
        /// We use this property for performance optimization (no SQL command executed)</remarks></summary>
        public virtual int UnApprovedCommentsCount { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets value  indicating whether the content is logical deleted or hidden
        /// </summary>
        public virtual bool IsDeleted { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets rating complex instance
        /// </summary>
        public virtual Rating Rating { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets value indicating whether the content show with rssFeed
        /// </summary>
        public virtual bool ShowWithRss { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets value indicating maximum days count that users can send comment
        /// </summary>
        public virtual int DaysCountForSupportComment { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets information of User-Agent
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string Agent { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets icon name with size 200*200 px for snippet 
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string SocialSnippetIconName { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets title for snippet
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string SocialSnippetTitle { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets description for snippet
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string SocialSnippetDescription { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets body of content's comment
        /// </summary>
        public virtual byte[] RowVersion { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets name of tags seperated by comma that assosiated with this content fo increase performance
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string TagNames { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets counter for Content's report
        /// </summary>
        public virtual int ReportsCount { get; set; }
        #endregion

        #region NavigationProperties

        /// <summary>
        /// get or set user that create this record
        /// </summary>
        public virtual User Author { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets Id of user that create this record
        /// </summary>
        public virtual long AuthorId { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// get or set  the tags integrated with content
        /// </summary>
        public virtual ICollection<Tag> Tags { get; set; }
        #endregion

    }

 /// <summary>
    /// Represents link for implemention linkback
    /// </summary>
    public class LinkBack
    {

        #region Ctor
        /// <summary>
        /// create one instance of <see cref="LinkBack"/>
        /// </summary>
        public LinkBack()
        {
            CreatedOn = DateTime.Now;
            Id = SequentialGuidGenerator.NewSequentialGuid();
        }
        #endregion

        #region Properties
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets link's Id
        /// </summary>
        public virtual Guid Id { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets text for show Link
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string Title { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets link's address 
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string Url { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or set value indicating whether this link is internal o external
        /// </summary>
        public virtual LinkBackType Type { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets date that this record is added
        /// </summary>
        public virtual DateTime CreatedOn { get; set; }
        #endregion

        #region NavigationProperties
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets Post that associated
        /// </summary>
        public virtual BlogPost Post { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets id of Post that associated
        /// </summary>
        public virtual long PostId { get; set; }
        #endregion
    }


 /// <summary>
    /// represents Type of ReferrerLinks
    /// </summary>
    public enum LinkBackType
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Internal link
        /// </summary>
        Internal,
        /// <summary>
        /// External Link
        /// </summary>
        External
    }

  /// <summary> 
    /// Represents a blog post
    /// </summary>
    public  class BlogPost : BaseContent
    {
        #region Ctor
        /// <summary>
        /// Create one Instance of <see cref="BlogPost"/>
        /// </summary>
        public BlogPost()
        {
            Rating = new Rating();
            PublishedOn = DateTime.Now;
        }
        #endregion

       #region Properties
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets Status of LinkBack Notifications
        /// </summary>
        public virtual LinkBackStatus LinkBackStatus { get; set; }
        #endregion

        #region NavigationProperties

        /// <summary>
        /// get or set  blog post's Reviews
        /// </summary>
        public virtual ICollection<BlogComment> Comments { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// get or set collection of links that reference to this blog post
        /// </summary>
        public virtual ICollection<LinkBack> LinkBacks { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// get or set Collection of Users that Contribute on this post
        /// </summary>
        public virtual ICollection<User> Contributors  { get; set; }
        
        #endregion
    }


  /// <summary>
    /// Represents Status for ReferrerLinks
    /// </summary>
    public enum  LinkBackStatus
    {
        [Display(Name ="غیرفعال")]
        Disable,
        [Display(Name = "فعال")]
        Enable,
        [Display(Name = "لینک‌ها داخلی")]
        JustInternal,
        [Display(Name = "لینک‌ها خارجی")]
        JustExternal
    }

  /// <summary>
    /// Represents a base class for every comment in system 
    /// </summary>

    public abstract class BaseComment
    {
        #region Properties
        /// <summary>
        /// get or set identifier of record
        /// </summary>
        public virtual long Id { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets date of creation 
        /// </summary>
        public virtual DateTime CreatedOn { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets displayName of this comment's Creator if  he/she is Anonymous
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string CreatorDisplayName { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets body of blog post's comment
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string Body { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets body of blog post's comment
        /// </summary>
        public virtual Rating Rating { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets informations of agent
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string UserAgent { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets siteUrl of Creator if he/she is Anonymous
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string SiteUrl { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets Email of Creator if he/she is anonymous
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string Email { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets status of comment
        /// </summary>
        public virtual CommentStatus Status { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets Ip Address of Creator
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string CreatorIp { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets datetime that is modified
        /// </summary>
        public virtual DateTime? ModifiedOn { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets counter for report this comment
        /// </summary>
        public virtual int ReportsCount { get; set; }
        #endregion

        #region NavigationProperties

        /// <summary>
        /// get or set user that create this record
        /// </summary>
        public virtual User Creator { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// get or set Id of user that create this record
        /// </summary>
        public virtual long? CreatorId { get; set; }
        #endregion
    }

public enum CommentStatus
    {
        /* 0 - approved, 1 - pending, 2 - spam, -1 - trash */
        [Display(Name = "تأیید شده")]
        Approved = 0,
        [Display(Name = "در انتظار بررسی")]
        Pending = 1,
        [Display(Name = "جفنگ")]
        Spam = 2,
        [Display(Name = "زباله دان")]
        Trash = -1
    }

/// <summary>
    /// Represents a blog post's comment
    /// </summary>
    public class BlogComment : BaseComment
    {
        #region Ctor
        /// <summary>
        /// Create One Instance for <see cref="BlogComment"/>
        /// </summary>
        public BlogComment()
        {
            Rating = new Rating();
            CreatedOn = DateTime.Now;
        }
        #endregion

        #region NavigationProperties
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets BlogComment's identifier for Replying and impelemention self referencing
        /// </summary>
        public virtual long? ReplyId { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets blog's comment for Replying and impelemention self referencing
        /// </summary>
        public virtual BlogComment Reply { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// get or set collection of blog's comment for Replying and impelemention self referencing
        /// </summary>
        public virtual ICollection<BlogComment> Children { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets post that this comment sent to it
        /// </summary>
        public virtual BlogPost Post { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// gets or sets post'Id that this comment sent to it
        /// </summary>
        public virtual long PostId { get; set; }
        #endregion
    }

• مطالب مرتبط با Defensive Programming 
  
• نکات کار با استثناءها در دات نت
  

متدی تحت عنوان ValidateEmail را تصور کنید. این متد از حیث بازگشت نتیجه به عنوان خروجی می‌تواند به اشکال مختلفی پیاده سازی شود که در ادامه مشاهده می‌کنیم:

متد ValidateEmail با خروجی Boolean

        public bool ValidateEmail(string email)
        {
            var valid = true;
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(email))
            {
                valid = false;
            }

            var isValidFormat = true;//todo: using RegularExpression
            if (!isValidFormat)
            {
                valid = false;
            }

            var isRealDoamin = true;//todo: Code here that confirms whether domain exists.
            if (!isRealDoamin)
            {
                valid = false;
            }

            return valid;
        }

همانطور که در تکه کد زیر مشخص می‌باشد، استفاده کننده از متد بالا، امکان بررسی خروجی آن را در قالب یک شرط خواهد داشت و علاوه بر اینکه پیاده سازی آن ساده می‌باشد، خوانایی کد را نیز بالا می‌برد؛ ولی با این حال نمی‌توان متوجه شد مشکل اصلی آدرس ایمیل ارسالی به عنوان آرگومان، دقیقا چیست.

var email = "email@example.com";
var isValid = ValidateEmail(email);
if(isValid)
{
    //do something
}

متد ValidateEmail با صدور استثناء

        public void ValidateEmail(string email)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(email)) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(email));

            var isValidFormat = true;//todo: using RegularExpression
            if (!isValidFormat) throw new ArgumentException("email is not in a correct format");

            var isRealDoamin = true;//todo: Code here that confirms whether domain exists.
            if (!isRealDoamin) throw new ArgumentException("email does not include a valid domain.")
        }

روش بالا هم جواب می‌دهد ولی بهتر است کلاس Exception سفارشی به عنوان مثال ValidationException برای این قضیه در نظر گرفته شود تا بتوان وهله‌های صادر شده از این نوع را در لایه‌های بالاتر مدیریت کرد.

متد ValidateEmail با چندین خروجی

برای این منظور چندین راه حل پیش رو داریم.

با استفاده از پارامتر out:

        public bool ValidateEmail(string email, out string message)
        {
            var valid = true;
            message = string.Empty;

            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(email))
            {
                valid = false;
                message = "email is null.";
            }

            if (valid)
            {
                var isValidFormat = true;//todo: using RegularExpression
                if (!isValidFormat)
                {
                    valid = false;
                    message = "email is not in a correct format";
                }
            }

            if (valid)
            {
                var isRealDoamin = true;//todo: Code here that confirms whether domain exists.
                if (!isRealDoamin)
                {
                    valid = false;
                    message = "email does not include a valid domain.";
                }
            }

            return valid;
        }

var email = "email@example.com";
var isValid = ValidateEmail(email, out string message);
if (isValid)
{
    //do something
}

Tuple<bool, List<string>> result = Tuple.Create<bool, List<string>>(true, new List<string>());

        public class OperationResult
        {
            public bool Success { get; set; }
            public IList<string> Messages { get; } = new List<string>();

            public void AddMessage(string message)
            {
                Messages.Add(message);
            }
        }

        public OperationResult ValidateEmail(string email)
        {
            var result = new OperationResult();

            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(email))
            {
                result.Success = false;
                result.AddMessage("email is null.");
            }

            if (result.Success)
            {
                var isValidFormat = true;//todo: using RegularExpression
                if (!isValidFormat)
                {
                    result.Success = false;
                    result.AddMessage("email is not in a correct format");
                }
            }

            if (result.Success)
            {
                var isRealDoamin = true;//todo: Code here that confirms whether domain exists.
                if (!isRealDoamin)
                {
                    result.Success = false;
                    result.AddMessage("email does not include a valid domain.");
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

استفاده از Exception برای نمایش پیغام برای کاربر نهایی

با صدور یک استثناء و مدیریت سراسری آن در بالاترین (خارجی ترین) لایه و نمایش پیغام مرتبط با آن به کاربر نهایی، می‌توان از آن به عنوان ابزاری برای ارسال هر نوع پیغامی به کاربر نهایی استفاده کرد. اگر قوانین تجاری با موفقیت برآورده نشده‌اند یا لازم است به هر دلیلی یک پیغام مرتبط با یک اعتبارسنجی تجاری را برای کاربر نمایش دهید، این روش بسیار کارساز می‌باشد و با یکبار وقت گذاشتن برای توسعه زیرساخت برای این موضوع به عنوان یک Cross Cutting Concern تحت عنوان Exception Management آزادی عمل زیادی در ادامه توسعه سیستم خود خواهید داشت.

به عنوان مثال داشتن یک کلاس Exception سفارشی تحت عنوان UserFriendlyException در این راستا یک الزام می‌باشد.

   [Serializable]
   public class UserFriendlyException : Exception
   {
       public string Details { get; private set; }
       public int Code { get; set; }

       public UserFriendlyException()
       {
       }

       public UserFriendlyException(SerializationInfo serializationInfo, StreamingContext context)
           : base(serializationInfo, context)
       {

       }

       public UserFriendlyException(string message)
           : base(message)
       {
       }

       public UserFriendlyException(int code, string message)
           : this(message)
       {
           Code = code;
       }

       public UserFriendlyException(string message, string details)
           : this(message)
       {
           Details = details;
       }

       public UserFriendlyException(int code, string message, string details)
           : this(message, details)
       {
           Code = code;
       }

       public UserFriendlyException(string message, Exception innerException)
           : base(message, innerException)
       {
       }

       public UserFriendlyException(string message, string details, Exception innerException)
           : this(message, innerException)
       {
           Details = details;
       }
   }

و همچنین لازم است در بالاترین لایه سیستم خود به عنوان مثال برای یک پروژه ASP.NET MVC یا ASP.NET Core MVC می‌توان یک ExceptionFilter سفارشی نیز تهیه کرد که هم به صورت سراسری استثنا‌ءهای سفارشی شما را مدیریت کند و همچنین خروجی مناسب Json برای استفاده در سمت کلاینت را نیز مهیا کند. به عنوان مثال برای درخواست‌های Ajax ای لازم است در سمت کلاینت نیز پاسخ‌های رسیده از سمت سرور به صورت سراسری مدیریت شوند و برای سایر درخواست‌ها همان نمایش صفحات خطای پیغام مرتبط با استثناء رخ داده شده کفایت می‌کند.

یک مدل پیشنهادی برای تهیه خروجی مناسب برای ارسال جزئیات استثنا رخ داده در درخواست‌های Ajax ای

    [Serializable]
    public class MvcAjaxResponse : MvcAjaxResponse<object>
    {
        public MvcAjaxResponse()
        {
        }

        public MvcAjaxResponse(bool success)
            : base(success)
        {
        }

        public MvcAjaxResponse(object result)
            : base(result)
        {
        }

        public MvcAjaxResponse(ErrorInfo error, bool unAuthorizedRequest = false)
            : base(error, unAuthorizedRequest)
        {
        }
    }
   

    [Serializable]
    public class MvcAjaxResponse<TResult> : MvcAjaxResponseBase
    {
        public MvcAjaxResponse(TResult result)
        {
            Result = result;
            Success = true;
        }

        public MvcAjaxResponse()
        {
            Success = true;
        }

        public MvcAjaxResponse(bool success)
        {
            Success = success;
        }

        public MvcAjaxResponse(ErrorInfo error, bool unAuthorizedRequest = false)
        {
            Error = error;
            UnAuthorizedRequest = unAuthorizedRequest;
            Success = false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///     The actual result object of AJAX request.
        ///     It is set if <see cref="MvcAjaxResponseBase.Success" /> is true.
        /// </summary>
        public TResult Result { get; set; }
    }

    public class MvcAjaxResponseBase
    {
        public string TargetUrl { get; set; }

        public bool Success { get; set; }

        public ErrorInfo Error { get; set; }

        public bool UnAuthorizedRequest { get; set; }

        public bool __mvc { get; } = true;
    }

    [Serializable]
    public class ErrorInfo
    {
        public int Code { get; set; }
        public string Message { get; set; }
        public string Detail { get; set; }
        public Dictionary<string, string> ValidationErrors { get; set; }

        public ErrorInfo()
        {
        }
        public ErrorInfo(string message)
        {
            Message = message;
        }
        public ErrorInfo(int code)
        {
            Code = code;
        }

        public ErrorInfo(int code, string message)
            : this(message)
        {
            Code = code;
        }

        public ErrorInfo(string message, string details)
            : this(message)
        {
            Detail = details;
        }

        public ErrorInfo(int code, string message, string details)
            : this(message, details)
        {
            Code = code;
        }
    }

        public async Task CheckIsDeactiveAsync(long id)
        {
            if (await _organizationalUnits.AnyAsync(a => a.Id == id && !a.IsActive).ConfigureAwait(false))
                throw new UserFriendlyException("واحد سازمانی جاری غیرفعال می‌باشد.");
        }

روش نام گذاری متدهایی که امکان بازگشت خروجی Null را دارند

public User GetById(long id);

public class Book:Entity
    {
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public string ISBN { get; set; }
        public int Price { get; set; }
        public List<Author> Authors { get; set; }
        public BsonDocument ExtraFields { get; set; }
        public Language Language { get; set; }
        public ObjectId Image { get; set; }
        public int Year { get; set; }
        public DateTime LastStock { get; set; }

    }

     var book = new Book()
            {
      
                Title = "Gone With Wind",
                ISBN = "43442424",
                Price = 50000,
                Year = 1936,
                LastStock = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-13),
                Language = new Language()
                {
                    Name = "Persian"
                },
                Authors = new List<Author>()
               {
                   new Author()
                   {
                       Name = "Margaret Mitchell"
                   }
               },
                ExtraFields=new BsonDocument("Translator", "Ali Mahboobi")
            };

همینطور که می‌بینید این فیلد جدید به عنوان یک شیء جدا یا یک سند توکار ذخیره شده‌است. ولی اگر میخواهید به عنوان یک فیلد، همانند دیگر فیلدها ذخیره شود، باید فیلد ExtraField را به ویژگی BsonExtraElement مزین کنید. پس مدل را به شکل زیر بازنویسی میکنیم:

public class Book:Entity
    {
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public string ISBN { get; set; }
        public int Price { get; set; }
        public List<Author> Authors { get; set; }
        [BsonExtraElements]
        public BsonDocument ExtraFields { get; set; }
        public Language Language { get; set; }
        public ObjectId Image { get; set; }
        public int Year { get; set; }
        public DateTime LastStock { get; set; }

    }

PM> Install-Package foolproof

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using Lucene.Net.Analysis.Standard;
using Lucene.Net.Documents;
using Lucene.Net.Index;
using Lucene.Net.Store;
using LuceneSearch.Core.Model;
using LuceneSearch.Core.Utils;

namespace LuceneSearch.Core
{
    public static class CreateIndex
    {
        static readonly Lucene.Net.Util.Version _version = Lucene.Net.Util.Version.LUCENE_30;

        public static Document MapPostToDocument(Post post)
        {
            var postDocument = new Document();
            postDocument.Add(new Field("Id", post.Id.ToString(), Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NOT_ANALYZED));
            var titleField = new Field("Title", post.Title, Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED, Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS);
            titleField.Boost = 3;
            postDocument.Add(titleField);
            postDocument.Add(new Field("Body", post.Body.RemoveHtmlTags(), Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED, Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS));
            return postDocument;
        }

        public static void CreateFullTextIndex(IEnumerable<Post> dataList, string path)
        {
            var directory = FSDirectory.Open(new DirectoryInfo(path));
            var analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(_version);
            using (var writer = new IndexWriter(directory, analyzer, create: true, mfl: IndexWriter.MaxFieldLength.UNLIMITED))
            {
                foreach (var post in dataList)
                {
                    writer.AddDocument(MapPostToDocument(post));
                }

                writer.Optimize();
                writer.Commit();
                writer.Close();
                directory.Close();
            }
        }
    }
}

namespace LuceneSearch.Core.Model
{
    public class SearchResult
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Title { set; get; }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using Lucene.Net.Index;
using Lucene.Net.Search;
using Lucene.Net.Store;
using LuceneSearch.Core.Model;
using LuceneSearch.Core.Utils;

namespace LuceneSearch.Core
{
    public static class AutoComplete
    {
        private static IndexSearcher _searcher;

        /// <summary>
        /// Get terms starting with the given prefix
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="prefix"></param>
        /// <param name="maxItems"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IList<SearchResult> GetTermsScored(string indexPath, string prefix, int maxItems = 10)
        {
            if (_searcher == null)
                _searcher = new IndexSearcher(FSDirectory.Open(new DirectoryInfo(indexPath)), true);

            var resultsList = new List<SearchResult>();
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(prefix))
                return resultsList;

            prefix = prefix.ApplyCorrectYeKe();

            var results = _searcher.Search(new PrefixQuery(new Term("Title", prefix)), null, maxItems);
            if (results.TotalHits == 0)
            {
                results = _searcher.Search(new PrefixQuery(new Term("Body", prefix)), null, maxItems);
            }

            foreach (var doc in results.ScoreDocs)
            {
                resultsList.Add(new SearchResult
                {
                    Title = _searcher.Doc(doc.Doc).Get("Title"),
                    Id = int.Parse(_searcher.Doc(doc.Doc).Get("Id"))
                });
            }

            return resultsList;
        }
    }
}

using System.Text;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using LuceneSearch.Core;
using System.Web;

namespace LuceneSearch.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        static string _indexPath = HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPath + @"App_Data\idx";

        public ActionResult Index(int? id)
        {
            if (id.HasValue)
            {
                //todo: do something
            }
            return View(); //Show the page
        }

        public virtual ActionResult ScoredTerms(string q)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(q))
                return Content(string.Empty);

            var result = new StringBuilder();
            var items = AutoComplete.GetTermsScored(_indexPath, q);
            foreach (var item in items)
            {
                var postUrl = this.Url.Action(actionName: "Index", controllerName: "Home", routeValues: new { id = item.Id }, protocol: "http");
                result.AppendLine(item.Title + "|" + postUrl);
            }

            return Content(result.ToString());
        }
    }
}

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "جستجو";
    var scoredTermsUrl = Url.Action(actionName: "ScoredTerms", controllerName: "Home");
    var bulletImage = Url.Content("~/Content/Images/bullet_shape.png");
}
<h2>
    جستجو</h2>

<div align="center">
    @Html.TextBox("term", "", htmlAttributes: new { dir = "ltr" })
    <br />
    جهت آزمایش lu را وارد نمائید
</div>

@section scripts
{
    <script type="text/javascript">
        EnableSearchAutocomplete('@scoredTermsUrl', '@bulletImage');
    </script>
}

function EnableSearchAutocomplete(url, img) {
    var formatItem = function (row) {
        if (!row) return "";
        return "<img src='" + img + "' /> " + row[0];
    }

    $(document).ready(function () {
        $("#term").autocomplete(url, {
            dir: 'rtl', minChars: 2, delay: 5,
            mustMatch: false, max: 20, autoFill: false,
            matchContains: false, scroll: false, width: 300,
            formatItem: formatItem
        }).result(function (evt, row, formatted) {
            if (!row) return;
            window.location = row[1];
        });
    });
}

result.AppendLine(item.Title + "|" + postUrl);
return Content(result.ToString());

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="LuceneSearch.WebForms.Default" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <title>جستجو</title>
    <link href="Content/Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    <script src="Scripts/jquery-1.7.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="Scripts/jquery.autocomplete.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="Scripts/custom.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body dir="rtl">
    <h2>
        جستجو</h2>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <div align="center">
        <asp:TextBox runat="server" dir="ltr" ID="term"></asp:TextBox>
        <br />
        جهت آزمایش lu را وارد نمائید
    </div>
    </form>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        EnableSearchAutocomplete('Search.ashx', 'Content/Images/bullet_shape.png');
    </script>
</body>
</html>

using System.Text;
using System.Web;
using LuceneSearch.Core;

namespace LuceneSearch.WebForms
{
    public class Search : IHttpHandler
    {
        static string _indexPath = HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPath + @"App_Data\idx";

        public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
        {
            string q = context.Request.QueryString["q"];
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(q))
            {
                context.Response.Write(string.Empty);
                context.Response.End();
            }

            var result = new StringBuilder();
            var items = AutoComplete.GetTermsScored(_indexPath, q);
            foreach (var item in items)
            {
                var postUrl = "Default.aspx?id=" + item.Id;
                result.AppendLine(item.Title + "|" + postUrl);
            }

            context.Response.ContentType = "text/plain";
            context.Response.Write(result.ToString());
            context.Response.End();
        }

        public bool IsReusable
        { get { return false; } }
    }
}

result.AppendLine(item.Title + "|" + postUrl);
context.Response.Write(result.ToString());

{
    "userIsAuthorizedForCourseTranscripts": false,
    "modules": [
        {
            "title": "Course Overview",
            "clips": [
                {
                    "title": "Course Overview",
                    "playerParameters": "author=scott-allen&name=aspdotnet-core-1-0-fundamentals-m0&mode=live&clip=0&course=aspdotnet-core-1-0-fundamentals",
                    "transcripts": [ ]
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Building Your First ASP.NET Core Application",
            "clips": [
                {
                    "title": "Introduction",
                    "playerParameters": "author=scott-allen&name=aspdotnet-core-1-0-fundamentals-m1&mode=live&clip=0&course=aspdotnet-core-1-0-fundamentals",
                    "transcripts": [
                        {
                            "displayTime": 0.0,
                            "text": "Hi! This is Scott, and this course will help you build your first application with ASP.NET Core."
                        },
                        {
                            "displayTime": 7.0,
                            "text": "In this course, we'll be using Visual Studio and the new ASP.NET Framework to build a web application that"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

public class PluralsightCourse
{
    public bool UserIsAuthorizedForCourseTranscripts { get; set; }
    public PluralsightCourseItems[] Modules { get; set; }
}
public class PluralsightCourseItems
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public PluralsightCourseClip[] Clips { get; set; }
}
public class PluralsightCourseClip
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public string PlayerParameters { get; set; }
    public PluralsightCourseClipTranscript[] Transcripts { get; set; }
}
public class PluralsightCourseClipTranscript
{
    public float DisplayTime { get; set; }
    public string Text { get; set; }
}

public static PluralsightCourse ProcessJsonFile(string jsonData)
{
    return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<PluralsightCourse>(jsonData);
}

namespace PdfReportSamples.Models
{
    public class ImageRecord
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string ImagePath { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using iTextSharp.text.pdf;
using PdfReportSamples.Models;
using PdfRpt.Core.Contracts;
using PdfRpt.FluentInterface;

namespace PdfReportSamples.ImageFilePath
{
    public class ImageFilePathPdfReport
    {
        public IPdfReportData CreatePdfReport()
        {
            return new PdfReport().DocumentPreferences(doc =>
            {
                doc.RunDirection(PdfRunDirection.RightToLeft);
                doc.Orientation(PageOrientation.Portrait);
                doc.PageSize(PdfPageSize.A4);
                doc.DocumentMetadata(new DocumentMetadata { Author = "Vahid", Application = "PdfRpt", Keywords = "Test", Subject = "Test Rpt", Title = "Test" });
            })
            .DefaultFonts(fonts =>
            {
                fonts.Path(AppPath.ApplicationPath + "\\fonts\\irsans.ttf",
                                  Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SystemRoot") + "\\fonts\\verdana.ttf");
            })
            .PagesFooter(footer =>
            {
                footer.DefaultFooter(DateTime.Now.ToString("MM/dd/yyyy"));
            })
            .PagesHeader(header =>
            {
                header.DefaultHeader(defaultHeader =>
                {
                    defaultHeader.ImagePath(AppPath.ApplicationPath + "\\Images\\01.png");
                    defaultHeader.Message("گزارش جدید ما");
                });
            })
            .MainTableTemplate(template =>
            {
                template.BasicTemplate(BasicTemplate.SnowyPineTemplate);
            })
            .MainTablePreferences(table =>
            {
                table.ColumnsWidthsType(TableColumnWidthType.Relative);
            })
            .MainTableDataSource(dataSource =>
            {
                var listOfRows = new List<ImageRecord>
                                             {
                                                 new ImageRecord
                                                     {
                                                         Id=1,
                                                         ImagePath =  AppPath.ApplicationPath + "\\Images\\01.png",
                                                         Name = "Rnd"
                                                     },
                                                 new ImageRecord
                                                     {
                                                         Id=2,
                                                         ImagePath =  AppPath.ApplicationPath + "\\Images\\02.png",
                                                         Name = "Bug"
                                                     },
                                                 new ImageRecord
                                                     {
                                                         Id=3,
                                                         ImagePath =  AppPath.ApplicationPath + "\\Images\\03.png",
                                                         Name = "Stuff"
                                                     },
                                                 new ImageRecord
                                                     {
                                                         Id=4,
                                                         ImagePath =  AppPath.ApplicationPath + "\\Images\\04.png",
                                                         Name = "Sun"
                                                     }
                                             };
                dataSource.StronglyTypedList(listOfRows);
            })
            .MainTableColumns(columns =>
            {
                columns.AddColumn(column =>
                {
                    column.PropertyName("rowNo");
                    column.IsRowNumber(true);
                    column.CellsHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center);
                    column.IsVisible(true);
                    column.Order(0);
                    column.Width(1);
                    column.HeaderCell("ردیف");
                });

                columns.AddColumn(column =>
                {
                    column.PropertyName<ImageRecord>(x => x.Id);
                    column.CellsHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center);
                    column.IsVisible(true);
                    column.Order(1);
                    column.Width(3);
                    column.HeaderCell("شماره");
                    column.ColumnItemsTemplate(t => t.Barcode(new Barcode39()));
                });

                columns.AddColumn(column =>
                {
                    column.PropertyName<ImageRecord>(x => x.ImagePath);
                    column.CellsHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center);
                    column.IsVisible(true);
                    column.Order(2);
                    column.Width(3);
                    column.HeaderCell("تصویر");
                    column.ColumnItemsTemplate(t => t.ImageFilePath(defaultImageFilePath: string.Empty, fitImages: false));
                });

                columns.AddColumn(column =>
                {
                    column.PropertyName<ImageRecord>(x => x.Name);
                    column.CellsHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center);
                    column.IsVisible(true);
                    column.Order(3);
                    column.Width(2);
                    column.HeaderCell("نام");
                });
            })
            .MainTableEvents(events =>
            {
                events.DataSourceIsEmpty(message: "There is no data available to display.");
            })
            .Export(export =>
            {
                export.ToExcel();
                export.ToXml();
            })
            .Generate(data => data.AsPdfFile(AppPath.ApplicationPath + "\\Pdf\\RptImageFilePathSample.pdf"));
        }
    }
}

 column.ColumnItemsTemplate(t => t.ImageFilePath(defaultImageFilePath: string.Empty, fitImages: false));

 column.ColumnItemsTemplate(t => t.Barcode(new Barcode39()));

using System;
using PdfRpt.Core.Contracts;
using PdfRpt.FluentInterface;

namespace PdfReportSamples.DbImage
{
    public class DbImagePdfReport
    {
        public IPdfReportData CreatePdfReport()
        {
            return new PdfReport().DocumentPreferences(doc =>
            {
                doc.RunDirection(PdfRunDirection.RightToLeft);
                doc.Orientation(PageOrientation.Portrait);
                doc.PageSize(PdfPageSize.A4);
                doc.DocumentMetadata(new DocumentMetadata { Author = "Vahid", Application = "PdfRpt", Keywords = "Test", Subject = "Test Rpt", Title = "Test" });
            })
             .DefaultFonts(fonts =>
             {
                 fonts.Path(AppPath.ApplicationPath + "\\fonts\\irsans.ttf",
                            Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SystemRoot") + "\\fonts\\verdana.ttf");
             })
             .PagesFooter(footer =>
             {
                 footer.DefaultFooter(DateTime.Now.ToString("MM/dd/yyyy"));
             })
             .PagesHeader(header =>
             {
                 header.DefaultHeader(defaultHeader =>
                 {
                     defaultHeader.ImagePath(AppPath.ApplicationPath + "\\Images\\01.png");
                     defaultHeader.Message("گزارش جدید ما");
                 });
             })
             .MainTableTemplate(template =>
             {
                 template.BasicTemplate(BasicTemplate.AutumnTemplate);
             })
             .MainTablePreferences(table =>
             {
                 table.ColumnsWidthsType(TableColumnWidthType.FitToContent);
             })
             .MainTableDataSource(dataSource =>
             {
                 dataSource.GenericDataReader(
                   providerName: "System.Data.SQLite",
                   connectionString: "Data Source=" + AppPath.ApplicationPath + "\\data\\blogs.sqlite",
                   sql: @"SELECT [url], [name], [NumberOfPosts], [AddDate], [thumbnail]
                               FROM [tblBlogs]
                               WHERE [NumberOfPosts]>=@p1",
                   parametersValues: new object[] { 10 }
               );
             })
             .MainTableEvents(events =>
             {
                 events.DataSourceIsEmpty(message: "There is no data available to display.");
             })
             .MainTableSummarySettings(summary =>
             {
                 summary.OverallSummarySettings("جمع کل");
                 summary.PreviousPageSummarySettings("نقل از صفحه قبل");
             })
             .MainTableColumns(columns =>
             {
                 columns.AddColumn(column =>
                 {
                     column.PropertyName("rowNo");
                     column.IsRowNumber(true);
                     column.CellsHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center);
                     column.IsVisible(true);
                     column.Order(0);
                     column.HeaderCell("ردیف");
                 });

                 columns.AddColumn(column =>
                 {
                     column.PropertyName("url");
                     column.CellsHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center);
                     column.IsVisible(true);
                     column.Order(1);
                     column.HeaderCell("آدرس");
                 });

                 columns.AddColumn(column =>
                 {
                     column.PropertyName("name");
                     column.CellsHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center);
                     column.IsVisible(true);
                     column.Order(2);
                     column.HeaderCell("نام");
                 });

                 columns.AddColumn(column =>
                 {
                     column.PropertyName("NumberOfPosts");
                     column.CellsHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center);
                     column.IsVisible(true);
                     column.Order(3);
                     column.HeaderCell("تعداد پست");
                     column.ColumnItemsTemplate(template =>
                     {
                         template.TextBlock();
                         template.DisplayFormatFormula(obj => obj == null ? string.Empty : string.Format("{0:n0}", obj));
                     });
                     column.AggregateFunction(aggregateFunction =>
                     {
                         aggregateFunction.NumericAggregateFunction(AggregateFunction.Sum);
                         aggregateFunction.DisplayFormatFormula(obj => obj == null ? string.Empty : string.Format("{0:n0}", obj));
                     });
                 });

                 columns.AddColumn(column =>
                 {
                     column.PropertyName("AddDate");
                     column.CellsHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center);
                     column.IsVisible(true);
                     column.Order(4);
                     column.HeaderCell("تاریخ ثبت");
                     column.ColumnItemsTemplate(template =>
                     {
                         template.TextBlock();
                         template.DisplayFormatFormula(obj => obj == null ? string.Empty : ((DateTime)obj).ToString("dd/MM/yyyy HH:mm"));
                     });
                 });

                 columns.AddColumn(column =>
                 {
                     column.PropertyName("thumbnail");
                     column.CellsHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center);
                     column.IsVisible(true);
                     column.Order(5);
                     column.HeaderCell("تصویر");
                     column.ColumnItemsTemplate(t => t.ByteArrayImage(defaultImageFilePath: string.Empty, fitImages: false));
                 });
             })
             .Export(export =>
             {
                 export.ToXml();
                 export.ToExcel();
             })
             .Generate(data => data.AsPdfFile(AppPath.ApplicationPath + "\\Pdf\\RptDbImageSample.pdf"));
        }
    }
}

SELECT [url], [name], [NumberOfPosts], [AddDate], [thumbnail]
FROM [tblBlogs]
WHERE [NumberOfPosts]>=@p1

column.ColumnItemsTemplate(t => t.ByteArrayImage(defaultImageFilePath: string.Empty, fitImages: false));