_identityVerifier.Initialize();
var isValidIdentity = _identityVerifier.Validate(
     application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address);

_creditScorer.CalculateScore(application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Address);
if (_creditScorer.Score < MinimumCreditScore)
{
    return application.IsAccepted;
}

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface ICreditScorer
    {
        int Score { get; }

        void CalculateScore(string applicantName, string applicantAddress);
    }
}

var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();
mockCreditScorer.Setup(x => x.Score).Returns(110_000);

namespace Loans.Models
{
    public class ScoreResult
    {
        public ScoreValue ScoreValue { get; }
    }

    public class ScoreValue
    {
        public int Score { get; }
    }
}

using Loans.Models;

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface ICreditScorer
    {
        int Score { get; }

        void CalculateScore(string applicantName, string applicantAddress);
        
        ScoreResult ScoreResult { get; }
    }
}

//if (_creditScorer.Score < MinimumCreditScore)
if (_creditScorer.ScoreResult.ScoreValue.Score < MinimumCreditScore)

var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();
mockCreditScorer.Setup(x => x.Score).Returns(110_000);

var mockScoreValue = new Mock<ScoreValue>();
mockScoreValue.Setup(x => x.Score).Returns(110_000);

var mockScoreResult = new Mock<ScoreResult>();
mockScoreResult.Setup(x => x.ScoreValue).Returns(mockScoreValue.Object);

mockCreditScorer.Setup(x => x.ScoreResult).Returns(mockScoreResult.Object);

Test method Loans.Tests.LoanApplicationProcessorShould.Accept threw exception:
System.NotSupportedException: Unsupported expression: x => x.Score
Non-overridable members (here: ScoreValue.get_Score) may not be used in setup / verification expressions.

namespace Loans.Models
{
    public class ScoreResult
    {
        public virtual ScoreValue ScoreValue { get; }
    }

    public class ScoreValue
    {
        public virtual int Score { get; }
    }
}

mockCreditScorer.Setup(x => x.ScoreResult.ScoreValue.Score).Returns(110_000);

var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer> { DefaultValue = DefaultValue.Mock };

using Loans.Models;

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface ICreditScorer
    {
        int Score { get; }

        void CalculateScore(string applicantName, string applicantAddress);
        
        ScoreResult ScoreResult { get; }
        
        int Count { get; set; }
    }
}

_creditScorer.CalculateScore(application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Address);
_creditScorer.Count++;

Assert.AreEqual(1, mockCreditScorer.Object.Count);

mockCreditScorer.SetupProperty(x => x.Count);

mockCreditScorer.SetupProperty(x => x.Count, 10);

mockCreditScorer.SetupAllProperties();

<button
  onClick={this.handleReset}
  className="btn btn-primary btn-sm m-2"
>
  Reset
</button>

  handleReset = () => {
    const counters = this.state.counters.map(counter => {
      counter.value = 0;
      return counter;
    });
    this.setState({ counters }); // = this.setState({ counters: counters });
  };

class Counter extends Component {
  state = {
    count: this.props.counter.value
  };

  handleIncrement = () => {
    this.setState({ count: this.state.count + 1 });
  };

<button
  onClick={() => this.props.onIncrement(this.props.counter)}
  className="btn btn-secondary btn-sm"
>
  Increment
</button>

  getBadgeClasses() {
    let classes = "badge m-2 badge-";
    classes += this.props.counter.value === 0 ? "warning" : "primary";
    return classes;
  }

  formatCount() {
    const { value } = this.props.counter; // Object Destructuring
    return value === 0 ? "Zero" : value;
  }

  handleIncrement = counter => {
    console.log("handleIncrement", counter);
  };

  <Counter
    key={counter.id}
    counter={counter}
    onDelete={this.handleDelete}
    onIncrement={this.handleIncrement}
  />

  handleIncrement = counter => {
    console.log("handleIncrement", counter);
    const counters = [...this.state.counters]; // cloning an array
    const index = counters.indexOf(counter);
    counters[index] = { ...counter }; // cloning an object
    counters[index].value++;
    console.log("this.state.counters", this.state.counters[index]);
    this.setState({ counters });
  };

import App from "./App";

ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById("root"));

import React, { Component } from "react";

class NavBar extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <nav className="navbar navbar-light bg-light">
        <a className="navbar-brand" href="#">
          Navbar
        </a>
      </nav>
    );
  }
}

export default NavBar;

import "./App.css";

import React from "react";

import Counters from "./components/counters";
import NavBar from "./components/navbar";

function App() {
  return (
    <React.Fragment>
      <NavBar />
      <main className="container">
        <Counters />
      </main>
    </React.Fragment>
  );
}

export default App;

  render() {
    return (
      <React.Fragment>
        <NavBar />
        <main className="container">
          <Counters
            counters={this.state.counters}
            onReset={this.handleReset}
            onIncrement={this.handleIncrement}
            onDelete={this.handleDelete}
          />
        </main>
      </React.Fragment>
    );
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <button
          onClick={this.props.onReset}
          className="btn btn-primary btn-sm m-2"
        >
          Reset
        </button>
        {this.props.counters.map(counter => (
          <Counter
            key={counter.id}
            counter={counter}
            onDelete={this.props.onDelete}
            onIncrement={this.props.onIncrement}
          />
        ))}
      </div>
    );
  }

<NavBar
    totalCounters={this.state.counters.filter(c => c.value > 0).length}
/>

class NavBar extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <nav className="navbar navbar-light bg-light">
        <a className="navbar-brand" href="#">
          Navbar{" "}
          <span className="badge badge-pill badge-secondary">
            {this.props.totalCounters}
          </span>
        </a>
      </nav>
    );
  }
}

import React from "react";

// Stateless Functional Component
const NavBar = props => {
  return (
    <nav className="navbar navbar-light bg-light">
      <a className="navbar-brand" href="#">
        Navbar{" "}
        <span className="badge badge-pill badge-secondary">
          {props.totalCounters}
        </span>
      </a>
    </nav>
  );
};

export default NavBar;

const NavBar = ({ totalCounters }) => {

var num1 = 10;
var num2 = num1;
alert("Num1=" + num1 + ", Num2=" + num2);

num2 = 20;
alert("Num1=" + num1 + ", Num2=" + num2);

num1 = 30;
alert("Num1=" + num1 + ", Num2=" + num2);

var obj1 = new Object();
obj1.num = 10;
var obj2 = obj1;
alert("Obj1.Num=" + obj1.num + ", Obj2.Num=" + obj2.num);

obj2.num = 20;
alert("Obj1.Num=" + obj1.num + ", Obj2.Num=" + obj2.num);

obj1.num = 30;
alert("Obj1.Num=" + obj1.num + ", Obj2.Num=" + obj2.num);

function primitive(a, b) {
a += 100;
b += 200;
alert("a=" + a + ", b=" + b);
}

var x = 300, y = 400;
primitive(x, y);
alert("x=" + x + ", y=" + y);

function reference(obj) {
obj.a += 100;
obj.b += 200;
alert("obj.a=" + obj.a + ", obj.b=" + obj.b);
}

var calc = new Object();
calc.a = 300;
calc.b = 400;

reference(calc);
alert("calc.a=" + calc.a + ", calc.b=" + calc.b);

for (var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
var sqr = i * i;
alert(sqr);
}

alert(i);
alert(sqr);

function sqr(num) {
var sum = num * num;
return sum;
}

var n = 4;
alert(sqr(n));
alert(num); // Error: num is not defined
alert(sum); // Error: sum is not defined

var color = "Red";

function setColor() {
color = "Blue";
}

alert(color);
setColor();
alert(color);

var color = "Red";

function getColor() {
var color = "Blue";
return color;
}

alert(color);
alert(getColor());
alert(color);

function sum(a, b) {
c = a + b;
}

sum(20, 30);
alert(c);

public int ReturnErrorCodes(int n1)
{
         if(n1==0)
               return -1;
          if(n1<0)
                 return -2;
            if(n1>_max)
                return -3;
            return n1;
}

public int ReturnErrorCodes(int n1)
{
         if(n1==0)
                throw new ZeroException();
          if(n1<0)
                 throw new MinException();
            if(n1>_max)
                throw new MaxException();
            return n1;
}

import { action, observable, computed } from 'mobx';

class PizzaCalculator {
  @observable numberOfPeople = 0;
  @observable slicesPerPerson = 2;
  @observable slicesPerPie = 8;

  @computed get slicesNeeded() {
    console.log('Getting slices needed');
    return this.numberOfPeople * this.slicesPerPerson;
   }

  @computed get piesNeeded() {
    console.log('Getting pies needed');
    return Math.ceil(this.slicesNeeded / this.slicesPerPie);
   }

   @action addGuest() {
     this.numberOfPeople!++;
   }
}

const extendObservable = (target, source) => {
  source.keys().forEach(key => {
    const wrappedInObservable = observable(source[key]);
    Object.defineProperty(target, key, {
      set: value.set.
      get: value.get
    });
  });
};

 > npm install --save mobx mobx-react

import { observer } from "mobx-react";

@observer class Counter extends Component {

const Counter = observer(({ count }) => {
  return (
   // ...
  );
});

class ContainerComponent extends Component () {
   componentDidMount() {
     this.stopListening = autorun(() => this.render());
   }

   componentWillUnmount() {
     this.stopListening();
   }

   render() { … }
}

import { Provider } from 'mobx-react';

import ItemStore from './store/ItemStore';
import Application from './components/Application';

const itemStore = new ItemStore();

ReactDOM.render(
   <Provider itemStore={itemStore}>
     <Application />
   </Provider>,
   document.getElementById('root'),
);

@inject('itemStore')
class NewItem extends Component {
// ...

const UnpackedItems = inject('itemStore')(
    observer(({ itemStore }) => (
    // ...
  )),
);

> create-react-app state-management-with-mobx-part2
> cd state-management-with-mobx-part2
> npm start

> npm install --save mobx mobx-react bootstrap

import "bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css";

import "./index.css";
import "bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css";

import { autorun, decorate, observable } from "mobx";
import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";

import Counter from "./components/Counter";
import * as serviceWorker from "./serviceWorker";

class Count {
  value = 0;

  increment = () => {
    this.value++;
  };

  decrement = () => {
    this.value--;
  };
}

decorate(Count, { value: observable });

const count = (window.count = new Count());
autorun(() => console.log("The count changed!", count.value));

ReactDOM.render(
  <main className="container">
    <Counter count={count} />
  </main>,
  document.getElementById("root")
);

serviceWorker.unregister();

import { observer } from "mobx-react";
import React from "react";

const Counter = observer(({ count }) => {
  return (
    <section className="card mt-5">
      <div className="card-body text-center">
        <span className="badge m-2 badge-primary">{count.value}</span>
      </div>
      <div className="card-footer">
        <div className="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center">
          <button
            className="btn btn-secondary btn-sm"
            onClick={count.increment}
          >
            +
          </button>
          <button
            className="btn btn-secondary btn-sm m-2"
            onClick={count.decrement}
          >
            -
          </button>
        </div>
      </div>
    </section>
  );
});

export default Counter;

public class PersonDiscountCalculator : DiscountCalculator 
{ 
    private decimal AddSpecificDiscountForPerson(decimal baseDiscount) 
    { 
        // calculate base discount for person 
        return 0; 
    } 
    protected override decimal GetFinalDiscount() 
    { 
        var baseDiscount = CalculateGeneralDiscount(); 
        var added = AddSpecificDiscountForPerson(baseDiscount); 
        return added; 
    } 
}

public abstract class DiscountCalculator 
{ 
    protected decimal CalculateGeneralDiscount() 
    { 
        // calculate general discount 
        return 0; 
    } 
    protected abstract decimal AddSpecificDiscount(decimal baseDiscount); 
    protected virtual decimal GetFinalDiscount() 
    { 
        var baseDiscount = CalculateGeneralDiscount(); 
        var addedDiscount = AddSpecificDiscount(baseDiscount); 
        return addedDiscount; 
    } 
}

public class CompanyDiscountCalculator: DiscountCalculator 
{ 
    protected override decimal AddSpecificDiscount(decimal baseDiscount) 
        { 
            // add some customer specific discounts to base discount 
            return 0; 
        } 
    } 
    public class PersonDiscountCalculator : DiscountCalculator 
    { 
        protected override decimal AddSpecificDiscount(decimal baseDiscount) 
        { 
            // calculate base discount for person 
            return 0; 
        } 
}

جمع بندی 

در صورتیکه این کد بد بو اصلاح شود، معمولا با کدی قابل درک‌تر و با سازماندهی منطقی بهتری روبرو خواهیم بود. به طور کلی رعایت رابطه منطقی بین کلاس‌ها، علاوه بر جلوگیری از بروز مشکل «میراث رد شده»، خوانایی کد را افزایش داده و اعمال تغییرات در آن را نیز آسان‌تر می‌کند.