case ShapeType.Ellipse:
                    if (isFill)
                        g.FillEllipse(new SolidBrush(backgroundColor), x, y, width, height);
                    //else
                    g.DrawEllipse(new Pen(foreColor, thickness), x, y, width, height);
                    break;

//--------------------------------[Change to]-------=>

               case ShapeType.Ellipse:
                    if (isFill)
                        g.FillEllipse(Brush, x, y, width, height);
                    //else
                    g.DrawEllipse(new Pen(foreColor, thickness), x, y, width, height);
                    break;

int numericResult;
if (int.TryParse(input, out numericResult))
    WriteLine(numericResult);
else
    WriteLine("Could not parse input");

if (int.TryParse(input, out int result))
    WriteLine(result);
else
    WriteLine("Could not parse input");

if (int.TryParse(input, out var answer))
    WriteLine(answer);
else
    WriteLine("Could not parse input");

if (!int.TryParse(input, out int result))
{    
    return null;
}

return result;

class Program
{
  static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    string firstName;
    string lastName;
    
    CreateName(out firstName, out lastName);
    Console.WriteLine($"Hello {firstName} {lastName}");
  }
  
  private static void CreateName(out string firstName, out string lastName)
  {
    firstName = "Kevin";
    lastName = "Griffin";
  }
}

class Program
{
  static void Main(string[] args)
  {   
    CreateName(out string firstName, out string lastName);
    Console.WriteLine($"Hello {firstName} {lastName}");
  }
  
  private static void CreateName(out string firstName, out string lastName)
  {
    firstName = "Kevin";
    lastName = "Griffin";
  }
}

namespace CrMap.Models
{
    public class Symbol
    {
        public char Character { set; get; }
        public string CharacterCode { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Windows.Media;
using CrMap.Models;

namespace CrMap.ViewModels
{
    public class CrMapViewModel
    {
        public IList<Symbol> Symbols { set; get; }
        public int GridRows { set; get; }
        public int GridCols { set; get; }

        public CrMapViewModel()
        {
            fillDataSource();
        }

        private void fillDataSource()
        {
            Symbols = new List<Symbol>();
            GridCols = 15;

            var fontFamily = new FontFamily(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/"), "/Fonts/#whhglyphs");

            GlyphTypeface glyph = null;
            foreach (var typeface in fontFamily.GetTypefaces())
            {
                if (typeface.TryGetGlyphTypeface(out glyph) && (glyph != null))
                    break;
            }

            if (glyph == null)
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Couldn't find a GlyphTypeface.");

            GridRows = (glyph.CharacterToGlyphMap.Count / GridCols) + 1;

            foreach (var item in glyph.CharacterToGlyphMap)
            {
                var index = item.Key;
                Symbols.Add(new Symbol
                {
                    Character = Convert.ToChar(index),
                    CharacterCode = string.Format("&#x{0:X}", index)
                });
            }
        }
    }
}

<Window x:Class="CrMap.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:CrMap.ViewModels"
        Title="MainWindow" WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen" WindowState="Maximized"
        Height="350" Width="525">
    <Window.Resources>
        <vm:CrMapViewModel x:Key="vmCrMapViewModel" />
    </Window.Resources>
    <ScrollViewer VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Visible">
        <ItemsControl
                      DataContext="{StaticResource vmCrMapViewModel}"  
                      ItemsSource="{Binding Symbols}"
                      Name="MainItemsControl"
                      VerticalAlignment="Top"     
                      HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                      Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="1" Grid.ColumnSpan="4">
            <ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
                <ItemsPanelTemplate>
                    <UniformGrid
                        HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                        VerticalAlignment="Center"
                        Columns="{Binding GridCols}" 
                        Rows="{Binding GridRows}">
                    </UniformGrid>
                </ItemsPanelTemplate>
            </ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
            <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <ContentControl>
                        <Border BorderBrush="SlateGray"
                            HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Stretch"
                            BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="3" Margin="3">
                            <StackPanel Margin="3" Orientation="Vertical">
                                <TextBlock                                         
                                    HorizontalAlignment="Center" 
                                    VerticalAlignment="Center" 
                                    FontFamily="Fonts/#whhglyphs"
                                    Foreground="DarkRed"
                                    FontSize="17"
                                    Text="{Binding Character}" />
                                <TextBlock                                         
                                    HorizontalAlignment="Center" 
                                    VerticalAlignment="Center" 
                                    Text="{Binding CharacterCode}" />
                            </StackPanel>
                        </Border>
                    </ContentControl>
                </DataTemplate>
            </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
        </ItemsControl>
    </ScrollViewer>
</Window>

 Prefix - Namespace
xml = http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace
xs = http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
xsi = http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance
fn = http://www.w3.org/2004/07/xpath-functions
sqltypes = http://schemas.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2004/sqltypes
xdt = http://www.w3.org/2004/07/xpath-datatypes
(no prefix) = urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-sql
(no prefix) = http://schemas.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2004/SOAP

  <xsd:simpleType name="char">
    <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/>
  </xsd:simpleType>
  <xsd:simpleType name="nchar">
    <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/>
  </xsd:simpleType>
  <xsd:simpleType name="varchar">
    <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/>
  </xsd:simpleType>
  <xsd:simpleType name="nvarchar">
    <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/>
  </xsd:simpleType>
  <xsd:simpleType name="text">
    <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/>
  </xsd:simpleType>
  <xsd:simpleType name="ntext">
    <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/>
  </xsd:simpleType>

  <xsd:simpleType name="datetime">
    <xsd:restriction base="xsd:dateTime">
      <xsd:pattern value="((000[1-9])|(00[1-9][0-9])|(0[1-9][0-9]{2})|([1-9][0-9]{3}))-((0[1-9])|(1[012]))-((0[1-9])|([12][0-9])|(3[01]))T(([01][0-9])|(2[0-3]))(:[0-5][0-9]){2}(\.[0-9]{2}[037])?"/>
      <xsd:maxInclusive value="9999-12-31T23:59:59.997"/>
      <xsd:minInclusive value="1753-01-01T00:00:00.000"/>
    </xsd:restriction>
  </xsd:simpleType>

CREATE XML SCHEMA COLLECTION invcol AS
'<xs:schema ... targetNamespace="urn:invoices">
...
</xs:schema>
'

CREATE TABLE Invoices(
id int IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
invoice XML(invcol)
)

CREATE XML SCHEMA COLLECTION geocol AS
'<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
           targetNamespace="urn:geo"
           elementFormDefault="qualified"
           xmlns:tns="urn:geo">
  <xs:simpleType name="dim">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:int" />
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:complexType name="Point">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element name="X" type="tns:dim"  minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
      <xs:element name="Y" type="tns:dim"  minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="Point" type="tns:Point" />
</xs:schema>'

 declare @geo_tab table(
 id int identity primary key,
 point xml(content geocol)
)
 
insert into @geo_tab values('<Point xmlns="urn:geo"><X>10</X><Y>20</Y></Point>')
insert into @geo_tab values('<Point xmlns="urn:geo"><X>10</X><Y>test</Y></Point>')

 XML Validation: Invalid simple type value: 'test'. Location: /*:Point[1]/*:Y[1]

 select * from sys.xml_schema_collections
select * from sys.xml_schema_namespaces
select * from sys.xml_schema_elements
select * from sys.xml_schema_attributes
select * from sys.xml_schema_types
select * from sys.column_xml_schema_collection_usages
select * from sys.parameter_xml_schema_collection_usages

 declare @x xml
select @x = xml_schema_namespace(N'dbo', N'geocol')
print convert(varchar(max), @x)

 alter XML SCHEMA COLLECTION geocol add @x

 declare @x xml
set @x = (select * from openrowset(bulk 'c:\path\file.xsd', single_blob) as x)
CREATE XML SCHEMA COLLECTION geocol2 AS @x

Type Safety

string text = “String value”;
int textLength = text.Length;
int textMonth = text.Month; // won’t compile

public interface IGeometricShape
{
     double Circumference { get; }
     double Area { get; }
}
public class Square : IGeometricShape
{
     public double Side { get; set; }
     public double Circumference => 4 * Side;
     public double Area => Side * Side;
}
public class Circle : IGeometricShape
{
     public double Radius { get; set; }
     public double Circumference => 2 * Math.PI * Radius;
     public double Area => Math.PI * Radius * Radius;
}

IGeometricShape circle = new Circle { Radius = 1 };
Square square = ((Square)circle); // no compiler error
var side = square.Side;

dynamic text = “String value”;
int textLength = text.Length;
int textMonth = text.Month; // throws exception at runtime

public dynamic GetAnonymousType()
{
  return new
    {
        Name = “John”,
        Surname = “Doe”,
        Age = 42
    };
}

dynamic value = GetAnonymousType();
Console.WriteLine($”{value.Name} {value.Surname}, {value.Age}”);

string json = @"
{
     ""name"": ""John"",
     ""surname"": ""Doe"",
     ""age"": 42
}";

dynamic value = JObject.Parse(json);
Console.WriteLine($"{ value.name} { value.surname}, { value.age}");

dynamic person = new ExpandoObject();
person.Name = "John";
person.Surname = "Doe";
person.Age = 42;
person.ToString = (Func<string>)(() => $”{person.Name} {person.Surname}, {person. Age}”);

Console.WriteLine($"{ person.Name}{ person.Surname}, { person.Age}");

var dictionary = (IDictionary<string, object>)person;
foreach (var member in dictionary)
{
     Console.WriteLine($”{member.Key} = {member.Value}”);
}
dictionary.Remove(“ToString”);

class MyDynamicObject : DynamicObject
{
       private readonly Dictionary<string, object> members = new Dictionary<string, object>();

       public override bool TryGetMember(GetMemberBinder binder, out object result)
       {
              if (members.ContainsKey(binder.Name))
              {
                  result = members[binder.Name];
                  return true;
              }
              else
              {
                  result = null;
                  return false;
             }
       }

      public override bool TrySetMember(SetMemberBinder binder, object value)
      {
               members[binder.Name] = value;
              return true;
      }

      public bool RemoveMember(string name)
      {
            return members.Remove(name);
      }

}

dynamic person = new MyDynamicObject();
person.Name = “John”;
person.Surname = “Doe”;
person.Age = 42;
person.AsString = (Func<string>)(() => $”{person.Name} {person.Surname}, {person.
Age}”);

let list1 = [ 1; 5; 100; 450; 788 ]
for i in list1 do
   printfn "%d" i

1
5
100
450
788

  for i in 1 .. 2 .. 10 do
     printf "%d " i

1 3 5 7 9

  for c in 'a' .. 'z' do
    printf "%c " c

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

   for i in 10 .. -1 .. 1 do
        printf "%d " i

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

let beginning x y = x - 2*y
let ending x y = x + 2*y

  for i in (beginning x y) .. (ending x y) do
     printf "%d " i

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

for i = 1 to 10 do
    printf "%d " i

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

for i = 10 downto 1 do
    printf "%d " i

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

 for i = (beginning x y) to (ending x y) do
     printf "%d " i

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

while test-expression do
   body-expression

open System
 
let main() =
    let password = "monkey"//شناسه برای مقدار رمز عبور
    let mutable guess = String.Empty// شناسه برای حدس رمز عبور
    let mutable attempts = 0//تعداد دفعات تست
 
    while password <> guess && attempts < 3 do// تا زمانی که رمز عبور با حدس آن برابر نیست و تعداد دفعات تکرار کمتر از سه است
        Console.Write("What's the password? ")//چاپ پیغام در خروجی
        attempts <- attempts + 1//مقدار دفعات یکی افزایش می‌یابد
        guess <- Console.ReadLine()// حدس رمز عبور از ورودی دریافت می‌شود
 
    if password = guess then// اگر رمز عبور با حدس آن یکی بود
        Console.WriteLine("You got the password right!")// پیغام موفقیت
    else
        Console.WriteLine("You didn't guess the password")//پیغام عدم موفقیت
 
    Console.ReadKey(true) |> ignore//منتظر ورودی برای خروج از برنامه