private static string toPersianNumbersUsingReplace(string data)
{
    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(data)) return string.Empty;
    return
      data
        .Replace("0", "\u06F0")
        .Replace("1", "\u06F1")
        .Replace("2", "\u06F2")
        .Replace("3", "\u06F3")
        .Replace("4", "\u06F4")
        .Replace("5", "\u06F5")
        .Replace("6", "\u06F6")
        .Replace("7", "\u06F7")
        .Replace("8", "\u06F8")
        .Replace("9", "\u06F9");
}

        private static string toPersianNumbersUsingReplace(string data)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(data)) return string.Empty;
            return
                toEnglishNumbers(data)
                .Replace("0", "\u06F0")
                .Replace("1", "\u06F1")
                .Replace("2", "\u06F2")
                .Replace("3", "\u06F3")
                .Replace("4", "\u06F4")
                .Replace("5", "\u06F5")
                .Replace("6", "\u06F6")
                .Replace("7", "\u06F7")
                .Replace("8", "\u06F8")
                .Replace("9", "\u06F9");
        }

        private static string toEnglishNumbers(string data)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(data)) return string.Empty;
            return
               data.Replace("\u0660", "0") //٠
                   .Replace("\u06F0", "0") //۰
                   .Replace("\u0661", "1") //١
                   .Replace("\u06F1", "1") //۱
                   .Replace("\u0662", "2") //٢
                   .Replace("\u06F2", "2") //۲
                   .Replace("\u0663", "3") //٣
                   .Replace("\u06F3", "3") //۳
                   .Replace("\u0664", "4") //٤
                   .Replace("\u06F4", "4") //۴
                   .Replace("\u0665", "5") //٥
                   .Replace("\u06F5", "5") //۵
                   .Replace("\u0666", "6") //٦
                   .Replace("\u06F6", "6") //۶
                   .Replace("\u0667", "7") //٧
                   .Replace("\u06F7", "7") //۷
                   .Replace("\u0668", "8") //٨
                   .Replace("\u06F8", "8") //۸
                   .Replace("\u0669", "9") //٩
                   .Replace("\u06F9", "9"); //۹
        }

  .Replace("\u0669", "9") //٩

  .Replace('\u0669', '9') //٩

        private static string toPersianNumbersUsingStringBuilder(string data)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(data)) return string.Empty;

            var strBuilder = new StringBuilder(data);
            for (var i = 0; i < strBuilder.Length; i++)
            {
                switch (strBuilder[i])
                {
                    case '0':
                    case '\u0660':
                        strBuilder[i] = '\u06F0';
                        break;

                    case '1':
                    case '\u0661':
                        strBuilder[i] = '\u06F1';
                        break;

                    case '2':
                    case '\u0662':
                        strBuilder[i] = '\u06F2';
                        break;

                    case '3':
                    case '\u0663':
                        strBuilder[i] = '\u06F3';
                        break;

                    case '4':
                    case '\u0664':
                        strBuilder[i] = '\u06F4';
                        break;

                    case '5':
                    case '\u0665':
                        strBuilder[i] = '\u06F5';
                        break;

                    case '6':
                    case '\u0666':
                        strBuilder[i] = '\u06F6';
                        break;

                    case '7':
                    case '\u0667':
                        strBuilder[i] = '\u06F7';
                        break;

                    case '8':
                    case '\u0668':
                        strBuilder[i] = '\u06F8';
                        break;

                    case '9':
                    case '\u0669':
                        strBuilder[i] = '\u06F9';
                        break;

                    default:
                        strBuilder[i] = strBuilder[i];
                        break;
                }
            }

            return strBuilder.ToString();
        }

        private static string toPersianNumbersUsingToCharArray(string data)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(data)) return string.Empty;

            var letters = data.ToCharArray();
            for (var i = 0; i < letters.Length; i++)
            {
                switch (letters[i])
                {
                    case '0':
                    case '\u0660':
                        letters[i] = '\u06F0';
                        break;

                    // مانند قبل

                }
            }

            return new string(letters);
        }

        private static string toPersianNumbersUsingStringCreate(string data)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(data)) return string.Empty;

            return string.Create(data.Length, data, (chars, context) =>
            {
                for (var i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
                {
                    switch (context[i])
                    {
                        case '0':
                        case '\u0660':
                            chars[i] = '\u06F0';
                            break;

                    // مانند قبل

                    }
                }
            });
        }

public static string Create<TState> (int length, TState state, System.Buffers.SpanAction<char,TState> action);

 return string.Create(data.Length, data, (chars, context) => {});

using System.IO;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace DNTViewer.Common.Toolkit
{
    public static class Serializer
    {
        public static string Serialize<T>(T type)
        {
            var serializer = new XmlSerializer(type.GetType());
            using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
            {
                serializer.Serialize(stream, type);
                stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                using (var reader = new StreamReader(stream))
                {
                    return reader.ReadToEnd();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

        private string createXmlFile(string dir)
        {
            var xLinq = new XElement("ArrayOfPost",
                        _blogPosts
                            .AsNoTracking()
                            .Include(x => x.Comments)
                            .Include(x => x.User)
                            .Include(x => x.Tags)
                            .OrderBy(x => x.Id)
                            .ToList()
                            .Select(x => new XElement("Post", postXElement(x)))
                            );

            var xmlFile = Path.Combine(dir, "dot-net-tips-database.xml");
            xLinq.Save(xmlFile);
            return xmlFile;
        }

        private static XElement[] postXElement(BlogPost x)
        {
            return new XElement[]
            {
                new XElement("Id", x.Id),
                new XElement("Title", x.Title),
                new XElement("Body", x.Body),
                new XElement("CreatedOn", x.CreatedOn),
                tagElement(x),
                new XElement("User",
                                new XElement("Id", x.UserId.Value),
                                new XElement("FriendlyName", x.User.FriendlyName))
            }.Where(item => item != null).ToArray();
        }

        private static XElement tagElement(BlogPost x)
        {
            var tags = x.Tags.Any() ?
                            x.Tags.Select(y =>
                                        new XElement("Tag",
                                                new XElement("Id", y.Id),
                                                new XElement("Name", y.Name)))
                                  .ToArray() : null;
            if (tags == null)
                return null;

            return new XElement("Tags", tags);
        }

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.0</TargetFramework>
    <LangVersion>latest</LangVersion>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="System.Memory" Version="4.4.0-preview1-25305-02" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

    static class NameValidatorUsingString
    {
        public static bool IsValidName(string name)
        {
            if (name.Length < 2)
                return false;

            if (char.IsLetter(name[0]))
                return true;

            return false;
        }
    }

string fullName = "User 1";
string firstName = fullName.Substring(0, 4);
NameValidatorUsingString.IsValidName(firstName);

char[] anotherFullName = { 'A', 'B' };

NameValidatorUsingString.IsValidName(anotherFullName);

NameValidatorUsingString.IsValidName(new string(anotherFullName));

    static class NameValidatorUsingSpan
    {
        public static bool IsValidName(ReadOnlySpan<char> name)
        {
            if (name.Length < 2)
                return false;

            if (char.IsLetter(name[0]))
                return true;

            return false;

        }
    }

ReadOnlySpan<char> fullName = "User 1".AsSpan();
ReadOnlySpan<char> firstName = fullName.Slice(0, 4);
NameValidatorUsingSpan.IsValidName(firstName);

char[] anotherFullName = { 'A', 'B' };
NameValidatorUsingSpan.IsValidName(anotherFullName);

var arr = new byte[10];
Span<byte> bytes = arr; // Implicit cast from T[] to Span<T>

Span<byte> slicedBytes = bytes.Slice(start: 5, length: 2);
slicedBytes[0] = 42;
slicedBytes[1] = 43;
slicedBytes[2] = 44; // Throws IndexOutOfRangeException
bytes[2] = 45; // OK

var array = new byte[100];
Span<byte> interiorRef1 = array.AsSpan().Slice(start: 20);

Span<byte> interiorRef2 = new Span<byte>(array: array, start: 20, length: array.Length - 20);

class Impossible
{
   Span<byte> field;
}

static async Task<int> ChecksumReadAsync(Memory<byte> buffer, Stream stream)
{
   int bytesRead = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer);
   return Checksum(buffer.Span.Slice(0, bytesRead));
   // Or buffer.Slice(0, bytesRead).Span
}

using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR;

namespace SignalR05.Common
{
    public class OnlineUsersHub : Hub
    {
        public static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, string> OnlineUsers = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, string>();

        public void UpdateUsersOnlineCount()
        {
            // آی پی معرف یک کاربر است
            // اما کانکشن آی دی معرف یک برگه جدید در مرورگر او است
            // هر کاربر می‌تواند چندین برگه را به یک سایت گشوده یا ببندد
            var ipsCount = OnlineUsers.Select(x => x.Value).Distinct().Count();
            this.Clients.All.updateUsersOnlineCount(ipsCount);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// اگر کاربران اعتبار سنجی شده‌اند بهتر است از
        /// this.Context.User.Identity.Name
        /// بجای آی پی استفاده شود
        /// </summary>        
        protected string GetUserIpAddress()
        {
            object environment;
            if (!Context.Request.Items.TryGetValue("owin.environment", out environment))
                return null;

            object serverRemoteIpAddress;
            if (!((IDictionary<string, object>)environment).TryGetValue("server.RemoteIpAddress", out serverRemoteIpAddress))
                return null;

            return serverRemoteIpAddress.ToString();
        }

        public override Task OnConnected()
        {
            var ip = GetUserIpAddress();
            OnlineUsers.TryAdd(this.Context.ConnectionId, ip);
            UpdateUsersOnlineCount();

            return base.OnConnected();
        }

        public override Task OnReconnected()
        {
            var ip = GetUserIpAddress();
            OnlineUsers.TryAdd(this.Context.ConnectionId, ip);
            UpdateUsersOnlineCount();

            return base.OnReconnected();
        }

        public override Task OnDisconnected()
        {
            // در این حالت ممکن است مرورگر کاملا بسته شده باشد
            // یا حتی صرفا یک برگه مرورگر از چندین برگه متصل به سایت بسته شده باشند
            string ip;
            OnlineUsers.TryRemove(this.Context.ConnectionId, out ip);
            UpdateUsersOnlineCount();

            return base.OnDisconnected();
        }
    }
}

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
    <title></title>
    <script src="Scripts/jquery-1.6.4.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="Scripts/jquery.signalR-1.1.3.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src='<%= ResolveClientUrl("~/signalr/hubs") %>'></script>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    online users count: <span id="usersCount"></span>
    </form>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            $.connection.hub.logging = true;
            var onlineUsersHub = $.connection.onlineUsersHub;
            onlineUsersHub.client.updateUsersOnlineCount = function (count) {
                $('#usersCount').text(count);
            };
            $.connection.hub.start();
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

using System;

namespace CultureAndNumbers
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var number = Convert.ToDecimal("12.32");
            Console.WriteLine(number);
        }
    }
}

    public class CultureScope : IDisposable
    {
        private readonly CultureInfo _originalCulture;

        public CultureScope(string culture)
        {
            _originalCulture = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
            Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new CultureInfo(culture);
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = _originalCulture;
        }
    }

using (var cultureScope = new CultureScope("fa-IR"))
{
   Console.WriteLine(Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.NumberFormat.NumberDecimalSeparator);
   var number = decimal.Parse("12.32");
   Console.WriteLine(number);
}

 using (var cultureScope = new CultureScope("fa-IR"))
{
   Console.WriteLine(Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.NumberFormat.NumberDecimalSeparator);
   var number = decimal.Parse("12.32", new CultureInfo("en"));
   Console.WriteLine(number);
}

 using (var cultureScope = new CultureScope("fa-IR"))
{
   Console.WriteLine(Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.NumberFormat.NumberDecimalSeparator);
   var number = decimal.Parse("12.32", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
   Console.WriteLine(number);
}

namespace EFCorePgExercises.Entities
{
    public class Member
    {
       // ...

        public virtual ICollection<Member> Children { get; set; }
        public virtual Member Recommender { set; get; }
        public int? RecommendedBy { set; get; }

       // ...
    }
}

var id = 27;
var entity27WithAllOfItsParents =
                        context.Members
                            .Where(member => member.MemId == id
                                            || member.Children.Any(m => member.MemId == m.RecommendedBy))
                            .ToList() //It's a MUST - get all children from the database
                            .FirstOrDefault(x => x.MemId == id);// then get the root of the tree

namespace EFCorePgExercises.Exercises.RecursiveQueries
{
    public static class RecursiveUtils
    {
        public static void FindParents(Member member, List<dynamic> actualResult)
        {
            if (member == null || member.Recommender == null)
            {
                return;
            }

            var item = member.Recommender;
            actualResult.Add(new { Recommender = item.MemId, item.FirstName, item.Surname });

            if (item.Recommender != null)
            {
                FindParents(item, actualResult);
            }
        }
    }
}

var actualResult = new List<dynamic>();
RecursiveUtils.FindParents(entity27WithAllOfItsParents, actualResult);

var id = 1;
var entity1WithAllOfItsDescendants =
                        context.Members
                            .Include(member => member.Children)
                            .Where(member => member.MemId == id
                                            || member.Children.Any(m => member.MemId == m.RecommendedBy))
                            .ToList() //It's a MUST - get all children from the database
                            .FirstOrDefault(x => x.MemId == id);// then get the root of the tree

SELECT   [m].[MemId],
         [m].[Address],
         [m].[FirstName],
         [m].[JoinDate],
         [m].[RecommendedBy],
         [m].[Surname],
         [m].[Telephone],
         [m].[ZipCode],
         [m0].[MemId],
         [m0].[Address],
         [m0].[FirstName],
         [m0].[JoinDate],
         [m0].[RecommendedBy],
         [m0].[Surname],
         [m0].[Telephone],
         [m0].[ZipCode]
FROM     [Members] AS [m]
         LEFT OUTER JOIN
         [Members] AS [m0]
         ON [m].[MemId] = [m0].[RecommendedBy]
WHERE    ([m].[MemId] = 1)
         OR EXISTS (SELECT 1
                    FROM   [Members] AS [m1]
                    WHERE  ([m].[MemId] = [m1].[RecommendedBy])
                           AND ([m].[MemId] = [m1].[RecommendedBy]))
ORDER BY [m].[MemId], [m0].[MemId];

namespace EFCorePgExercises.Exercises.RecursiveQueries
{
    public static class RecursiveUtils
    {
        public static void FindChildren(Member member, List<dynamic> actualResult)
        {
            if (member == null)
            {
                return;
            }

            foreach (var item in member.Children)
            {
                actualResult.Add(new { item.MemId, item.FirstName, item.Surname });
                if (item.Children != null)
                {
                    FindChildren(item, actualResult);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

var actualResult = new List<dynamic>();
RecursiveUtils.FindChildren(entity1WithAllOfItsDescendants, actualResult);

> HTTP/2 403
> Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2013 14:50:41 GMT
> x-ratelimit-limit: 60
> x-ratelimit-remaining: 0
> x-ratelimit-used: 60
> x-ratelimit-reset: 1377013266
> {
> "message": "API rate limit exceeded for xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx. (But here's the good news: Authenticated requests get a higher rate limit. Check out the documentation for more details.)",
> "documentation_url": "https://docs.github.com/rest/overview/resources-in-the-rest-api#rate-limiting"
> }