import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
@Injectable({
    providedIn: 'root'
})
export class MyCoreService { }

@Injectable({
    providedIn: 'root',
    useClass: LazyFlightCancellingService,
    deps: [NgModuleFactoryLoader, Injector] 
})
export class FlightCancellingService { }

PM> Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Samples -Pre

public partial class Startup
{
    public void ConfigureAuth(IAppBuilder app)
    {
        // Enable the application to use a cookie to 
        // store information for the signed in user
        app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions
        {
            AuthenticationType = DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie,
            LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login")
        });

        // Use a cookie to temporarily store information about a 
        // user logging in with a third party login provider
        app.UseExternalSignInCookie(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie);

        // Uncomment the following lines to enable logging 
        // in with third party login providers
        //app.UseMicrosoftAccountAuthentication(
        //    clientId: "",
        //    clientSecret: "");

        //app.UseTwitterAuthentication(
        //   consumerKey: "",
        //   consumerSecret: "");
 
        //app.UseFacebookAuthentication(
        //   appId: "",
        //   appSecret: "");

        //app.UseGoogleAuthentication();
    }
}

public partial class Startup {
    public void ConfigureAuth(IAppBuilder app) {
        // Configure the db context, user manager and role 
        // manager to use a single instance per request
        app.CreatePerOwinContext(ApplicationDbContext.Create);
        app.CreatePerOwinContext<ApplicationUserManager>(ApplicationUserManager.Create);
        app.CreatePerOwinContext<ApplicationRoleManager>(ApplicationRoleManager.Create);

        // Enable the application to use a cookie to store information for the 
        // signed in user and to use a cookie to temporarily store information 
        // about a user logging in with a third party login provider 
        // Configure the sign in cookie
        app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions {
            AuthenticationType = DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie,
            LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login"),
            Provider = new CookieAuthenticationProvider {
                // Enables the application to validate the security stamp when the user 
                // logs in. This is a security feature which is used when you 
                // change a password or add an external login to your account.  
                OnValidateIdentity = SecurityStampValidator
                    .OnValidateIdentity<ApplicationUserManager, ApplicationUser>(
                    validateInterval: TimeSpan.FromMinutes(30),
                    regenerateIdentity: (manager, user) 
                    => user.GenerateUserIdentityAsync(manager))
            }
        });

        app.UseExternalSignInCookie(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie);

        // Enables the application to temporarily store user information when 
        // they are verifying the second factor in the two-factor authentication process.
        app.UseTwoFactorSignInCookie(
            DefaultAuthenticationTypes.TwoFactorCookie, 
            TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5));

        // Enables the application to remember the second login verification factor such 
        // as phone or email. Once you check this option, your second step of 
        // verification during the login process will be remembered on the device where 
        // you logged in from. This is similar to the RememberMe option when you log in.
        app.UseTwoFactorRememberBrowserCookie(
            DefaultAuthenticationTypes.TwoFactorRememberBrowserCookie);

        // Uncomment the following lines to enable logging in 
        // with third party login providers
        //app.UseMicrosoftAccountAuthentication(
        //    clientId: "",
        //    clientSecret: "");

        //app.UseTwitterAuthentication(
        //   consumerKey: "",
        //   consumerSecret: "");

        //app.UseFacebookAuthentication(
        //   appId: "",
        //   appSecret: "");

        //app.UseGoogleAuthentication();
    }
}

public class IdentityUser : IUser
{
    public IdentityUser();
    public IdentityUser(string userName);

    public virtual string Id { get; set; }
    public virtual string UserName { get; set; }

    public virtual ICollection<IdentityUserRole> Roles { get; }
    public virtual ICollection<IdentityUserClaim> Claims { get; }
    public virtual ICollection<IdentityUserLogin> Logins { get; }

    public virtual string PasswordHash { get; set; }
    public virtual string SecurityStamp { get; set; }
}

public class ApplicationUser : IdentityUser {
    public async Task<ClaimsIdentity> GenerateUserIdentityAsync(
        UserManager<ApplicationUser> manager) {
        // Note the authenticationType must match the one 
        // defined in CookieAuthenticationOptions.AuthenticationType
        var userIdentity = 
            await manager.CreateIdentityAsync(this, 
                DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);

        // Add custom user claims here
        return userIdentity;
    }
}

public class IdentityUser<TKey, TLogin, TRole, TClaim> : IUser<TKey>
    where TLogin : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserLogin<TKey>
    where TRole : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserRole<TKey>
    where TClaim : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserClaim<TKey>
{
    public IdentityUser();

    // Used to record failures for the purposes of lockout
    public virtual int AccessFailedCount { get; set; }
    // Navigation property for user claims
    public virtual ICollection<TClaim> Claims { get; }
    // Email
    public virtual string Email { get; set; }
    // True if the email is confirmed, default is false
    public virtual bool EmailConfirmed { get; set; }
    // User ID (Primary Key)
    public virtual TKey Id { get; set; }
    // Is lockout enabled for this user
    public virtual bool LockoutEnabled { get; set; }
    // DateTime in UTC when lockout ends, any 
    // time in the past is considered not locked out.
    public virtual DateTime? LockoutEndDateUtc { get; set; }

    // Navigation property for user logins
    public virtual ICollection<TLogin> Logins { get; }
    // The salted/hashed form of the user password
    public virtual string PasswordHash { get; set; }
    // PhoneNumber for the user
    public virtual string PhoneNumber { get; set; }
    // True if the phone number is confirmed, default is false
    public virtual bool PhoneNumberConfirmed { get; set; }
    // Navigation property for user roles
    public virtual ICollection<TRole> Roles { get; }

    // A random value that should change whenever a users 
    // credentials have changed (password changed, login removed)
    public virtual string SecurityStamp { get; set; }
    // Is two factor enabled for the user
    public virtual bool TwoFactorEnabled { get; set; }
    // User name
    public virtual string UserName { get; set; }
}

public class IdentityUser<TKey, TLogin, TRole, TClaim> : IUser<TKey>
    where TLogin : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserLogin<TKey>
    where TRole : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserRole<TKey>
    where TClaim : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserClaim<TKey>

public virtual TKey Id { get; set; }

public virtual ICollection<TRole> Roles { get; }

public class IdentityUserRole 
{
      public IdentityUserRole();
      public virtual IdentityRole Role { get; set; }
      public virtual string RoleId { get; set; }
      public virtual IdentityUser User { get; set; }
      public virtual string UserId { get; set; }
}

public class IdentityUserRole<TKey> 
{
    public IdentityUserRole();
    public virtual TKey RoleId { get; set; }
    public virtual TKey UserId { get; set; }
}

public class ApplicationUserManager : UserManager<ApplicationUser>
{
    public ApplicationUserManager(IUserStore<ApplicationUser> store)
        : base(store)
    {
    }

    public static ApplicationUserManager Create(
        IdentityFactoryOptions<ApplicationUserManager> options, 
        IOwinContext context)
    {
        var manager = new ApplicationUserManager(
            new UserStore<ApplicationUser>(
                context.Get<ApplicationDbContext>()));

        // Configure validation logic for usernames
        manager.UserValidator = 
            new UserValidator<ApplicationUser>(manager)
        {
            AllowOnlyAlphanumericUserNames = false,
            RequireUniqueEmail = true
        };

        // Configure validation logic for passwords
        manager.PasswordValidator = new PasswordValidator
        {
            RequiredLength = 6, 
            RequireNonLetterOrDigit = true,
            RequireDigit = true,
            RequireLowercase = true,
            RequireUppercase = true,
        };

        // Configure user lockout defaults
        manager.UserLockoutEnabledByDefault = true;
        manager.DefaultAccountLockoutTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5);
        manager.MaxFailedAccessAttemptsBeforeLockout = 5;

        // Register two factor authentication providers. This application uses 
        // Phone and Emails as a step of receiving a code for verifying 
        // the user You can write your own provider and plug in here.
        manager.RegisterTwoFactorProvider("PhoneCode", 
            new PhoneNumberTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>
        {
            MessageFormat = "Your security code is: {0}"
        });

        manager.RegisterTwoFactorProvider("EmailCode", 
            new EmailTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>
        {
            Subject = "SecurityCode",
            BodyFormat = "Your security code is {0}"
        });

        manager.EmailService = new EmailService();
        manager.SmsService = new SmsService();

        var dataProtectionProvider = options.DataProtectionProvider;

        if (dataProtectionProvider != null)
        {
            manager.UserTokenProvider = 
                new DataProtectorTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>(
                    dataProtectionProvider.Create("ASP.NET Identity"));
        }

        return manager;
    }

    public virtual async Task<IdentityResult> AddUserToRolesAsync(
        string userId, IList<string> roles)
    {
        var userRoleStore = (IUserRoleStore<ApplicationUser, string>)Store;
        var user = await FindByIdAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);

        if (user == null)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid user Id");
        }

        var userRoles = await userRoleStore
            .GetRolesAsync(user)
            .ConfigureAwait(false);

        // Add user to each role using UserRoleStore
        foreach (var role in roles.Where(role => !userRoles.Contains(role)))
        {
            await userRoleStore.AddToRoleAsync(user, role).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }

        // Call update once when all roles are added
        return await UpdateAsync(user).ConfigureAwait(false);
    }

    public virtual async Task<IdentityResult> RemoveUserFromRolesAsync(
        string userId, IList<string> roles)
    {
        var userRoleStore = (IUserRoleStore<ApplicationUser, string>) Store;
        var user = await FindByIdAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);

        if (user == null)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid user Id");
        }

        var userRoles = await userRoleStore
            .GetRolesAsync(user)
            .ConfigureAwait(false);

        // Remove user to each role using UserRoleStore
        foreach (var role in roles.Where(userRoles.Contains))
        {
            await userRoleStore
                .RemoveFromRoleAsync(user, role)
                .ConfigureAwait(false);
        }

        // Call update once when all roles are removed
        return await UpdateAsync(user).ConfigureAwait(false);
    }
}

public class ApplicationRoleManager : RoleManager<IdentityRole>
{
    public ApplicationRoleManager(IRoleStore<IdentityRole,string> roleStore)
        : base(roleStore)
    {
    }

    public static ApplicationRoleManager Create(
        IdentityFactoryOptions<ApplicationRoleManager> options, 
        IOwinContext context)
    {
        var manager = new ApplicationRoleManager(
            new RoleStore<IdentityRole>(
                context.Get<ApplicationDbContext>()));

        return manager;
    }
}

public class EmailService : IIdentityMessageService
{
    public Task SendAsync(IdentityMessage message)
    {
        // Plug in your email service here to send an email.
        return Task.FromResult(0);
    }
}

public class SmsService : IIdentityMessageService
{
    public Task SendAsync(IdentityMessage message)
    {
        // Plug in your sms service here to send a text message.
        return Task.FromResult(0);
    }
}

// Register two factor authentication providers. This application uses 
// Phone and Emails as a step of receiving a code for verifying 
// the user You can write your own provider and plug in here.
manager.RegisterTwoFactorProvider("PhoneCode", 
    new PhoneNumberTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>
{
    MessageFormat = "Your security code is: {0}"
});

manager.RegisterTwoFactorProvider("EmailCode", 
    new EmailTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>
{
    Subject = "SecurityCode",
    BodyFormat = "Your security code is {0}"
});

manager.EmailService = new EmailService();
manager.SmsService = new SmsService();

public class SignInHelper
{
    public SignInHelper(
        ApplicationUserManager userManager, 
        IAuthenticationManager authManager)
    {
        UserManager = userManager;
        AuthenticationManager = authManager;
    }

    public ApplicationUserManager UserManager { get; private set; }
    public IAuthenticationManager AuthenticationManager { get; private set; }

    public async Task SignInAsync(
        ApplicationUser user, 
        bool isPersistent, 
        bool rememberBrowser)
    {
        // Clear any partial cookies from external or two factor partial sign ins
        AuthenticationManager.SignOut(
            DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie, 
            DefaultAuthenticationTypes.TwoFactorCookie);

        var userIdentity = await user.GenerateUserIdentityAsync(UserManager);

        if (rememberBrowser)
        {
            var rememberBrowserIdentity = 
                AuthenticationManager.CreateTwoFactorRememberBrowserIdentity(user.Id);

            AuthenticationManager.SignIn(
                new AuthenticationProperties { IsPersistent = isPersistent }, 
                userIdentity, 
                rememberBrowserIdentity);
        }
        else
        {
            AuthenticationManager.SignIn(
                new AuthenticationProperties { IsPersistent = isPersistent }, 
                userIdentity);
        }
    }

    public async Task<bool> SendTwoFactorCode(string provider)
    {
        var userId = await GetVerifiedUserIdAsync();

        if (userId == null)
        {
            return false;
        }

        var token = await UserManager.GenerateTwoFactorTokenAsync(userId, provider);

        // See IdentityConfig.cs to plug in Email/SMS services to actually send the code
        await UserManager.NotifyTwoFactorTokenAsync(userId, provider, token);

        return true;
    }

    public async Task<string> GetVerifiedUserIdAsync()
    {
        var result = await AuthenticationManager.AuthenticateAsync(
            DefaultAuthenticationTypes.TwoFactorCookie);

        if (result != null && result.Identity != null 
            && !String.IsNullOrEmpty(result.Identity.GetUserId()))
        {
            return result.Identity.GetUserId();
        }

        return null;
    }

    public async Task<bool> HasBeenVerified()
    {
        return await GetVerifiedUserIdAsync() != null;
    }

    public async Task<SignInStatus> TwoFactorSignIn(
        string provider, 
        string code, 
        bool isPersistent, 
        bool rememberBrowser)
    {
        var userId = await GetVerifiedUserIdAsync();

        if (userId == null)
        {
            return SignInStatus.Failure;
        }

        var user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(userId);

        if (user == null)
        {
            return SignInStatus.Failure;
        }

        if (await UserManager.IsLockedOutAsync(user.Id))
        {
            return SignInStatus.LockedOut;
        }

        if (await UserManager.VerifyTwoFactorTokenAsync(user.Id, provider, code))
        {
            // When token is verified correctly, clear the access failed 
            // count used for lockout
            await UserManager.ResetAccessFailedCountAsync(user.Id);
            await SignInAsync(user, isPersistent, rememberBrowser);

            return SignInStatus.Success;
        }

        // If the token is incorrect, record the failure which 
        // also may cause the user to be locked out
        await UserManager.AccessFailedAsync(user.Id);

        return SignInStatus.Failure;
    }

    public async Task<SignInStatus> ExternalSignIn(
        ExternalLoginInfo loginInfo, 
        bool isPersistent)
    {
        var user = await UserManager.FindAsync(loginInfo.Login);

        if (user == null)
        {
            return SignInStatus.Failure;
        }

        if (await UserManager.IsLockedOutAsync(user.Id))
        {
            return SignInStatus.LockedOut;
        }

        return await SignInOrTwoFactor(user, isPersistent);
    }

    private async Task<SignInStatus> SignInOrTwoFactor(
        ApplicationUser user, 
        bool isPersistent)
    {
        if (await UserManager.GetTwoFactorEnabledAsync(user.Id) &&
            !await AuthenticationManager.TwoFactorBrowserRememberedAsync(user.Id))
        {
            var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.TwoFactorCookie);
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, user.Id));

            AuthenticationManager.SignIn(identity);
            return SignInStatus.RequiresTwoFactorAuthentication;
        }

        await SignInAsync(user, isPersistent, false);
        return SignInStatus.Success;
    }

    public async Task<SignInStatus> PasswordSignIn(
        string userName, 
        string password, 
        bool isPersistent, 
        bool shouldLockout)
    {
        var user = await UserManager.FindByNameAsync(userName);

        if (user == null)
        {
            return SignInStatus.Failure;
        }

        if (await UserManager.IsLockedOutAsync(user.Id))
        {
            return SignInStatus.LockedOut;
        }

        if (await UserManager.CheckPasswordAsync(user, password))
        {
            return await SignInOrTwoFactor(user, isPersistent);
        }

        if (shouldLockout)
        {
            // If lockout is requested, increment access failed 
            // count which might lock out the user
            await UserManager.AccessFailedAsync(user.Id);

            if (await UserManager.IsLockedOutAsync(user.Id))
            {
                return SignInStatus.LockedOut;
            }
        }

        return SignInStatus.Failure;
    }
}

[HttpPost]
[AllowAnonymous]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<ActionResult> Login(LoginViewModel model, string returnUrl)
{
    if (!ModelState.IsValid)
    {
        return View(model);
    }

    // This doen't count login failures towards lockout only two factor authentication
    // To enable password failures to trigger lockout, change to shouldLockout: true
    var result = await SignInHelper.PasswordSignIn(
        model.Email, 
        model.Password, 
        model.RememberMe, 
        shouldLockout: false);

    switch (result)
    {
        case SignInStatus.Success:
            return RedirectToLocal(returnUrl);
        case SignInStatus.LockedOut:
            return View("Lockout");
        case SignInStatus.RequiresTwoFactorAuthentication:
            return RedirectToAction("SendCode", new { ReturnUrl = returnUrl });
        case SignInStatus.Failure:
        default:
            ModelState.AddModelError("", "Invalid login attempt.");

            return View(model);
    }
}

[HttpPost]
[AllowAnonymous]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<ActionResult> Login(LoginViewModel model, string returnUrl)
{
    if (ModelState.IsValid)
    {
        var user = await UserManager.FindAsync(model.UserName, model.Password);

        if (user != null)
        {
            await SignInAsync(user, model.RememberMe);
            return RedirectToLocal(returnUrl);
        }
        else
        {
            ModelState.AddModelError("", "Invalid username or password.");
        }
    }

    // If we got this far, something failed, redisplay form
    return View(model);
}

private async Task SignInAsync(ApplicationUser user, bool isPersistent)
{
    AuthenticationManager.SignOut(
        DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie);

    var identity = await UserManager.CreateIdentityAsync(
        user, DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);

    AuthenticationManager.SignIn(
        new AuthenticationProperties() { IsPersistent = isPersistent }, identity);
}

public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser> {
    public ApplicationDbContext()
        : base("DefaultConnection", throwIfV1Schema: false) {
    }

    static ApplicationDbContext() {
        // Set the database intializer which is run once during application start
        // This seeds the database with admin user credentials and admin role
        Database.SetInitializer<ApplicationDbContext>(new ApplicationDbInitializer());
    }

    public static ApplicationDbContext Create() {
        return new ApplicationDbContext();
    }
}

public class ApplicationDbInitializer 
    : DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<ApplicationDbContext> 
{
    protected override void Seed(ApplicationDbContext context) 
    {
        InitializeIdentityForEF(context);
        base.Seed(context);
    }

    public static void InitializeIdentityForEF(ApplicationDbContext db) 
    {
        var userManager = HttpContext
            .Current.GetOwinContext()
            .GetUserManager<ApplicationUserManager>();

        var roleManager = HttpContext.Current
            .GetOwinContext()
            .Get<ApplicationRoleManager>();

        const string name = "admin@admin.com";
        const string password = "Admin@123456";
        const string roleName = "Admin";

        //Create Role Admin if it does not exist
        var role = roleManager.FindByName(roleName);

        if (role == null) 
        {
            role = new IdentityRole(roleName);
            var roleresult = roleManager.Create(role);
        }

        var user = userManager.FindByName(name);

        if (user == null) 
        {
            user = new ApplicationUser { UserName = name, Email = name };

            var result = userManager.Create(user, password);
            result = userManager.SetLockoutEnabled(user.Id, false);
        }

        // Add user admin to Role Admin if not already added
        var rolesForUser = userManager.GetRoles(user.Id);

        if (!rolesForUser.Contains(role.Name)) 
        {
            var result = userManager.AddToRole(user.Id, role.Name);
        }
    }
}

{
    "dependencies": {
        "Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.SqlServer": "1.1.0"
    },
    "tools": {
        "Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.SqlConfig.Tools": "1.1.0-preview4-final"
    }
}

 dotnet sql-cache create "Data Source=(localdb)\MSSQLLocalDB;Initial Catalog=sql_cache;Integrated Security=True;" "dbo" "AppSqlCache"

CREATE TABLE AppSqlCache (
    Id                         NVARCHAR (449)  COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CS_AS NOT NULL,
    Value                      VARBINARY (MAX) NOT NULL,
    ExpiresAtTime              DATETIMEOFFSET  NOT NULL,
    SlidingExpirationInSeconds BIGINT          NULL,
    AbsoluteExpiration         DATETIMEOFFSET  NULL,
    CONSTRAINT pk_Id PRIMARY KEY (Id)
);

CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX Index_ExpiresAtTime
    ON AppSqlCache(ExpiresAtTime);

    public class AppSqlCache
    {
        public string Id { get; set; }
        public byte[] Value { get; set; }
        public DateTimeOffset ExpiresAtTime { get; set; }
        public long? SlidingExpirationInSeconds { get; set; }
        public DateTimeOffset? AbsoluteExpiration { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyDBDataContext : DbContext
    {
        public virtual DbSet<AppSqlCache> AppSqlCache { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<AppSqlCache>(entity =>
            {
                entity.ToTable(name: "AppSqlCache", schema: "dbo");
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.ExpiresAtTime).HasName("Index_ExpiresAtTime");
                entity.Property(e => e.Id).HasMaxLength(449);
                entity.Property(e => e.Value).IsRequired();
            });
        }
    }

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddDistributedSqlServerCache(options =>
    {
        options.ConnectionString = @"Data Source=(localdb)\MSSQLLocalDB;Initial Catalog=sql_cache;Integrated Security=True;";
        options.SchemaName = "dbo";
        options.TableName = "AppSqlCache";
    });

public IActionResult Index()
{
   HttpContext.Session.SetString("User", "VahidN");
   return Json(true);
}

public IActionResult About()
{
   var userContent = HttpContext.Session.GetString("User");
   return Json(userContent);
}

 services.Add(ServiceDescriptor.Singleton<IDistributedCache, SqlServerCache>());

using System;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Distributed;
 
namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers
{
    public class CacheTestController : Controller
    {
        readonly IDistributedCache _cache;
        public CacheTestController(IDistributedCache cache)
        {
            _cache = cache;
        }
 
        public IActionResult SetCacheData()
        {
            var time = DateTime.Now.ToLocalTime().ToString();
            var cacheOptions = new DistributedCacheEntryOptions
            {
                AbsoluteExpiration = DateTime.Now.AddYears(1)
 
            };
            _cache.Set("Time", Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(time), cacheOptions);
            return View();
        }
 
        public IActionResult GetCacheData()
        {
            var time = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(_cache.Get("Time"));
            ViewBag.data = time;
            return View();
        }
 
        public bool RemoveCacheData()
        {
            _cache.Remove("Time");
            return true;
        }
    }
}

  Value  VARBINARY (MAX) NOT NULL,

  public byte[] Value { get; set; }

<distributed-cache name="MyCacheItem2" expires-sliding="TimeSpan.FromMinutes(30)">
    <p>From distributed-cache</p>
    @DateTime.Now.ToString()
</distributed-cache>

[ServiceContract]
public interface IService1
{
    [OperationContract]
    Payment InsertPayment();
    [OperationContract]
    void DeletePayment(Payment payment);
}

public class Service1 : IService1
{
    public Payment InsertPayment()
    {
        using (var context = new EFRecipesEntities())
        {
            // delete the previous test data
            context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand("delete from [payments]");
            context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand("delete from [invoices]");
            var payment = new Payment { Amount = 99.95M, Invoice =
                new Invoice { Description = "Auto Repair" } };
            context.Payments.Add(payment);
            context.SaveChanges();
            return payment;
        }
    }

    public void DeletePayment(Payment payment)
    {
        using (var context = new EFRecipesEntities())
        {
            context.Entry(payment).State = EntityState.Deleted;
            context.SaveChanges();
        }
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var client = new Service1Client();
        var payment = client.InsertPayment();
        client.DeletePayment(payment);
    }
}

services.AddOptions<BearerTokensOptions>()
           .Bind(configuration.GetSection("BearerTokens"))
           .Validate(bearerTokens =>
          {
                 return bearerTokens.AccessTokenExpirationMinutes < bearerTokens.RefreshTokenExpirationMinutes;
          }, "RefreshTokenExpirationMinutes is less than AccessTokenExpirationMinutes. Obtaining new tokens using the refresh token should happen only if the access token has expired.");

{
  "ApiSettings": {
    "AllowedEndpoints": [
      {
        "Name": "Service 1",
        "Timeout": 30,
        "Url": "http://service1.site.com"
      },
      {
        "Name": "Service 2",
        "Timeout": 10,
        "Url": "https://service2.site.com"
      }
    ]
  }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace FluentValidationSample.Models
{
    public class AllowedEndpoint
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Timeout { get; set; }
        public Uri Url { get; set; }
    }

    public class ApiSettings
    {
        public IEnumerable<AllowedEndpoint> AllowedEndpoints { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace FluentValidationSample.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.Configure<ApiSettings>(Configuration.GetSection(nameof(ApiSettings)));

using System;
using System.Linq;
using FluentValidation;
using FluentValidationSample.Models;

namespace FluentValidationSample.ModelsValidations
{
    public class ApiSettingsValidator : AbstractValidator<ApiSettings>
    {
        public ApiSettingsValidator()
        {
            RuleFor(apiSetting => apiSetting).NotNull()
            .WithMessage("مدخل ApiSettings تعریف نشده‌است.");

            RuleFor(apiSetting => apiSetting.AllowedEndpoints).NotNull().NotEmpty()
            .WithMessage("مدخل AllowedEndpoints تعریف نشده‌است.");

            When(apiSetting => apiSetting.AllowedEndpoints != null,
            () =>
                {
                    RuleFor(apiSetting => apiSetting.AllowedEndpoints)
                        .Must(endpoints => endpoints.GroupBy(endpoint => endpoint.Name).Count() == endpoints.Count())
                        .WithMessage("نام‌های سرویس‌ها باید منحصربفرد باشند.");

                    RuleFor(apiSetting => apiSetting.AllowedEndpoints)
                        .Must(endpoints => !endpoints.Any(endpoint => endpoint.Timeout > 90 || endpoint.Timeout < 1))
                        .WithMessage("مقدار timeout باید بین 1 و 90 باشد");

                    RuleFor(apiSetting => apiSetting.AllowedEndpoints)
                        .Must(endpoints => endpoints.GroupBy(endpoint => endpoint.Url.ToString().ToLower()).Count() == endpoints.Count())
                        .WithMessage("آدرس‌های سرویس‌ها باید منحصربفرد باشند.");

                    RuleFor(apiSetting => apiSetting.AllowedEndpoints)
                        .Must(endpoints => endpoints.All(endpoint => endpoint.Url.Scheme.Equals("https", StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase)))
                        .WithMessage("تمام آدرس‌ها باید HTTPS باشند.");
                });
        }
    }
}

services.AddOptions<BearerTokensOptions>()
           .Bind(configuration.GetSection("BearerTokens"))
           .Validate(bearerTokens =>
          {
                 return bearerTokens.AccessTokenExpirationMinutes < bearerTokens.RefreshTokenExpirationMinutes;
          }, "RefreshTokenExpirationMinutes is less than AccessTokenExpirationMinutes. Obtaining new tokens using the refresh token should happen only if the access token has expired.");

namespace Microsoft.Extensions.Options
{
    public interface IValidateOptions<TOptions> where TOptions : class
    {
        ValidateOptionsResult Validate(string name, TOptions options);
    }
}

using System.Linq;
using FluentValidation;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;

namespace FluentValidationSample.ModelsValidations
{
    public class AppConfigValidator<TOptions> : IValidateOptions<TOptions> where TOptions : class
    {
        private readonly IValidator<TOptions> _validator;

        public AppConfigValidator(IValidator<TOptions> validator)
        {
            _validator = validator;
        }

        public ValidateOptionsResult Validate(string name, TOptions options)
        {
            if (options is null)
            {
                return ValidateOptionsResult.Fail("Configuration object is null.");
            }

            var validationResult = _validator.Validate(options);
            return validationResult.IsValid
                ? ValidateOptionsResult.Success
                : ValidateOptionsResult.Fail(validationResult.Errors.Select(error => error.ToString()));
        }
    }
}

namespace FluentValidationSample.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.Configure<ApiSettings>(Configuration.GetSection(nameof(ApiSettings)));
            services.AddTransient<IValidateOptions<ApiSettings>, AppConfigValidator<ApiSettings>>();

namespace FluentValidationSample.Web.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        private readonly IUsersService _usersService;
        private readonly ApiSettings _apiSettings;

        public HomeController(IUsersService usersService, IOptions<ApiSettings> apiSettings)
        {
            _usersService = usersService;
            _apiSettings = apiSettings.Value;
        }

An unhandled exception occurred while processing the request.
OptionsValidationException: تمام آدرس‌ها باید HTTPS باشند.

public int CalculateElapsedDays(DateTime from)
{
   DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
   return (now - from).Days;
}

 public static int CalculateElapsedDays(DateTime from, DateTime now) => (now - from).Days;

public int Divide(int numerator, int denominator)
{
   return numerator / denominator;
}

var result = Divide(1,0);

public static int Divide(int numerator, NonZeroInt denominator)
{
   return numerator / denominator.Value;
}

Func<int, bool> isMod2 = x => x % 2 == 0;
var list = Enumerable.Range(1, 10);
var evenNumbers = list.Where(isMod2);

public static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> ts, Func<T, bool> predicate)
{
   foreach (T t in ts)
      if (predicate(t))
         yield return t;
}