public class PostDto : BaseDto<PostDto, Post, long>
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public string Text { get; set; }
    public int CategoryId { get; set; }

    public string CategoryName { get; set; } //=> Category.Name
}

public abstract class BaseDto<TDto, TEntity, TKey>
        where TDto : class, new()
        where TEntity : BaseEntity<TKey>, new()
{
    [Display(Name = "ردیف")]
    public TKey Id { get; set; }

    public TEntity ToEntity()
    {
        return Mapper.Map<TEntity>(CastToDerivedClass(this));
    }

    public TEntity ToEntity(TEntity entity)
    {
        return Mapper.Map(CastToDerivedClass(this), entity);
    }

    public static TDto FromEntity(TEntity model)
    {
        return Mapper.Map<TDto>(model);
    }

    protected TDto CastToDerivedClass(BaseDto<TDto, TEntity, TKey> baseInstance)
    {
        return Mapper.Map<TDto>(baseInstance);
    }
}

• نوع TDto به کلاس Dto ما اشاره میکند؛ مثلا PostDto
• نوع TEntity به کلاس Entity ما اشاره میکند؛ مثلا Post
• نوع TKey به نوع خاصیت Id اشاره میکند.
• شرط لازم برای نوع TEntity این است که از <BaseEntity<TKey ارث بری کرده باشد (نوع پایه‌ای که تمام Entity‌های ما از آن ارث بری می‌کنند).
• متد‌های کمکی ToEntity و FromEntity، کار نگاشت اشیاء را برای ما راحت‌تر می‌کنند.

public abstract class BaseEntity<TKey>
{
    public TKey Id { get; set; }
}

public class Post : BaseEntity<long>
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public string Text { get; set; }
    public int CatgeoryId { get; set; }

    public Category Category { get; set; }
}

var postDto = new PostDto();
var post = postDto.ToEntity();

var post = // finded by id
var updatePost = postDto.ToEntity(post);

var postDto = PostDto.FromEntity(post);

public static class AutoMapperConfiguration
{
    public static void InitializeAutoMapper()
    {
        Mapper.Initialize(configuration =>
        {
            configuration.ConfigureAutoMapperForDto();
        });

        //Compile mapping after configuration to boost map speed
        Mapper.Configuration.CompileMappings();
    }

    public static void ConfigureAutoMapperForDto(this IMapperConfigurationExpression config)
    {
        config.ConfigureAutoMapperForDto(Assembly.GetEntryAssembly());
    }

    public static void ConfigureAutoMapperForDto(this IMapperConfigurationExpression config, params Assembly[] assemblies)
    {
        var dtoTypes = GetDtoTypes(assemblies);

        var mappingTypes = dtoTypes
            .Select(type =>
            {
                var arguments = type.BaseType.GetGenericArguments();
                return new
                {
                    DtoType = arguments[0],
                    EntityType = arguments[1]
                };
            }).ToList();

        foreach (var mappingType in mappingTypes)
            config.CreateMappingAndIgnoreUnmappedProperties(mappingType.EntityType, mappingType.DtoType);
    }

    public static void CreateMappingAndIgnoreUnmappedProperties(this IMapperConfigurationExpression config, Type entityType, Type dtoType)
    {
        var mappingExpression = config.CreateMap(entityType, dtoType).ReverseMap();

        //Ignore mapping to any property of source (like Post.Categroy) that dose not contains in destination (like PostDto)
        //To prevent from wrong mapping. for example in mapping of "PostDto -> Post", automapper create a new instance for Category (with null catgeoryName) because we have CategoryName property that has null value
        foreach (var property in entityType.GetProperties())
        {
            if (dtoType.GetProperty(property.Name) == null)
                mappingExpression.ForMember(property.Name, opt => opt.Ignore());
        }
    }

    public static IEnumerable<Type> GetDtoTypes(params Assembly[] assemblies)
    {
        var allTypes = assemblies.SelectMany(a => a.ExportedTypes);

        var dtoTypes = allTypes.Where(type =>
                type.IsClass && !type.IsAbstract && type.BaseType != null && type.BaseType.IsGenericType &&
                (type.BaseType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(BaseDto<,>) ||
                type.BaseType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(BaseDto<,,>)));

        return dtoTypes;
    }
}

public class Startup
{
    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        Configuration = configuration;
        AutoMapperConfiguration.InitializeAutoMapper();
    }

public static IEnumerable<Type> GetDtoTypes(params Assembly[] assemblies)
{
    var allTypes = assemblies.SelectMany(a => a.ExportedTypes);

    var dtoTypes = allTypes.Where(type =>
            type.IsClass && !type.IsAbstract && type.BaseType != null && type.BaseType.IsGenericType &&
            (type.BaseType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(BaseDto<,>) ||
            type.BaseType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(BaseDto<,,>)));

    return dtoTypes;
}

public static void ConfigureAutoMapperForDto(this IMapperConfigurationExpression config, params Assembly[] assemblies)
{
var dtoTypes = GetDtoTypes(assemblies);

var mappingTypes = dtoTypes
.Select(type =>
{
var arguments = type.BaseType.GetGenericArguments();
return new
{
DtoType = arguments[0],
EntityType = arguments[1]
};
}).ToList();

foreach (var mappingType in mappingTypes)
config.CreateMappingAndIgnoreUnmappedProperties(mappingType.EntityType, mappingType.DtoType);
}

PS /> [Parameter]::new()

ExperimentName                  :
ExperimentAction                : None
Position                        : -2147483648
ParameterSetName                : __AllParameterSets
Mandatory                       : False
ValueFromPipeline               : False
ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName : False
ValueFromRemainingArguments     : False
HelpMessage                     :
HelpMessageBaseName             :
HelpMessageResourceId           :
DontShow                        : False
TypeId                          : System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute

Function Ping-Website {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [ValidatePattern('^www\..*')]
        [string[]]$Websites,
        [ValidateRange(1, 3)]
        [int]$Count = 3
    )
    $Results = @()
    $Websites | ForEach-Object {
        $Website = $_
        $Result = Test-Connection -ComputerName $Website -Count $Count -Quiet
        $ResultText = $Result ? 'Success' : 'Failed'
        $Results += @{
            Website = $Website
            Result  = $ResultText
        }
        Write-Verbose "The result of pinging $Website is $ResultText"
    }
    $Results | ForEach-Object { 
        $_ | Select-Object @{ Name = "Website"; Expression = { $_.Website }; }, @{ Name = "Result"; Expression = { $_.Result }; }, @{ Name = "Number Of Attempts"; Expression = { $Count }; } 
    }
}

Function Ping-Website {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [ValidateScript({
                If (-Not ($_ | Test-Path) ) {
                    Throw "File or folder does not exist" 
                }
                If (-Not ($_ | Test-Path -PathType Leaf) ) {
                    Throw "The Path argument must be a file. Folder paths are not allowed."
                }
                If ($_ -NotMatch "(\.json)$") {
                    throw "The file specified in the path argument must be either of type json"
                }
                Return $true
            })]
        [Alias("src", "source", "file")]
        [System.IO.FileInfo]$Path,
        [int]$Count = 1
    )
    $Results = [System.Collections.ArrayList]@()
    $Urls = Get-Content -Path $Path | ConvertFrom-Json
    $Urls | ForEach-Object -Parallel {
        $Website = $_.url
        $Result = Test-Connection -ComputerName $Website -Count $using:Count -Quiet
        $ResultText = $Result ? 'Success' : 'Failed'
        $Item = @{
            Website = $Website
            Result  = $ResultText
        }
        $null = ($using:Results).Add($Item)
    }
    
    $Results | ForEach-Object -Parallel { 
        $_ | Select-Object @{ Name = "Website"; Expression = { $_.Website }; }, @{ Name = "Result"; Expression = { $_.Result }; }, @{ Name = "Number Of Attempts"; Expression = { $using:Count }; } 
    }
}

Function Ping-Website {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        # As before
    )
    # As before
    $Urls | ForEach-Object -Parallel {
        $DebugPreference = $using:DebugPreference 
        $VerbosePreference = $using:VerbosePreference 
        $InformationPreference = $using:InformationPreference 
        
        # As before
    }
    
    # As before
}

$scriptBlock = {
    $logOutput = {
        param($message)
        Write-Host $message
    }

    [int]$someVariable = 10
    $doSomeWork = {
        & $logOutput -message "Some variable value: $someVariable"
    }
    $someVariable = 20

    & $doSomeWork
}

$scriptBlock = {
    $logOutput = {
        param($message)
        Write-Host $message
    }

    [int]$someVariable = 10
    $doSomeWork = {
        & $logOutput -message "Some variable value: $someVariable"
    }.GetNewClosure()
    $someVariable = 20

    & $doSomeWork
}

PS /> "www.google.com", "www.yahoo.com" | Ping-Website                 

Website       Result  Number Of Attempts
-------       ------  ------------------
www.yahoo.com Success                  3