public abstract class BaseEntity
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
}

public class User : BaseEntity
{
   [Index(IsUnique = true)]
   public string EmailAddress { get; set; }
}

    public class UserRating : BaseEntity
    {
        public VoteSectionType SectionType { set; get; }

        public double RatingValue { get; set; }

        public int SectionId { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey("UserId")]
        public virtual User User { set; get; }
        public int UserId { set; get; }
    }

    public class UserRating : BaseEntity
    {
        [Index("IX_Single_UserRating", IsUnique = true, Order = 1)] //کلید منحصربفرد ترکیبی روی سه ستون
        public VoteSectionType SectionType { set; get; }

        public double RatingValue { get; set; }

        [Index("IX_Single_UserRating", IsUnique = true, Order = 2)]
        public int SectionId { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey("UserId")]
        public virtual User User { set; get; }

        [Index("IX_Single_UserRating", IsUnique = true, Order = 3)]
        public int? UserId { set; get; }
    }

 CREATE UNIQUE INDEX [IX_Single_UserRating]
ON [UserRatings] ([SectionType] ASC,[SectionId] ASC,[UserId] ASC);

public class User
    {
        public ShoppingCart ShoppingCart { get; set; }
        public void AddItem(string name) {
            // User class must know how to create OrderItem
            var item = new OrderItem() { Name = name };

            // User class must know how to add item to shopping cart
            ShoppingCart.Items.Add(item);
            
        }
        public void CheckOut() {
            // User class must know logic behind cost and discount calculations:
            // check for discount
            // check shipping method
            // check promotions
            // calculate total cost of items 
        }
    }
    public class OrderItem
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

    }
    public class ShoppingCart
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public List<OrderItem> Items { get; set; }
       
    }

 public class User
    {
        public ShoppingCart ShoppingCart { get; set; }
        
    }
    public class OrderItem
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

    }
    public class ShoppingCart
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public List<OrderItem> Items { get; set; }
        public void AddItem(string name)
        {
            // ShoppingCart class know how to create OrderItem
            var item = new OrderItem() { Name = name };

            // ShoppingCart class already know how to add item 
            Items.Add(item);

        }
        public void CheckOut()
        {
            // ShoppingCart class know logic behind cost and discount calculations:
            // check for discount
            // check shipping method
            // check promotions
            // calculate total cost of items 
        }
    }

public class ShapeWithoutPolymorphism
    {
        public double X { get; set; }
        public double Y { get; set; }
        public double Z { get; set; }
        public double Area(string shapeType)
        {
            switch (shapeType)
            {
                case "square":
                    return X * Y;
                case "rectangle":
                    return X * Y;
                case "trapze":
                    return (X + Z) * Y / 2;
                default:
                    return 0;
            }
        }
    }

  public abstract class Shape
    {
        public double X { get; set; }
        public double Y { get; set; }
        public virtual double Area()
        {
            return X * Y;
        }
    }
    public class Rectangle : Shape
    {
        // No need to override
    }
    public class Square : Shape
    {
        // No need to override
    }
    public class Trapze : Shape
    {
        public double Z { get; set; }
        public override double Area()
        {
            return (X + Z) * Y / 2;

        }
    }

public class User
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set; }
        public string Password { get; set; }
    }

    public class LibraryManagement
    {
        public User CurrentUser { get; set; }
        public void AddBookToLibrary(int bookId)
        {
            // check for CurrentUser authority:
            // not user's responsibility nor LibraryManagement
        }
        public void RearrangeBook(int bookId, int shelfId)
        {
            // check for CurrentUser authority
            // not user's responsibility nor LibraryManagement
        }
    }
    public class UserManagement
    {
        public User CurrentUser { get; set; }
        public void AddUser(string name)
        {
            // check for CurrentUser authority:
            // not user's responsibility nor UserManagement
        }
        public void ChangeUserRole(int userId, int roleId)
        {
            // check for CurrentUser authority
            // not user's responsibility nor UserManagement
        }
    }
    public class AuthorizationService
    {
        public bool IsAuthorized(int userId, int roleId)
        {
            // get user roles from data base
            // return true if user has the authority
        }
    }

    public class Category
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        [StringLength(450)]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public int? ParentId { get; set; }

        public virtual Category Parent { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<Category> Children { get; set; }
    }

    public class CategoryConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<Category>
    {
        public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<Category> builder)
        {
            builder.HasIndex(c => c.ParentId);

            builder.HasOne(c => c.Parent)
                   .WithMany(c => c.Children)
                   .HasForeignKey(c => c.ParentId);
        }
    }

اما در مدل EAV، خواص داینامیک را به درون جدول دومی منتقل خواهیم کرد:

create table EmployeeEav
(
   Id int auto_increment
   primary key
);

create table EmployeeAttributes
(
  Id int auto_increment
  primary key,
  EmployeeId int not null,
  AttributeName text null,
  AttributeValue text null,
  constraint FK_EmployeeAttributes_EmployeeEav_EmployeeId
  foreign key (EmployeeId) references EmployeeEav (Id)
  on delete cascade
);

create index IX_EmployeeAttributes_EmployeeId
on EmployeeAttributes (EmployeeId);

تعریف جداول فوق نیز در Entity Framework به اینصورت خواهند بود:

public class EmployeeEav
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<EmployeeAttribute> Attributes { get; set; }
}

public class EmployeeAttribute
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public virtual EmployeeEav Employee { get; set; }
    public int EmployeeId { get; set; }
    public string AttributeName { get; set; }
    public string AttributeValue { get; set; }
}

public class MyDbContext : DbContext
{

    public DbSet<EmployeeEav> EmployeeEav { get; set; }
    public DbSet<EmployeeAttribute> EmployeeAttributes { get; set; }

    protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
    {
        options.UseMySQL(_configuration.GetConnectionString("DataConnection"));
    }
}

SELECT `e`.`Id`, `e`.`DateOfBirth`, `e`.`FirstName`, `e`.`LastName`
FROM `Employees` AS `e`
WHERE `e`.`DateOfBirth` > @__endDate_0

<system.web>
    <globalization uiCulture="fa-IR" culture="fa-IR" />
</system.web>

protected void Application_BeginRequest()
{
   Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new CultureInfo("fa-IR");
   Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new CultureInfo("fa-IR");
}

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
    app.UseRequestLocalization(new RequestLocalizationOptions
    {
        DefaultRequestCulture = new RequestCulture(new CultureInfo("fa-IR")),
        SupportedCultures = new[]
        {
            new CultureInfo("en-US"),
            new CultureInfo("fa-IR")
        },
        SupportedUICultures = new[]
        {
            new CultureInfo("en-US"),
            new CultureInfo("fa-IR")
        }
    });

 c='en-UK'|uic='en-US'

public IActionResult SetFaLanguage()
{
    Response.Cookies.Append(
        CookieRequestCultureProvider.DefaultCookieName,
        CookieRequestCultureProvider.MakeCookieValue(new RequestCulture(new CultureInfo("fa-IR"))),
        new CookieOptions { Expires = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddYears(1) }
    );
 
    return RedirectToAction("GetTitle");
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddLocalization(options => options.ResourcesPath = "Resources");
    services.AddMvc()
        .AddViewLocalization(LanguageViewLocationExpanderFormat.Suffix)
        .AddDataAnnotationsLocalization();

using System;
using System.Globalization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Localization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Localization;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Localization;
 
namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers
{
    public class TestLocalController : Controller
    {
        private readonly IStringLocalizer<TestLocalController> _stringLocalizer;
        private readonly IHtmlLocalizer<TestLocalController> _htmlLocalizer;
 
        public TestLocalController(
            IStringLocalizer<TestLocalController> stringLocalizer,
            IHtmlLocalizer<TestLocalController> htmlLocalizer)
        {
            _stringLocalizer = stringLocalizer;
            _htmlLocalizer = htmlLocalizer;
        }
 
        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            var name = "DNT";
            var message = _htmlLocalizer["<b>Hello</b><i> {0}</i>", name];
            ViewData["Message"] = message;
            return View();
        }
 
        [HttpGet]
        public string GetTitle()
        {
            var about = _stringLocalizer["About Title"];
            return about;
        }
 
        public IActionResult SetFaLanguage()
        {
            Response.Cookies.Append(
                CookieRequestCultureProvider.DefaultCookieName,
                CookieRequestCultureProvider.MakeCookieValue(new RequestCulture(new CultureInfo("fa-IR"))),
                new CookieOptions { Expires = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddYears(1) }
            );
 
            return RedirectToAction("GetTitle");
        }
    }
}

@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Localization
@inject IViewLocalizer Localizer
 
@{
}
Message @ViewData["Message"]
<br/>
@Localizer["<b>Hello</b><i> {0}</i>", "DNT"]
<br/>
@Localizer["About Title"]

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 
namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.ViewModels.Account
{
    public class RegisterViewModel
    {
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "EmailReq")]
        [EmailAddress(ErrorMessage = "EmailType")]
        [Display(Name = "Email")]
        public string Email { get; set; }
    }
}

// Dummy class to group shared resources
namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest
{
   public class SharedResource
   {
   }
}

 IStringLocalizer<SharedResource> sharedLocalizer

 @inject IHtmlLocalizer<SharedResource> SharedLocalizer

public class DebuggerBrowsableTest
{
    [DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)] // عدم نمایش در زمان دیباگ در پنجره متغیرها
    public string FirstName { get; set; }

    [DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.Collapsed)] // مقدار پیش فرض
    public string LastName { get; set; }

    [DebuggerBrowsable( DebuggerBrowsableState.RootHidden )] // عدم نمایش در زمان دیباگ در پنجره متغیرها
    public string FullName => FirstName + " " + LastName;

    [DebuggerBrowsable( DebuggerBrowsableState.RootHidden )] // تنها در زمانی که یک آرایه یا لیست باشد نمایش داده می‌شود
    public string[] FullNameArray => new string[] { FirstName + " " + LastName };
}

Operator ??

عملگر ??  در صورتی که عملوند سمت چپ آن تهی (null) نباشد، مقدار آن را باز می‌گرداند و در غیر اینصورت مقدار عملوند سمت راست خود را باز می‌گرداند. نوع‌های تهی پذیر (nullable) می‌توانند دارای مقدار و یا به صورت تعریف نشده باشند. عملگر ?? وقتی که یک نوع تهی پذیر به یک نوع غیرتهی پذیر انتساب داده می‌شود، مقدار پیش فرض آن را باز می‌گرداند.

int? x = null;
int y = x ?? -1;
Console.WriteLine("y now equals -1 because x was null => {0}", y);
int i = DefaultValueOperatorTest.GetNullableInt() ?? default(int);
Console.WriteLine("i equals now 0 because GetNullableInt() returned null => {0}", i);
string s = DefaultValueOperatorTest.GetStringValue();
Console.WriteLine("Returns 'Unspecified' because s is null => {0}", s ?? "Unspecified");

 Install-Package MvcAjaxPager

public class Topic
{
   public int Id;
   public string Title;
   public string Text;
}

public class TopicService
{
    public static IEnumerable<Topic> Topics = new List<Topic>() {
       new Topic{Id=1,Title="Title 1",Text= "Text 1"},
       new Topic{Id=2,Title="Title 2",Text="Text 2"},
       new Topic{Id=3,Title="Title 3",Text="Text 3"},
       new Topic{Id=4,Title="Title 4",Text="Text 4"},
       new Topic{Id=5,Title="Title 5",Text="Text 5"},
       new Topic{Id=6,Title="Title 6",Text="Text 6"},
       new Topic{Id=7,Title="Title 7",Text="Text 7"},
       new Topic{Id=8,Title="Title 8",Text="Text 8"},
       new Topic{Id=9,Title="Title 9",Text="Text 9"},
       new Topic{Id=10,Title="Title 10",Text="Text 10"},
       new Topic{Id=11,Title="Title 11",Text="Text 11"},
       new Topic{Id=12,Title="Title 12",Text="Text 12"},
       new Topic{Id=13,Title="Title 13",Text="Text 13"},
       new Topic{Id=14,Title="Title 14",Text="Text 14"},
       new Topic{Id=15,Title="Title 15",Text="Text 15"},
       new Topic{Id=16,Title="Title 16",Text="Text 16"},
       new Topic{Id=17,Title="Title 17",Text="Text 17"},
       new Topic{Id=18,Title="Title 18",Text="Text 18"},
       new Topic{Id=19,Title="Title 19",Text="Text 19"},
       new Topic{Id=20,Title="Title 20",Text="Text 20"},
       new Topic{Id=21,Title="Title 21",Text="Text 21"},
       new Topic{Id=22,Title="Title 22",Text="Text 22"},
      };

    public static IEnumerable<Topic> GetAll()
    {
       return Topics.OrderBy(row => row.Id);
    }
}

public class ListViewModel
{
   public IEnumerable<Topic> Topics { get; set; }
   public int PageIndex { get; set; }
   public int TotalItemCount { get; set; }
}

public ActionResult Index(int page = 1)
{
       var topics = TopicService.GetAll ();
       int totalItemCount = topics.Count();
       var model = new ListViewModel()
       {
              PageIndex = page,
              Topics = topics.OrderBy(p => p.Id).Skip((page - 1) * 10).Take(10).ToList(),
              TotalItemCount = totalItemCount
       };

       if (!Request.IsAjaxRequest())
       {
              return View(model);
       }

       return PartialView("_TopicList", model);
}

@using MvcAjaxPager
@model ListViewModel

@Html.AjaxPager(Model.TotalItemCount, 10, Model.PageIndex, "Index", "Home", null, new PagerOptions
   {
       ShowDisabledPagerItems = true,
       AlwaysShowFirstLastPageNumber = true,
       HorizontalAlign = "center",
       ShowFirstLast = false,
       CssClass = "NavigationBox",
       AjaxUpdateTargetId = "dvTopics",
       AjaxOnBegin = "AjaxStart",
       AjaxOnComplete = "AjaxStop"
   }, null, null)

<table>
    <tr>
        <th>
            @Html.DisplayName("ID")
        </th>
        <th>
            @Html.DisplayName("Title")
        </th>
        <th>
            @Html.DisplayName("Text")
        </th>
    </tr>

    @foreach (var topic in Model.Topics)
    {
        <tr>
            <td>
                @topic.Id
        </td>
        <td>
            @topic.Title
        </td>
        <td>
            @topic.Text
        </td>
    </tr>
    }
</table>

@Html.AjaxPager(Model.TotalItemCount, 10, Model.PageIndex, "Index", "Home", null, new PagerOptions
   {
       ShowDisabledPagerItems = true,
       AlwaysShowFirstLastPageNumber = true,
       HorizontalAlign = "center",
       ShowFirstLast = true,
       FirstPageText = "اولین",
       LastPageText = "آخرین",
       MorePageText = "...",
       PrevPageText = "قبلی",
       NextPageText = "بعدی",
       CssClass = "NavigationBox",
       AjaxUpdateTargetId = "dvTopics",
       AjaxOnBegin = "AjaxStart",
       AjaxOnComplete = "AjaxStop"
   }, null, null)

@using MvcAjaxPager
@model ListViewModel
@{
    Layout = null;
}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="dvTopics">
        @{
            @Html.Partial("_TopicList", Model);
        }
    </div>

    <script type="text/javascript" src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery-1.7.2.min.js")"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/path.min.js")"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.pager-1.0.1.min.js")"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $('.NavigationBox').pager();

        //pagination before start
        function AjaxStart() {
            console.log('Start AJAX call. Loading message can be shown');
        }
        // pagination - after request
        function AjaxStop() {
            console.log('Stop AJAX call. Loading message can be hidden');
        };
    </script>
</body>
</html>