public IEnumerable<Product> GetProducts()
{
    using (var stream = File.Read(Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, "products.xml")))
    {
        var serializer = new XmlSerializer();
        return (IEnumerable<Product>)serializer.Deserialize(stream);
    }
}

public IEnumerable<Product> GetCachedProducts()
{
    var fullPath = Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, "ProductCache.xml");
    if (!File.Exists(fullPath))
        return new Product[0];
         
    using (var stream = File.Read(fullPath))
    {
        var serializer = new XmlSerializer();
        return (IEnumerable<Product>)serializer.Deserialize(stream);
    }
}

IEnumerable<Product> GetProducts()

IEnumerable<Product> GetCachedProducts()

public class UserRepository : IUserRepository
{
    public IList<User> Search(string value)
    {
        try
        {
              return CreateConnectionAndACommandAndReturnAList("WHERE value=@value", Parameter.New("value", value));
        }
        catch (SqlException err)
        {
             var msg = String.Format("Ohh no!  Failed to search after users with '{0}' as search string", value);
             throw new DataSourceException(msg, err);
        }
    }
}

public void PrintName(string name)
{
     Console.WriteLine(name);
}

public void PrintName(string name)
{
    if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("name");
     
     Console.WriteLine(name);
}

public void PrintName(string name)
{
    if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("name");
    if (name.Length < 5 || name.Length > 10) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("name", name, "Name must be between 5 or 10 characters long");
    if (name.Any(x => !char.IsAlphaNumeric(x)) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("name", name, "May only contain alpha numerics");
     
     Console.WriteLine(name);
}

public User GetUser(int id)
{
}

var user = datasource.GetUser(userId);
if (user == null)
    throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to find user: " + userId);
// actual logic here

public User GetUser(int id)
{
    if (id <= 0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("id", id, "Valid ids are from 1 and above. Do you have a parsing error somewhere?");
    
    var user = db.Execute<User>("WHERE Id = ?", id);
    if (user == null)
        throw new EntityNotFoundException("Failed to find user with id " + id);
        
    return user;
}

try
{
    FutileAttemptToResist();
}
catch (BorgException err)
{
     _myDearLog.Error("I'm in da cube! Ohh no!", err);
    throw err;
}

try
{
    GreaseTinMan();
}
catch (InvalidOperationException err)
{
    throw new TooScaredLion("The Lion was not in the m00d", err); //<---- استثناء اصلی بهتر است به استثناء جدید پاس داده شود
}

try
{
   socket.Connect("somethingawful.com", 80);
}
catch (SocketException err)
{
    throw new InvalidOperationException("Socket failed", err);  
}

void IncreaseStatusForUser(int userId, int newStatus)
{
    try
    {
         var user  = _repository.Get(userId);
         if (user == null)
             throw new UpdateException(string.Format("Failed to find user #{0} when trying to increase status to {1}", userId, newStatus));
    
         user.Status = newStatus;
         _repository.Save(user);
    }
   catch (DataSourceException err)
   {
       var errMsg = string.Format("Failed to find modify user #{0} when trying to increase status to {1}", userId, newStatus);
        throw new UpdateException(errMsg, err);
   }

public NewException()
public NewException(string description )
public NewException(string description, Exception inner)
protected or private NewException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)

“The given key was not present in the dictionary.”

“The key ‘abrakadabra’ was not present in the dictionary.”

public class SampleException : Exception
{
    public SampleException(string description)
        : base(description)
    {
        if (description == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("description");
    }
 
    public SampleException(string description, Exception inner)
        : base(description, inner)
    {
        if (description == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("description");
        if (inner == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("inner");
    }
 
    public SampleException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        : base(info, context)
    {
    }
}

public class HttpException : Exception
{
    System.Net.HttpStatusCode _statusCode;
     
    public HttpException(System.Net.HttpStatusCode statusCode, string description)
        : base(description)
    {
        if (description == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("description");
        _statusCode = statusCode;
    }
 
    public HttpException(System.Net.HttpStatusCode statusCode, string description, Exception inner)
        : base(description, inner)
    {
        if (description == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("description");
        if (inner == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("inner");
        _statusCode = statusCode;
    }
 
    public HttpException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        : base(info, context)
    {
    }
     
    public System.Net.HttpStatusCode StatusCode { get; private set; }
 
}

public override string Message
{
        get { return base.Message + "\r\nStatus code: " + StatusCode; }
}

public class HttpException : Exception
{
    // [...]
 
    public HttpException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        : base(info, context)
    {
        // this is new
        StatusCode = (HttpStatusCode) info.GetInt32("HttpStatusCode");
    }
 
    public HttpStatusCode StatusCode { get; private set; }
 
    public override string Message
    {
        get { return base.Message + "\r\nStatus code: " + StatusCode; }
    }
 
    // this is new
    public override void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
    {
        base.GetObjectData(info, context);
        info.AddValue("HttpStatusCode", (int) StatusCode);
    }
}

throw new Exception("Unknown FaileType");
throw new Exception("Unecpected workingDirectory");

"Unecpected workingDirectory"

namespace CS9Features
{
    using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

    internal static class TestModuleInitializer
    {
        [ModuleInitializer]
        public static void MyModuleInitializer()
        {
            // put your module initializer here
        }
    }
}

namespace CS9Features
{
    using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

    internal static class TestModuleInitializer
    {
        [ModuleInitializer]
        public static void MyModuleInitializer1()
        {
            // put your module initializer here
        }

        [ModuleInitializer]
        public static void MyModuleInitializer2()
        {
            // put your module initializer here
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Linq;
using Raven.Client.Document;
using RavenDBSample01.Models;

namespace RavenDBSample01
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (var store = new DocumentStore
            {
                Url = "http://localhost:8080"
            }.Initialize())
            {
                using (var session = store.OpenSession())
                {
                    var questions = session.Query<Question>().Where(x => x.Title.StartsWith("Raven"));
                    foreach (var question in questions)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(question.Title);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Available commands: cls, reset, gc, q
Request #   1: GET     -   179 ms - <system>   - 404 - /docs/Raven/Replication/Destinations
Request #   2: GET     - 3,818 ms - <system>   - 200 - /indexes/dynamic/Questions?&query=Title%3ARaven*&pageSize=128
        Query: Title:Raven*
        Time: 3,494 ms
        Index: Auto/Questions/ByTitle
        Results: 2 returned out of 2 total.

var questions = session.Query<Question>().Where(x => x.Title.StartsWith("Raven")).Take(128);

var questions = session.Advanced.LuceneQuery<Question>().Where("Title:Raven*").ToList();

var questions = session.Advanced.LuceneQuery<Question>().WhereStartsWith(x => x.Title, "Raven").ToList();

var query = session.Query<User>().Where(x => x.Name.StartsWith("A"));
var ageQuery = query.Where(x => x.Age > 21);
var eyeQuery = query.Where(x => x.EyeColor == "blue");

query - Name:A*
ageQuery - (Name:A*) AND (Age_Range:{Ix21 TO NULL})
eyeQuery - (Name:A*) AND (EyeColor:blue)

var luceneQuery = session.Advanced.LuceneQuery<User>().WhereStartsWith(x => x.Name, "A");
var ageLuceneQuery = luceneQuery.WhereGreaterThan(x => x.Age, 21);
var eyeLuceneQuery = luceneQuery.WhereEquals(x => x.EyeColor, "blue");

luceneQuery - Name:A* 
ageLuceneQuery - Name:A* Age_Range:{Ix21 TO NULL}
eyeLuceneQuery - Name:A* Age_Range:{Ix21 TO NULL} EyeColor:blue

session.Advanced.LuceneQuery<User>().UsingDefaultOperator(QueryOperator.And);

using System;
using System.Linq;
using Raven.Client.Document;
using RavenDBSample01.Models;

namespace RavenDBSample01
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (var store = new DocumentStore
            {
                Url = "http://localhost:8080"
            }.Initialize())
            {
                using (var session = store.OpenSession())
                {
                    int pageNumber = 0;
                    int resultsPerPage = 2;

                    var questions = session.Query<Question>()
                                           .Where(x => x.Title.StartsWith("Raven"))
                                           .Skip(pageNumber * resultsPerPage)
                                           .Take(resultsPerPage);
                    foreach (var question in questions)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(question.Title);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Linq;
using Raven.Client.Document;
using RavenDBSample01.Models;
using Raven.Client;

namespace RavenDBSample01
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (var store = new DocumentStore
            {
                Url = "http://localhost:8080"
            }.Initialize())
            {
                using (var session = store.OpenSession())
                {
                    int pageNumber = 0;
                    int resultsPerPage = 2;
                    RavenQueryStatistics stats;
                    var questions = session.Query<Question>()
                                           .Statistics(out stats)
                                           .Where(x => x.Title.StartsWith("Raven"))
                                           .Skip(pageNumber * resultsPerPage)
                                           .Take(resultsPerPage);
                    foreach (var question in questions)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(question.Title);
                    }

                    Console.WriteLine("TotalResults: {0}", stats.TotalResults);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

var list = session.Query<Question>().Where(q => q.By.In<string>(arrayOfUsers))).ToArray()

 SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE data IN (1, 2, 3)

    public class UserProfile
    {
        public int UserProfileId { get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set; }

        public virtual Cartable Cartable { get; set; }
    }

    public class Cartable
    {
        public int CartableId { get; set; }

        public virtual UserProfile UserProfile { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyDBDataContext : DbContext
    {
        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=testdb2;Integrated Security = true");
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<Cartable>(entity =>
            {
                entity.Property(e => e.CartableId).ValueGeneratedNever();

                entity.HasOne(d => d.UserProfile)
                    .WithOne(p => p.Cartable)
                    .HasForeignKey<Cartable>(d => d.CartableId);
            });
        }

        public virtual DbSet<Cartable> Cartables { get; set; }
        public virtual DbSet<UserProfile> UserProfiles { get; set; }
    }

    public class Cartable
    {
        [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.None)]
        public int CartableId { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey("CartableId")]
        [InverseProperty("Cartable")]
        public virtual UserProfile UserProfile { get; set; }
    }

    public class UserProfile
    {
        public int UserProfileId { get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set; }

        [InverseProperty("UserProfile")]
        public virtual Cartable Cartable { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyBlog
    {
        public int MyBlogId { get; set; }
        public string Url { get; set; }

        public MyBlogImage MyBlogImage { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyBlogImage
    {
        public int MyBlogImageId { get; set; }
        public byte[] Image { get; set; }
        public string Caption { get; set; }

        public int MyBlogForeignKey { get; set; }
        public MyBlog MyBlog { get; set; }
    }

modelBuilder.Entity<MyBlog>()
   .HasOne(p => p.MyBlogImage)
   .WithOne(i => i.MyBlog)
   .HasForeignKey<MyBlogImage>(b => b.MyBlogForeignKey);

        public string TestNoneAsync()
        {
            var webClient = new WebClient();
            return webClient.DownloadString("http://www.google.com");
        }

        public void TestAsync()
        {
            var webClient = new WebClient();
            webClient.DownloadStringAsync(new Uri("http://www.google.com"));
            webClient.DownloadStringCompleted += webClientDownloadStringCompleted;
        }

        void webClientDownloadStringCompleted(object sender, DownloadStringCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            // use e.Result
        }

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Async02
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btnGetInfo_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            var req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://www.google.com");
            req.Method = "HEAD";
            req.BeginGetResponse(
                asyncResult =>
                {
                    var resp = (HttpWebResponse)req.EndGetResponse(asyncResult);
                    var headersText = formatHeaders(resp.Headers);
                    txtResults.Text = headersText;
                }, null);
        }

        private string formatHeaders(WebHeaderCollection headers)
        {
            var headerString = headers.Keys.Cast<string>()
                                      .Select(header => string.Format("{0}:{1}", header, headers[header]));
            return string.Join(Environment.NewLine, headerString.ToArray());
        }
    }
}

 An exception of type 'System.InvalidOperationException' occurred in System.Windows.Forms.dll but was not handled in user code
Additional information: Cross-thread operation not valid: Control 'txtResults' accessed from a thread other than the thread it was created on.

        private void btnGetInfo_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            var sync = SynchronizationContext.Current;
            var req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://www.google.com");
            req.Method = "HEAD";
            req.BeginGetResponse(
                asyncResult =>
                {
                    var resp = (HttpWebResponse)req.EndGetResponse(asyncResult);
                    var headersText = formatHeaders(resp.Headers);
                    sync.Post(delegate { txtResults.Text = headersText; }, null);
                }, null);
        }

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Async01
{
    public class AsyncExample
    {
        public async Task DoWorkAsync(int parameter)
        {
            await Task.Delay(parameter);
            Console.WriteLine(parameter);
        }
    }
}

        public async Task<double> GetNumberAsync()
        {
            var generator = new Random();
            await Task.Delay(generator.Next(1000));

            return generator.NextDouble();
        }

        public async Task<double> GetSumAsync()
        {
            var leftOperand = await GetNumberAsync();
            var rightOperand = await GetNumberAsync();

            return leftOperand + rightOperand;
        }

        public async Task<double> GetProductOfSumAsync()
        {
            var leftOperand = GetSumAsync();
            var rightOperand = GetSumAsync();

            return await leftOperand * await rightOperand;
        }

 Operator '*' cannot be applied to operands of type 'System.Threading.Tasks.Task<double>' and 'System.Threading.Tasks.Task<double>'

        public async Task<string> DownloadAsync()
        {
            var webClient = new WebClient();
            return await webClient.DownloadStringTaskAsync("http://www.google.com");
        }

        public void TestDownloadAsync()
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("Before DownloadAsync");
            DownloadAsync();
            Debug.WriteLine("After DownloadAsync");
        }

 Before DownloadAsync
After DownloadAsync

 PM> Install-Package Microsoft.Bcl.Async

// <![CDATA[
function substituteCharInFireFox(charCode, e) {
   var keyEvt = document.createEvent("KeyboardEvent");
   keyEvt.initKeyEvent("keypress", true, true, null, false, false, false, false, 0, charCode);
   e.target.dispatchEvent(keyEvt);
   e.preventDefault();
}

function substituteCharInChrome(charCode, e) {
   //it does not work yet! /*$.browser.webkit*/
   //https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16735
   var keyEvt = document.createEvent("KeyboardEvent");
   keyEvt.initKeyboardEvent("keypress", true, true, null, false, false, false, false, 0, charCode);
   e.target.dispatchEvent(keyEvt);
   e.preventDefault();
}

function insertAtCaret(myValue, e) {
   var obj = e.target;
   var startPos = obj.selectionStart;
   var endPos = obj.selectionEnd;
   var scrollTop = obj.scrollTop;
   obj.value = obj.value.substring(0, startPos) + myValue + obj.value.substring(endPos, obj.value.length);
   obj.focus();
   obj.selectionStart = startPos + myValue.length;
   obj.selectionEnd = startPos + myValue.length;
   obj.scrollTop = scrollTop;
   e.preventDefault();
}

$(document).ready(function () {
   $(document).keypress(function (e) {

       var keyCode = e.keyCode ? e.keyCode : e.which;
       var arabicYeCharCode = 1610;
       var persianYeCharCode = 1740;
       var arabicKeCharCode = 1603;
       var persianKeCharCode = 1705;

       if ($.browser.msie) {
           switch (keyCode) {
               case arabicYeCharCode:
                   event.keyCode = persianYeCharCode;
                   break;
               case arabicKeCharCode:
                   event.keyCode = persianKeCharCode;
                   break;
           }
       }
       else if ($.browser.mozilla) {
           switch (keyCode) {
               case arabicYeCharCode:
                   substituteCharInFireFox(persianYeCharCode, e);
                   break;
               case arabicKeCharCode:
                   substituteCharInFireFox(persianKeCharCode, e);
                   break;
           }
       }
       else {
           switch (keyCode) {
               case arabicYeCharCode:
                   insertAtCaret(String.fromCharCode(persianYeCharCode), e);
                   break;
               case arabicKeCharCode:
                   insertAtCaret(String.fromCharCode(persianKeCharCode), e);
                   break;
           }
       }
   });
});
// ]]>

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