Value 

// Behavior 1 
object obj = null;
bool objValueEqual = obj.Equals(null);

// Behavior 2 
object obj = null;
Type objType = obj.GetType();

// Behavior 3
string str = (string)null;
bool strType = str is string;

// Behavior 4
int num = 5;
Nullable<int> nullableNum = 5;
bool typeEqual = num.GetType() == nullableNum.GetType();

// Behavior 5
Type inType = typeof(int);
Type nullableIntType = typeof(Nullable<int>);
bool typeEqual = inType == nullableIntType;

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(Method(null));
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        private static string Method(object obj)
        {
            return "Object parameter";
        }
        private static string Method(string str)
        {
            return "String parameter";
        }

var rounded = Math.Round(1.5); // 2
var rounded = Math.Round(2.5); // 2

var rounded = Math.Round(2.5, MidpointRounding.ToEven); // 2
var rounded = Math.Round(2.5, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero); // 3

var value = 1.4f;
var rounded = Math.Round(value + 0.1f); // 1

    public static class Config
    {
        public static bool ThrowException { get; set; } = true;
    }

    public class FailingClass
    {
        static FailingClass()
        {
            if (Config.ThrowException)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException();
            }
        }
    }

try
{
   var failedInstance = new FailingClass();
}
catch (TypeInitializationException) { }

Config.ThrowException = false;
var instance = new FailingClass();

public class BaseClass
{
    {
        public BaseClass()
        {
            VirtualMethod(1);
        }
        public virtual int VirtualMethod(int dividend)
        {
            return dividend / 1;
        }
    }

    public class DerivedClass : BaseClass
    {
        int divisor;
        public DerivedClass()
        {
            divisor = 1;
        }
        public override int VirtualMethod(int dividend)
        {
            return base.VirtualMethod(dividend / divisor);
        }
    }

 class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var instance = new DerivedClass();
            var result = instance.Method();
            result = ((BaseClass)instance).Method();
            Console.WriteLine(instance + " -> " + result); // Derived Class ...  -> Method in BaseClass
            Console.ReadLine();

        }
    }

    public class BaseClass
    {
        public virtual string Method()
        {
            return "Method in BaseClass";
        }
    }

    public class DerivedClass : BaseClass
    {
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return "Derived Class ... ";
        }

        public new string Method()
        {
            return "Method in DerivedClass";
        }
    }

class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var instance = new DerivedClass();
            var result = instance.Method(); // -> Method in DerivedClass
            result = ((IInterface)instance).Method(); // -> Method belonging to IInterface
            Console.WriteLine(result);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

    public interface IInterface
    {
        string Method();
    }

    public class DerivedClass : IInterface
    {
        public string Method()
        {
            return "Method in DerivedClass";
        }
        string IInterface.Method()
        {
            return "Method belonging to IInterface";
        }
}

private IEnumerable<int> GetEnumerable(StringBuilder log)
{
     using (var test = new Test(log))
      {
          return Enumerable.Range(1, 5);
      }
}

var log = new StringBuilder();
            
foreach (var number in GetEnumerable(log))
{
     log.AppendLine($"{number}");
}

Created
Disposed
1
2
3
4
5

 using (var test = new Test(log))
 {
     foreach (var i in Enumerable.Range(1,5))
     {
         yield return i;
     }
 }

Created
1
2
3
4
5
Disposed

 dotnet new mvc

 ng new SignalRCore2Client

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.0</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.All" Version="2.0.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR" Version="1.0.0-alpha1-final" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <DotNetCliToolReference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Tools" Version="2.0.0" />
    <DotNetCliToolReference Include="Microsoft.DotNet.Watcher.Tools" Version="2.0.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

 dotnet restore

 dotnet watch run

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR;

namespace SignalRCore2WebApp.Hubs
{
    public class MessageHub : Hub
    {
        public Task Send(string message)
        {
            return Clients.All.InvokeAsync("Send", message);
        }
    }
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
   services.AddSignalR();
   services.AddMvc();
}

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
   app.UseSignalR(routes =>
   {
      routes.MapHub<MessageHub>(path: "message");
    });

  http://localhost:5000/message

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR;
using SignalRCore2WebApp.Hubs;

namespace SignalRCore2WebApp.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        private readonly IHubContext<MessageHub> _messageHubContext;
        public HomeController(IHubContext<MessageHub> messageHubContext)
        {
            _messageHubContext = messageHubContext;
        }

        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            return View(); // show the view
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public async Task<IActionResult> Index(string message)
        {
            await _messageHubContext.Clients.All.InvokeAsync("Send", message);
            return View();
        }
    }
}

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Home Page";
}

<form method="post"
      asp-action="Index"
      asp-controller="Home"
      role="form">
  <div class="form-group">
     <label label-for="message">Message: </label>
     <input id="message" name="message" class="form-control"/>
  </div>
  <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Send</button>
</form>

 npm install @aspnet/signalr-client --save

import { Component, OnInit } from "@angular/core";
import { HubConnection } from "@aspnet/signalr-client";

@Component({
  selector: "app-root",
  templateUrl: "./app.component.html",
  styleUrls: ["./app.component.css"]
})
export class AppComponent implements OnInit {
  hubPath = "http://localhost:5000/message";
  messages: string[] = [];

  ngOnInit(): void {
    const connection = new HubConnection(this.hubPath);
    connection.on("send", data => {
      this.messages.push(data);
    });
    connection.start().then(() => {
      // connection.invoke("send", "Hello");
      console.log("connected.");
    });
  }
}

<div>
  <h1>
    The messages from the server:
  </h1>
  <ul>
    <li *ngFor="let message of messages">
      {{message}}
    </li>
  </ul>
</div>

  ng serve -o

 Failed to load http://localhost:5000/message: Response to preflight request doesn't pass access control check: No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource. Origin 'http://localhost:4200' is therefore not allowed access.

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddSignalR();
    services.AddCors(options =>
            {
                options.AddPolicy("CorsPolicy",
                    builder => builder
                        .AllowAnyOrigin()
                        .AllowAnyMethod()
                        .AllowAnyHeader()
                        .AllowCredentials());
            });
    services.AddMvc();
}

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
   app.UseCors(policyName: "CorsPolicy");

.isotope .isotope-item {
  -webkit-transition-property: right, top, -webkit-transform, opacity;
     -moz-transition-property: right, top, -moz-transform, opacity;
      -ms-transition-property: right, top, -ms-transform, opacity;
       -o-transition-property: right, top, -o-transform, opacity;
          transition-property: right, top, transform, opacity;
}

<img [src]="...." />

<img [ngClass]='..' />

<span appHighlight>Attibute Directive</span>

bower install chosen

{
    "name": "asp-net-mvc5x-angular2x",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "authors": [
        "DNT"
    ],
    "license": "MIT",
    "ignore": [
        "node_modules",
        "bower_components"
    ],
    "dependencies": {
        "chosen": "1.4.2"
    },
    "devDependencies": {
    }
}

<script src="~/node_modules/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="~/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

<script src="~/bower_components/chosen/chosen.jquery.min.js"></script>
<link href="~/bower_components/chosen/chosen.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />

declare var jQuery: any;

constructor(private _el: ElementRef) {
}

import { Component, ElementRef, AfterViewInit } from "@angular/core";

declare var jQuery: any; // untyped

@Component({
    templateUrl: "app/using-jquery-addons/using-jquery-addons.component.html"
})
export class UsingJQueryAddonsComponent implements AfterViewInit {

    dropDownItems = ["First", "Second", "Third"];
    selectedValue = "Second";

    constructor(private _el: ElementRef) {
    }

    ngAfterViewInit() {
        jQuery(this._el.nativeElement)
            .find("select")
            .chosen()
            .on("change", (e, args) => {
                this.selectedValue = args.selected;
            });
    }
}

<select>
    <option *ngFor="let item of dropDownItems"
            [value]="item"
            [selected]="item == selectedValue">
        {{item}} option
    </option>
</select>

<h4> {{selectedValue}}</h4>

npm install -g typings
typings install jquery --save --ambient

 /// <reference path="../typings/browser/ambient/jquery/index.d.ts" />

// declare var jQuery: any; // untyped
declare var jQuery: JQueryStatic; // typed

interface JQuery {
   //...
   chosen(options?:any):JQuery;
}
declare module "jquery" {
   export = $;
}

 npm update -g

 ng new MaterialAngularClient --routing

cd MaterialAngularClient
ng serve -o

 ng add @angular/material

npm install --save @angular/material @angular/cdk
npm install --save @angular/animations
npm install --save hammerjs

 import "hammerjs";

import { BrowserAnimationsModule } from "@angular/platform-browser/animations";

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    BrowserAnimationsModule,
    AppRoutingModule
  ]
})
export class AppModule { }

import { CommonModule } from "@angular/common";
import { NgModule, Optional, SkipSelf } from "@angular/core";
import { RouterModule } from "@angular/router";


@NgModule({
  imports: [CommonModule, RouterModule],
  exports: [
    // components that are used in app.component.ts will be listed here.
  ],
  declarations: [
    // components that are used in app.component.ts will be listed here.
  ],
  providers: [
    /* ``No`` global singleton services of the whole app should be listed here anymore!
       Since they'll be already provided in AppModule using the `tree-shakable providers` of Angular 6.x+ (providedIn: 'root').
       This new feature allows cleaning up the providers section from the CoreModule.
       But if you want to provide something with an InjectionToken other that its class, you still have to use this section.
    */
  ]
})
export class CoreModule {
  constructor(@Optional() @SkipSelf() core: CoreModule) {
    if (core) {
      throw new Error("CoreModule should be imported ONLY in AppModule.");
    }
  }
}

import { CommonModule } from "@angular/common";
import { HttpClientModule } from "@angular/common/http";
import { ModuleWithProviders, NgModule } from "@angular/core";
import { FormsModule } from "@angular/forms";

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    CommonModule,
    FormsModule,
    HttpClientModule
  ],
  entryComponents: [
    // All components about to be loaded "dynamically" need to be declared in the entryComponents section.
  ],
  declarations: [
    // common and shared components/directives/pipes between more than one module and components will be listed here.
  ],
  exports: [
    // common and shared components/directives/pipes between more than one module and components will be listed here.
    CommonModule,
    FormsModule,
    HttpClientModule,
  ]
  /* No providers here! Since they’ll be already provided in AppModule. */
})
export class SharedModule {
  static forRoot(): ModuleWithProviders {
    // Forcing the whole app to use the returned providers from the AppModule only.
    return {
      ngModule: SharedModule,
      providers: [ /* All of your services here. It will hold the services needed by `itself`. */]
    };
  }
}

import { CoreModule } from "./core/core.module";
import { SharedModule } from "./shared/shared.module";

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    BrowserAnimationsModule,
    CoreModule,
    SharedModule.forRoot(),
    AppRoutingModule
  ]
})
export class AppModule { }

import { CdkTableModule } from "@angular/cdk/table";
import { NgModule } from "@angular/core";
import {
  MatAutocompleteModule,
  MatButtonModule,
  MatButtonToggleModule,
  MatCardModule,
  MatCheckboxModule,
  MatChipsModule,
  MatDatepickerModule,
  MatDialogModule,
  MatExpansionModule,
  MatFormFieldModule,
  MatGridListModule,
  MatIconModule,
  MatInputModule,
  MatListModule,
  MatMenuModule,
  MatNativeDateModule,
  MatPaginatorModule,
  MatProgressBarModule,
  MatProgressSpinnerModule,
  MatRadioModule,
  MatRippleModule,
  MatSelectModule,
  MatSidenavModule,
  MatSliderModule,
  MatSlideToggleModule,
  MatSnackBarModule,
  MatSortModule,
  MatStepperModule,
  MatTableModule,
  MatTabsModule,
  MatToolbarModule,
  MatTooltipModule,
} from "@angular/material";

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    MatAutocompleteModule,
    MatButtonModule,
    MatButtonToggleModule,
    MatCardModule,
    MatCheckboxModule,
    MatChipsModule,
    MatDatepickerModule,
    MatDialogModule,
    MatExpansionModule,
    MatFormFieldModule,
    MatGridListModule,
    MatIconModule,
    MatInputModule,
    MatListModule,
    MatMenuModule,
    MatNativeDateModule,
    MatPaginatorModule,
    MatProgressBarModule,
    MatProgressSpinnerModule,
    MatRadioModule,
    MatRippleModule,
    MatSelectModule,
    MatSidenavModule,
    MatSliderModule,
    MatSlideToggleModule,
    MatSnackBarModule,
    MatStepperModule,
    MatSortModule,
    MatTableModule,
    MatTabsModule,
    MatToolbarModule,
    MatTooltipModule,
    CdkTableModule
  ],
  exports: [
    MatAutocompleteModule,
    MatButtonModule,
    MatButtonToggleModule,
    MatCardModule,
    MatCheckboxModule,
    MatChipsModule,
    MatDatepickerModule,
    MatDialogModule,
    MatExpansionModule,
    MatGridListModule,
    MatIconModule,
    MatInputModule,
    MatListModule,
    MatMenuModule,
    MatNativeDateModule,
    MatPaginatorModule,
    MatProgressBarModule,
    MatProgressSpinnerModule,
    MatRadioModule,
    MatRippleModule,
    MatSelectModule,
    MatSidenavModule,
    MatSliderModule,
    MatSlideToggleModule,
    MatSnackBarModule,
    MatStepperModule,
    MatSortModule,
    MatTableModule,
    MatTabsModule,
    MatToolbarModule,
    MatTooltipModule,
    CdkTableModule
  ]
})
export class MaterialModule {
}

import { MaterialModule } from "./material.module";

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    CommonModule,
    FormsModule,
    HttpClientModule,
    MaterialModule
  ],
  exports: [
    // common and shared components/directives/pipes between more than one module and components will be listed here.
    CommonModule,
    FormsModule,
    HttpClientModule,
    MaterialModule
  ]
})
export class SharedModule {
}

 <button mat-button>Click me!</button>

 <mat-checkbox>Check me!</mat-checkbox>

 @import "~@angular/material/prebuilt-themes/indigo-pink.css";

 <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons" rel="stylesheet">

<button mat-button>
  <mat-icon>face</mat-icon>
  Click me!
</button>
<mat-checkbox>Check me!</mat-checkbox>

 npm install material-design-icons --save

"styles": [
   "node_modules/material-design-icons/iconfont/material-icons.css",
   "src/styles.css"
],

> ng new angular-routing --routing

>ng g c dashboard
>ng g c customer

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { Routes, RouterModule } from '@angular/router';

import { DashboardComponent } from './dashboard/dashboard.component';
import { CustomerComponent } from './customer/customer.component';

const routes: Routes = [
  { path: '', pathMatch: 'full', redirectTo: 'dashboard' },
  { path: 'dashboard', component: DashboardComponent },
  { path: 'customer', component: CustomerComponent }
];

@NgModule({
  imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes)],
  exports: [RouterModule]
})
export class AppRoutingModule { }

@NgModule({
  declarations: [
    AppComponent,
    DashboardComponent,
    CustomerComponent
  ],

<h1>
  {{title}}
</h1>
<nav>
  <ul>
    <li><a href="" [routerLink]="['/dashboard']">Dashboard</a></li>
    <li><a href="" [routerLink]="['/customer']">Customer</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav>
<router-outlet></router-outlet>

> ng serve -o

> ng g module admin

> ng g m admin --routing

> ng g c admin

> ng g c admin/email
installing component
  create src\app\admin\email\email.component.css
  create src\app\admin\email\email.component.html
  create src\app\admin\email\email.component.spec.ts
  create src\app\admin\email\email.component.ts
  update src\app\admin\admin.module.ts

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    CommonModule,
    AdminRoutingModule
  ],
  declarations: [AdminComponent, EmailComponent]
})
export class AdminModule { }

import { AdminModule } from './admin/admin.module';

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    FormsModule,
    HttpModule,
 
    AdminModule,

    AppRoutingModule
  ],

import { AdminComponent } from './admin.component';
import { EmailComponent } from './email/email.component';

const routes: Routes = [
    { 
      path: 'admin', 
      component: AdminComponent,
      children:[
        { path:'', component:EmailComponent },
        { path:'email', component:EmailComponent }
      ]
    }
];

<p>
  admin works!
</p>
<router-outlet></router-outlet>

>ng g guard auth

 ng g c contact-manager/components/notes --no-spec

      <mat-tab-group>
        <mat-tab label="Bio">
          <p>
            {{user.bio}}
          </p>
        </mat-tab>
        <mat-tab label="Notes">
          <app-notes [notes]="user.userNotes"></app-notes>
        </mat-tab>
      </mat-tab-group>

import { Component, Input, OnInit } from "@angular/core";
import { UserNote } from "../../models/user-note";

@Component({
  selector: "app-notes",
  templateUrl: "./notes.component.html",
  styleUrls: ["./notes.component.css"]
})
export class NotesComponent implements OnInit {

  @Input() notes: UserNote[];

 <p>
  {{notes | json}}
</p>

import { Component, Input, OnInit } from "@angular/core";
import { MatTableDataSource } from "@angular/material";

import { UserNote } from "../../models/user-note";

@Component({
  selector: "app-notes",
  templateUrl: "./notes.component.html",
  styleUrls: ["./notes.component.css"]
})
export class NotesComponent implements OnInit {

  @Input() notes: UserNote[];

  displayedColumns = ["position", "title", "date"];
  dataSource: MatTableDataSource<UserNote>;

  constructor() { }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.dataSource = new MatTableDataSource<UserNote>(this.notes);
  }

}

<div class="example-container mat-elevation-z8" fxLayout="column">
  <mat-table #table [dataSource]="dataSource">
    <ng-container matColumnDef="position">
      <mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef> No. </mat-header-cell>
      <mat-cell *matCellDef="let note"> {{note.id}} </mat-cell>
    </ng-container>

    <ng-container matColumnDef="title">
      <mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef> Title </mat-header-cell>
      <mat-cell *matCellDef="let note"> {{note.title}} </mat-cell>
    </ng-container>

    <ng-container matColumnDef="date">
      <mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef> Date </mat-header-cell>
      <mat-cell *matCellDef="let note"> {{note.date | date:'yyyy-MM-dd'}} </mat-cell>
    </ng-container>

    <mat-header-row *matHeaderRowDef="displayedColumns"></mat-header-row>
    <mat-row *matRowDef="let row; columns: displayedColumns;"></mat-row>
  </mat-table>
</div>

  </mat-table>

  <mat-paginator #paginator [pageSize]="2" [pageSizeOptions]="[2, 4, 6]">
  </mat-paginator>
</div>

export class NotesComponent implements OnInit, AfterViewInit {

  dataSource: MatTableDataSource<UserNote>;
  
  @ViewChild(MatPaginator) paginator: MatPaginator;

  ngAfterViewInit() {
    this.dataSource.paginator = this.paginator;
  }

}

<div class="example-container mat-elevation-z8" fxLayout="column">
  <div class="example-header">
    <mat-form-field>
      <input matInput (keyup)="applyFilter($event.target.value)" placeholder="Filter">
    </mat-form-field>
  </div>

  applyFilter(filterValue: string) {
    this.dataSource.filter = filterValue.trim().toLowerCase(); // MatTableDataSource defaults to lowercase matches
  }

  <mat-table #table [dataSource]="dataSource" matSort>
    <ng-container matColumnDef="position">
      <mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef mat-sort-header> No. </mat-header-cell>
 

export class NotesComponent implements OnInit, AfterViewInit {

  dataSource: MatTableDataSource<UserNote>;
  
  @ViewChild(MatSort) sort: MatSort;

  ngAfterViewInit() {
    this.dataSource.sort = this.sort;
  }
}

import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { HTTP_PROVIDERS } from '@angular/http';
import { MenuComponent } from './menu/menu.component';
import { SubSystemComponent } from './subsystem/subsystem.component';
import { MenuService } from './menu/menu.service';
import { SubSystemService } from './subsystem/subsystem.service';

import { ROUTER_DIRECTIVES, RouterLink, RouterOutlet} from '@angular/router';
// Add the RxJS Observable operators we need in this app.
import './rxjs-operators';

@Component({
    selector: 'my-app',
    templateUrl: 'app/app.component.html',
    directives: [MenuComponent, SubSystemComponent, ROUTER_DIRECTIVES, RouterOutlet, RouterLink],
    providers: [MenuService, SubSystemService, HTTP_PROVIDERS]
})
export class AppComponent {
    currentSubsSystemId: number=1;
}