public class CustomVirtualPathProvider : VirtualPathProvider
{
    public override bool FileExists(string virtualPath)
    {
        return base.FileExists(virtualPath) || FileExistsInDatabase(virtualPath);
    }

    public override VirtualFile GetFile(string virtualPath)
    {
        return base.FileExists(virtualPath)
            ? base.GetFile(virtualPath)
            : new CustomVirtualFile(virtualPath, GetFileFromDatabase(virtualPath));
    }

    private bool FileExistsInDatabase(string virtualPath)
    {
        virtualPath = virtualPath.Replace("~", "");

        return new DatabaseContext().Pages.Any(v => v.Path == virtualPath);
    }

    private byte[] GetFileFromDatabase(string virtualPath)
    {
         virtualPath = virtualPath.Replace("~", "");

         return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(new DatabaseContext().Pages.First(v => v.Path == virtualPath).Content);
    }
}  

public class CustomVirtualFile : VirtualFile
{
    private readonly byte[] _content;

    public CustomVirtualFile(string virtualPath, byte[] content)
        : base(virtualPath)
    {
        _content = content;
    }

    public override Stream Open()
    {
        return new MemoryStream(_content);
    }
}  

protected void Application_Start()
{
    HostingEnvironment.RegisterVirtualPathProvider(new CustomVirtualPathProvider());
    //...
}