public class Magazine
{
  public int MagazineId { get; set; }
  public string Name { get; set; }
  public string Publisher { get; set; }

  public List<Article> Articles { get; set; }
}

public class Article
{
  public int ArticleId { get; set; }
  public string Title { get; set; }
  public DateTime PublishDate { get;  set; }

  public int MagazineId { get; set; }

  public Author Author { get; set; }
  public int? AuthorId { get; set; }
}

public class Author
{
  public int AuthorId { get; set; }
  public string Name { get; set; }

  public List<Article> Articles { get; set; }
}

protected override void OnModelCreating (ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
   modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().HasData(new Magazine { MagazineId = 1, Name = "DNT Magazine" });
}

migrationBuilder.InsertData(
  table: "Magazines",
  columns: new[] { "MagazineId", "Name", "Publisher" },
  values: new object[] { 1, "DNT Magazine", null });

set IDENTITY_INSERT ON
INSERT INTO "Magazines" ("MagazineId", "Name", "Publisher") VALUES (1, 'DNT Magazine', NULL);

modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>()
           .HasData(new Magazine{ MagazineId=2, Name="This Mag" },
                    new Magazine{ MagazineId=3, Name="That Mag" }
           );

modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().Property(m=>m.Publisher).IsRequired();

 "The seed entity for entity type 'Magazine' cannot be added because there was no value provided for the required property 'Publisher'."

public Magazine(string name, string publisher)
{
  Name=name;
  Publisher=publisher;
}

modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().HasData(new Magazine("DNT Magazine", "1105 Media"));

modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().HasData(new {MagazineId=1, Name="DNT Mag", Publisher="1105 Media"});

migrationBuilder.InsertData(
                table: "Magazines",
                columns: new[] { "MagazineId", "Name", "Publisher" },
                values: new object[] { 1, "DNT Mag", "1105 Media" });

public class Magazine
{
  public Magazine(string name, string publisher)
  {
    Name=name;
    Publisher=publisher;
    MagazineId=Guid.NewGuid();
  }

  public Guid MagazineId { get; private set; }
  public string Name { get; private set; }
  public string Publisher { get; private set; }
  public List<Article> Articles { get; set; }
}

modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().HasData(new Magazine("DNT Mag", "1105 Media");

var mag1=new {MagazineId= new Guid("0483b59c-f7f8-4b21-b1df-5149fb57984e"),  Name="DNT Mag", Publisher="1105 Media"};
modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().HasData(mag1);

modelBuilder.Entity<Article>().HasData(new Article { ArticleId = 1, MagazineId = 1, Title = "EF Core 2.1 Query Types"});

var mag1=new {MagazineId= new Guid("0483b59c-f7f8-4b21-b1df-5149fb57984e"),  Name="DNT Mag", Publisher="1105 Media"};
modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().HasData(mag1);

public class Publisher
{
  public string Name { get; set; }
  public int YearFounded { get; set; }
}

public class Magazine
{ 
  public int MagazineId { get;  set; }
  public string Name { get;  set; }
  public Publisher Publisher { get;  set; }
  public List<Article> Articles { get; set; }
}

modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().HasData (new Magazine { MagazineId = 1, Name = "DNT Magazine" });
modelBuilder.Entity<Magazine>().OwnsOne (m => m.Publisher)
   .HasData (new { Name = "1105 Media", YearFounded = 2006, MagazineId=1 });

migrationBuilder.InsertData(
  table: "Magazines",
  columns: new[] { "MagazineId", "Name", "Publisher_Name", "Publisher_YearFounded" },
  values: new object[] { 1, "DNT Magazine", "1105 Media", 2006 });

namespace EFCoreMultipleDb.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            applyPendingMigrations(app);
// ...
        }

        private static void applyPendingMigrations(IApplicationBuilder app)
        {
            var scopeFactory = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredService<IServiceScopeFactory>();
            using (var scope = scopeFactory.CreateScope())
            {
                var uow = scope.ServiceProvider.GetService<IUnitOfWork>();
                uow.Migrate();
            }
        }
    }
}

namespace EFCoreMultipleDb.DataLayer.SQLite.Context
{
    public class SQLiteDbContext : DbContext, IUnitOfWork
    {
    // ... 

        public void Migrate()
        {
            this.Database.Migrate();
        }
    }
}

public static void Main(string[] args)
{
   var host = BuildWebHost(args);
   using (var scope = host.Services.CreateScope())
   {
       var context = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<yourDBContext>();
       context.Database.Migrate();
   }
   host.Run();
}

package main
import (
        "fmt"
        "golang.org/x/net/context"
        "google.golang.org/grpc"
        "gosample/proto"
)
func main() {
    initial()
}

func initial(){
    conn, _ := grpc.Dial("localhost:50051", grpc.WithInsecure())
    defer conn.Close()
    client := helloworld.NewGreeterClient(conn)
    data, _ := client.SayHello(context.Background(), &helloworld.HelloRequest{Name : "Ali"})

    fmt.Println(data)
}

namespace PluginsBase
{
    public interface IPlugin
    {
        string Name { get; }
        void Run();
    }
}

using PluginsBase;

namespace Plugin1
{
    public class Plugin1Main : IPlugin
    {
        public string Name
        {
            get { return "Test 1"; }
        }

        public void Run()
        {
            // todo: ...
        }
    }
}

 Copy "$(ProjectDir)$(OutDir)$(TargetName).*" "$(SolutionDir)WinFormsWithPluginSupport\bin\debug\Plugins"

 Copy "$(ProjectDir)$(OutDir)*.*" "$(SolutionDir)WinFormsWithPluginSupport\bin\debug\Plugins"

 PM> install-package structuremap

using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using PluginsBase;
using StructureMap.Configuration.DSL;
using StructureMap.Graph;

namespace WinFormsWithPluginSupport.Core
{
    public class PluginsRegistry : Registry
    {
        public PluginsRegistry()
        {
            this.Scan(scanner =>
            {
                scanner.AssembliesFromPath(
                    path: Path.Combine(Application.StartupPath, "plugins"),
                    // یک اسمبلی نباید دوبار بارگذاری شود
                    assemblyFilter: assembly =>
                    {
                        return !assembly.FullName.Equals(typeof(IPlugin).Assembly.FullName);
                    });
                scanner.AddAllTypesOf<IPlugin>().NameBy(item => item.FullName);
            });
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Threading;
using StructureMap;

namespace WinFormsWithPluginSupport
{
    public static class IocConfig
    {
        private static readonly Lazy<Container> _containerBuilder =
            new Lazy<Container>(defaultContainer, LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication);

        public static IContainer Container
        {
            get { return _containerBuilder.Value; }
        }

        private static Container defaultContainer()
        {
            return new Container(x =>
            {
                x.AddRegistry<PluginsRegistry>();
            });
        }
    }
}

using System.Windows.Forms;
using StructureMap;

namespace WinFormsWithPluginSupport
{
    public partial class FrmMain : Form
    {
        private readonly IContainer _container;

        public FrmMain(IContainer container)
        {
            _container = container;
            InitializeComponent();
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WinFormsWithPluginSupport
{
    static class Program
    {
        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
            Application.Run(IocConfig.Container.GetInstance<FrmMain>());
        }
    }
}

using System.Linq;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using PluginsBase;
using StructureMap;
using WinFormsWithPluginSupport.Core;

namespace WinFormsWithPluginSupport
{
    public partial class FrmMain : Form
    {
        private readonly IContainer _container;

        public FrmMain(IContainer container)
        {
            _container = container;
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void BtnRun_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        {
            var plugins = _container.GetAllInstances<IPlugin>().ToList();
            foreach (var plugin in plugins)
            {
                plugin.Run();
            }
        }

        private void BtnReload_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        {
            _container.EjectAllInstancesOf<IPlugin>();
            _container.Configure(x =>
                x.AddRegistry<PluginsRegistry>()
            );
        }
    }
}

 public static void Initialize(Assembly assembly)
 {
     //register global convertors.
     AutoMapper.Mapper.CreateMap<DateTime, string>().ConvertUsing<DateTimeToPersianDateTimeConverter>();

     var typesToMap = from t in assembly.GetTypes()
         let attr = t.GetCustomAttribute<MapFromAttribute>()
         where attr != null
         select new {SourceType = attr.SourceType, Destination = t, Attribute = attr};

     foreach (var map in typesToMap)
     {
         AutoMapper.Mapper.CreateMap(map.SourceType, map.Destination)             
             .DoMapForMemberAttribute() // for different property names in source and destination
             .DoIgnoreMapAttribute()// ignore specified properties
             .DoUseValueResolverAttribute()// set value resolvers
             .DoIgnoreAllNonExisting()// its have to be the latest.
             ;
     } //endeach
     AutoMapper.Mapper.AssertConfigurationIsValid();
 }

public static IMappingExpression DoMapForMemberAttribute(this IMappingExpression expression)
{
    var ok =
        from p in expression.TypeMap.DestinationType.GetProperties()
        let attr = p.GetCustomAttribute<MapForMemberAttribute>()
        where attr != null
        select new {AttributeValue = attr, PropertyName = p.Name};

     foreach (var property in ok)
     {
         expression.ForMember(property.PropertyName, 
             opt => opt.MapFrom(property.AttributeValue.MemberToMap));
     }
    return expression;
}

public static IMappingExpression DoIgnoreAttribute(this IMappingExpression expression)
{
    foreach (var property in
        expression.TypeMap.DestinationType.GetProperties()
        .Where(x => x.GetCustomAttribute<IgnoreMapAttribute>() != null))
    {
        expression.ForMember(property.Name, opt => opt.Ignore());
    }
    return expression;
}

public static IMappingExpression DoUseValueResolverAttribute(this IMappingExpression expression)
{
    var ok =
        from p in expression.TypeMap.DestinationType.GetProperties()
        let attr = p.GetCustomAttribute<UseValueResolverAttribute>()
        where attr != null
        select new {AttributeValue = attr, PropertyName = p.Name};

    foreach (var property in ok)
    {
        expression.ForMember(property.PropertyName,
            opt => opt.ResolveUsing(property.AttributeValue.ValueResolver));
    }
    return expression;
}

public static IMappingExpression DoIgnoreAllNonExisting(this IMappingExpression expression)
{
    var attr = expression.TypeMap.DestinationType.GetCustomAttribute<MapFromAttribute>();
    
    if (attr?.IgnoreAllNonExistingProperty == false)//instead of if(attr == null || attr.IgnoreAllNonExistingProperty == false)
        return expression;
    
    foreach (var property in expression.TypeMap.GetUnmappedPropertyNames())
    {
        expression.ForMember(property, opt => opt.Ignore());
    }
    return expression;
}

public class Student
{
    public virtual int Id { set; get; }
    public virtual string Name { set; get; }
    public virtual string Family { set; get; }
    public virtual string Email { set; get; }
    public virtual DateTime RegisterDateTime { set; get; }
    public virtual ICollection<Book> Books { set; get; }
}
public class Book
{
    public virtual int Id { set; get; }
    public virtual string Name { set; get; }
    public virtual DateTime BorrowDateTime { set; get; }
    public virtual DateTime ExpiredDateTime { set; get; }
    public virtual decimal Price { set; get; }
    [ForeignKey("StudentIdFk")]
    public virtual Student Student { set; get; }
    public virtual int StudentIdFk { set; get; }
}

[MapFrom(typeof (Student), ignoreAllNonExistingProperty: true, alsoCopyMetadata: true)]
public class AdminStudentViewModel
{
    // [IgnoreMap]
    public int Id { set; get; }

    [MapForMember("Name")]
    public string FirstName { set; get; }

    [MapForMember("Family")]
    public string LastName { set; get; }
 



    [IgnoreMap] 
    public string Email { set; get; }

    [MapForMember("RegisterDateTime")]
    public string RegisterDateTimePersian { set; get; }

    [UseValueResolver(typeof (BookCountValueResolver))]
    public int BookCounts { set; get; }

    [UseValueResolver(typeof (BookPriceValueResolver))]
    public decimal TotalBookPrice { set; get; }
};

public class BookCountValueResolver : ValueResolver<Student, int>
{
    protected override int ResolveCore(Student source) => source.Books.Count;
};
public class BookPriceValueResolver : ValueResolver<Student, decimal>
{
    protected override decimal ResolveCore(Student source) => source.Books.Sum(b => b.Price);
};

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var assemblyToLoad = Assembly.GetAssembly(typeof (AdminStudentViewModel));//get assembly
    global::AttributesForAutomapper.Configuration.Initialize(assemblyToLoad);//init automaper
    IList<Student> lst;
    using (var context = new MySampleContext())
    {
        lst = context.Students.Include(x => x.Books).ToList();
    }
    foreach (var student in lst)
        {
            WriteLine( $"[{student.Id}]*\n{student.Name} {student.Family}.\nmailto:{student.Email}.\nRegistered at'{student.RegisterDateTime}'");
            foreach (var book in student.Books)
                WriteLine($"\tBook name:{book.Name}, Book price:{book.Price}");
        }
    
    var lstViewModel = AutoMapper.Mapper.Map<IList<Student>, IList<AdminStudentViewModel>>(lst);
    foreach (var adminStudentViewModel in lstViewModel)
    {
        WriteLine(
            $"[{adminStudentViewModel.Id}]*\n\t{adminStudentViewModel.FirstName} {adminStudentViewModel.LastName}.\n\t" +
            $"mailto:{adminStudentViewModel.Email}.\n\tRegistered at'{adminStudentViewModel.RegisterDateTimePersian}'\n\t" +
            $"Book Counts: {adminStudentViewModel.BookCounts} with total price of {adminStudentViewModel.TotalBookPrice}");
    }
    WriteLine("Press any key to exit...");
    ReadKey();
}

[1]*
Morteza Raeisi.
mailto:MrRaeisi@outlook.com.
Registered at'23/08/1392 19:11:43'    // I'm using Windows 10 with Persian calendar as default, On other OS or calendar settings, this value is different.
        Book name:AutoMapper Attr, Book price:1000.00
        Book name:Second Book, Book price:2500.00
        Book name:Hungry Book, Book price:2500.00
...
[1]*
Morteza Raeisi. //MapForMemebers
mailto:.  // IgnoreMap
Registered at'1392/08/23 19:11' // Convert using
Book Counts: 3 with total price of 6000.00  // Value resolvers
...

var json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(obj, new JsonSerializerSettings
{
   ContractResolver = new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver()
});

using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace JsonNetTests
{
    public enum Color
    {
        Red,
        Green,
        Blue,
        White
    }

    public class Item
    {
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public Color Color { set; get; }
    }

    public class EnumTests
    {
        public string GetJson()
        {
            var item = new Item
            {
                Name = "Item 1",
                Color = Color.Blue 
            };

            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(item, Formatting.Indented);
        }
    }
}

{
  "Name": "Item 1",
  "Color": 2
}

  [JsonConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
  public Color Color { set; get; }

return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(item, new JsonSerializerSettings
{
   Formatting = Formatting.Indented,
   Converters = { new StringEnumConverter() }
});

   public class Category
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<Product> Products { get; set; }

        public Category()
        {
            Products = new List<Product>();
        }
    }

    public class Product
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public virtual Category Category { get; set; }
    }

using System.Collections.Generic;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Converters;

namespace JsonNetTests
{
    public class SelfReferencingLoops
    {
        public string GetJson()
        {
            var category = new Category
            {
                Id = 1,
                Name = "Category 1"
            };
            var product = new Product
            {
                Id = 1,
                Name = "Product 1"
            };

            category.Products.Add(product);
            product.Category = category;

            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(category, new JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                Formatting = Formatting.Indented,
                Converters = { new StringEnumConverter() }
            });
        }
    }
}

 An unhandled exception of type 'Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializationException' occurred in Newtonsoft.Json.dll
Additional information: Self referencing loop detected for property 'Category' with type 'JsonNetTests.Category'. Path 'Products[0]'.

return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(category, new JsonSerializerSettings
{
   Formatting = Formatting.Indented,
   ReferenceLoopHandling = ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore,
   Converters = { new StringEnumConverter() }
});

return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(category, new JsonSerializerSettings
{
   Formatting = Formatting.Indented,
   PreserveReferencesHandling = PreserveReferencesHandling.Objects,
   Converters = { new StringEnumConverter() }
});

{
  "$id": "1",
  "Id": 1,
  "Name": "Category 1",
  "Products": [
    {
      "$id": "2",
      "Id": 1,
      "Name": "Product 1",
      "Category": {
        "$ref": "1"
      }
    }
  ]
}

@page "/"

@page "/"

<p>Hello, @name</p>

@code
{
    string name = "Vahid N.";
}

 <p>Hello, @name.ToUpper()</p>

@page "/"

<p>Hello, @name.ToUpper()</p>
<p>Hello, @CustomToUpper(name)</p>

@code
{
    string name = "Vahid N.";

    string CustomToUpper(string value) => value.ToUpper();
}

<p>Let's add 2 + 2 : @2 + 2 </p>

<p>Let's add 2 + 2 : @(2 + 2) </p>

<button @onclick="@(()=>Console.WriteLine("Test"))">Click me</button>

@page "/"

<button @onclick="@WriteLog">Click me 2</button>

@code
{
    void WriteLog()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Test");
    }
}

@page "/"

<button @onclick="@(()=>WriteLogWithParam("Test 3"))">Click me 3</button>

@code
{
    void WriteLogWithParam(string value)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(value);
    }
}

BlazorRazorSample\Client\Pages\Index.razor(12,25): error CS1501: No overload for method 'WriteLog' takes 1 arguments

@page "/"

<p>Hello, @StringUtils.MyCustomToUpper(name)</p>

@code
{
    public class StringUtils
    {
        public static string MyCustomToUpper(string value) => value.ToUpper();
    }
}

namespace BlazorRazorSample.Shared
{
    public class StringUtils
    {
        public static string MyNewCustomToUpper(string value) => value.ToUpper();
    }
}

@page "/"

@using BlazorRazorSample.Shared

<p>Hello, @StringUtils.MyNewCustomToUpper(name)</p>

@using BlazorRazorSample.Shared

using System;

namespace BlazorRazorSample.Shared.Models
{
    public class MovieDto
    {
        public string Title { set; get; }

        public DateTime ReleaseDate { set; get; }
    }
}

@using BlazorRazorSample.Shared.Models

@page "/"

<div>
    <h3>Movies</h3>
    @foreach(var movie in movies)
    {
        <p>Title: <b>@movie.Title</b></p>
        <p>ReleaseDate: @movie.ReleaseDate.ToString("dd MMM yyyy")</p>
    }
</div>

@code
{
    List<MovieDto> movies = new List<MovieDto>
    {
        new MovieDto
        {
            Title = "Movie 1",
            ReleaseDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-1)
        },
        new MovieDto
        {
            Title = "Movie 2",
            ReleaseDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-2)
        },
        new MovieDto
        {
            Title = "Movie 3",
            ReleaseDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-3)
        }
    };
}

    @for(var i = 0; i < movies.Count; i++)
    {
        <div style="background-color: @(i % 2 == 0 ? "blue" : "red")">
            <p>Title: <b>@movies[i].Title</b></p>
            <p>ReleaseDate: @movies[i].ReleaseDate.ToString("dd MMM yyyy")</p>
        </div>
    }

@page "/fetchdata"
@using BlazorRazorSample.Shared
@inject HttpClient Http

<h1>Weather forecast</h1>

<p>This component demonstrates fetching data from the server.</p>

@if (forecasts == null)
{
    <p><em>Loading...</em></p>
}
else
{
    <table class="table">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>Date</th>
                <th>Temp. (C)</th>
                <th>Temp. (F)</th>
                <th>Summary</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            @foreach (var forecast in forecasts)
            {
                <tr>
                    <td>@forecast.Date.ToShortDateString()</td>
                    <td>@forecast.TemperatureC</td>
                    <td>@forecast.TemperatureF</td>
                    <td>@forecast.Summary</td>
                </tr>
            }
        </tbody>
    </table>
}

@code {
    private WeatherForecast[] forecasts;

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        forecasts = await Http.GetFromJsonAsync<WeatherForecast[]>("WeatherForecast");
    }

}

@if (forecasts == null)
{
    <p><em>Loading...</em></p>
}

new MovieDto
{
   Title = "<i>Movie 1</i>",
   ReleaseDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-1)
},

<p>Title: <b>@((MarkupString)movie.Title)</b></p>

var dataTable = new DataTable("SalaryList");
dataTable.Columns.Add("User", typeof (string));
dataTable.Columns.Add("Month", typeof (int));
dataTable.Columns.Add("Salary", typeof (decimal));
 
var rnd = new Random();
for (var i = 0; i < 200; i++)
  dataTable.Rows.Add("User " + i, rnd.Next(1, 12), rnd.Next(400, 2000));

public class SalaryList
{
  public string User { set; get; }
  public int Month { set; get; }
  public decimal Salary { set; get; }
}

var salaryList = AutoMapper.Mapper.DynamicMap<IDataReader, List<SalaryList>>(dataTable.CreateDataReader());

var anonymousObject = new
{
  User = "User 1",
  Month = 1,
  Salary = 100000
};
var salary = Mapper.DynamicMap<SalaryList>(anonymousObject);

var anonymousList = new[]
{
  new
  {
   User = "User 1",
   Month = 1,
   Salary = 100000
  },
  new
  {
   User = "User 2",
   Month = 1,
   Salary = 300000
  }
};
var salaryList = anonymousList.Select(item => Mapper.DynamicMap<SalaryList>(item)).ToList();

public interface ICustomerService
{
  string Code { get; set; }
  string Name { get; set; }
}

var anonymousObject = new
{
  Code = "111",
  Name = "Test 1"
};
var result = Mapper.DynamicMap<ICustomerService>(anonymousObject);

namespace DNT.IDP
{
    public static class Config
    {
        public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
        {
            return new List<Client>
            {
                new Client
                {
                    ClientName = "Image Gallery",
                    // IdentityTokenLifetime = ... // defaults to 300 seconds / 5 minutes
                    // AuthorizationCodeLifetime = ... // defaults to 300 seconds / 5 minutes
                    // AccessTokenLifetime = ... // defaults to 3600 seconds / 1 hour
                }
             };
        }
    }
}

namespace DNT.IDP
{
    public static class Config
    {
        public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
        {
            return new List<Client>
            {
                new Client
                {
                    ClientName = "Image Gallery",
                    // IdentityTokenLifetime = ... // defaults to 300 seconds / 5 minutes
                    // AuthorizationCodeLifetime = ... // defaults to 300 seconds / 5 minutes
                    // AccessTokenLifetime = ... // defaults to 3600 seconds / 1 hour
                    AllowOfflineAccess = true,
                    // AbsoluteRefreshTokenLifetime = ... // Defaults to 2592000 seconds / 30 days
                    // RefreshTokenExpiration = TokenExpiration.Sliding
                    UpdateAccessTokenClaimsOnRefresh = true,
                    // ...
                }
             };
        }
    }
}

options.Scope.Add("offline_access");

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using IdentityModel.Client;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.OpenIdConnect;

namespace ImageGallery.MvcClient.Services
{
    public interface IImageGalleryHttpClient
    {
        Task<HttpClient> GetHttpClientAsync();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// A typed HttpClient.
    /// </summary>
    public class ImageGalleryHttpClient : IImageGalleryHttpClient
    {
        private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
        private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;
        private readonly IHttpContextAccessor _httpContextAccessor;
        private readonly ILogger<ImageGalleryHttpClient> _logger;

        public ImageGalleryHttpClient(
            HttpClient httpClient,
            IConfiguration configuration,
            IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor,
            ILogger<ImageGalleryHttpClient> logger)
        {
            _httpClient = httpClient;
            _configuration = configuration;
            _httpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor;
            _logger = logger;
        }

        public async Task<HttpClient> GetHttpClientAsync()
        {
            var accessToken = string.Empty;

            var currentContext = _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext;
            var expires_at = await currentContext.GetTokenAsync("expires_at");
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(expires_at)
                || ((DateTime.Parse(expires_at).AddSeconds(-60)).ToUniversalTime() < DateTime.UtcNow))
            {
                accessToken = await RenewTokens();
            }
            else
            {
                accessToken = await currentContext.GetTokenAsync(OpenIdConnectParameterNames.AccessToken);
            }

            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(accessToken))
            {
                _logger.LogInformation($"Using Access Token: {accessToken}");
                _httpClient.SetBearerToken(accessToken);
            }

            _httpClient.BaseAddress = new Uri(_configuration["WebApiBaseAddress"]);
            _httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
            _httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));

            return _httpClient;
        }

        private async Task<string> RenewTokens()
        {
            // get the current HttpContext to access the tokens
            var currentContext = _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext;

            // get the metadata
            var discoveryClient = new DiscoveryClient(_configuration["IDPBaseAddress"]);
            var metaDataResponse = await discoveryClient.GetAsync();

            // create a new token client to get new tokens
            var tokenClient = new TokenClient(
                metaDataResponse.TokenEndpoint,
                _configuration["ClientId"],
                _configuration["ClientSecret"]);

            // get the saved refresh token
            var currentRefreshToken = await currentContext.GetTokenAsync(OpenIdConnectParameterNames.RefreshToken);

            // refresh the tokens
            var tokenResult = await tokenClient.RequestRefreshTokenAsync(currentRefreshToken);
            if (tokenResult.IsError)
            {
                throw new Exception("Problem encountered while refreshing tokens.", tokenResult.Exception);
            }

            // update the tokens & expiration value
            var updatedTokens = new List<AuthenticationToken>();
            updatedTokens.Add(new AuthenticationToken
            {
                Name = OpenIdConnectParameterNames.IdToken,
                Value = tokenResult.IdentityToken
            });
            updatedTokens.Add(new AuthenticationToken
            {
                Name = OpenIdConnectParameterNames.AccessToken,
                Value = tokenResult.AccessToken
            });
            updatedTokens.Add(new AuthenticationToken
            {
                Name = OpenIdConnectParameterNames.RefreshToken,
                Value = tokenResult.RefreshToken
            });

            var expiresAt = DateTime.UtcNow + TimeSpan.FromSeconds(tokenResult.ExpiresIn);
            updatedTokens.Add(new AuthenticationToken
            {
                Name = "expires_at",
                Value = expiresAt.ToString("o", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)
            });

            // get authenticate result, containing the current principal & properties
            var currentAuthenticateResult = await currentContext.AuthenticateAsync("Cookies");

            // store the updated tokens
            currentAuthenticateResult.Properties.StoreTokens(updatedTokens);

            // sign in
            await currentContext.SignInAsync("Cookies",
             currentAuthenticateResult.Principal, currentAuthenticateResult.Properties);

            // return the new access token
            return tokenResult.AccessToken;
        }
    }
}

namespace DNT.IDP
{
    public static class Config
    {
        public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
        {
            return new List<Client>
            {
                new Client
                {
                    ClientName = "Image Gallery",
// ...
                    AccessTokenType = AccessTokenType.Reference
                }
             };
        }
    }
}

namespace DNT.IDP
{
    public static class Config
    {
        // api-related resources (scopes)
        public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResources()
        {
            return new List<ApiResource>
            {
                new ApiResource(
                    name: "imagegalleryapi",
                    displayName: "Image Gallery API",
                    claimTypes: new List<string> {"role" })
                {
                  ApiSecrets = { new Secret("apisecret".Sha256()) }
                }
            };
        }

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.WebApp
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddAuthentication(defaultScheme: IdentityServerAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
               .AddIdentityServerAuthentication(options =>
               {
                   options.Authority = Configuration["IDPBaseAddress"];
                   options.ApiName = "imagegalleryapi";
                   options.ApiSecret = "apisecret";
               });

namespace ImageGallery.MvcClient.WebApp.Controllers
{
    [Authorize]
    public class GalleryController : Controller
    {
        public async Task Logout()
        {
            await revokeTokens();
            // Clears the  local cookie ("Cookies" must match the name of the scheme)
            await HttpContext.SignOutAsync("Cookies");
            await HttpContext.SignOutAsync("oidc");
        }

        private async Task revokeTokens()
        {
            var discoveryClient = new DiscoveryClient(_configuration["IDPBaseAddress"]);
            var metaDataResponse = await discoveryClient.GetAsync();
            var tokenRevocationClient = new TokenRevocationClient(
                metaDataResponse.RevocationEndpoint,
                _configuration["ClientId"],
                _configuration["ClientSecret"]
            );

            var accessToken = await HttpContext.GetTokenAsync(OpenIdConnectParameterNames.AccessToken);
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(accessToken))
            {
                var response = await tokenRevocationClient.RevokeAccessTokenAsync(accessToken);
                if (response.IsError)
                {
                    throw new Exception("Problem accessing the TokenRevocation endpoint.", response.Exception);
                }
            }

            var refreshToken = await HttpContext.GetTokenAsync(OpenIdConnectParameterNames.RefreshToken);
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(refreshToken))
            {
                var response = await tokenRevocationClient.RevokeRefreshTokenAsync(refreshToken);
                if (response.IsError)
                {
                    throw new Exception("Problem accessing the TokenRevocation endpoint.", response.Exception);
                }
            }
        }

 string data = null;
var result = data ?? "value";

if (data == null)
{
    data = "value";
}
var result = data;

class Response
{
    public string Result { set; get; }
    public int Code { set; get; }
}

 
class WebRequest
{
    public Response GetDataFromWeb(string url)
    {
        // ...
        return new Response { Result = null };
    }
}

 var webData = new WebRequest().GetDataFromWeb("https://www.dntips.ir/");
if (webData != null && webData.Result != null)
{
    Console.WriteLine(webData.Result);
}

 if (webData?.Result != null)
{
    Console.WriteLine(webData.Result);
}

 if (x != null)
{
   x.Dispose();
}

 x?.Dispose();

 var copy = OnMyEvent;
if (copy != null)
{
   copy(this, new EventArgs());
}

 OnMyEvent?.Invoke(this, new EventArgs());

 var code = webData?.Code;

 if (webData?.Code > 0)
{

}

 int count = response?.Results?.Count ?? 0;

 int? x = 10;
//var value = x?.Value; // invalid
Console.WriteLine(x?.ToString());

 if (response != null && response.Results != null && response.Results.Addresses != null
  && response.Results.Addresses[0] != null && response.Results.Addresses[0].Zip == "63368")
{

}

 if(response?.Results?.Addresses?[0]?.Zip == "63368")
{

}

 public void DoSomething(Customer customer)
{
    string address = customer?.Employees
                  ?.SingleOrDefault(x => x.IsAdmin)?.Address?.ToString();
    SendPackage(address);
}

 public void DoSomething(Customer customer)
{
   Contract.Requires(customer != null); 
   string address = customer.GetAdminAddress();
   SendPackage(address);
}