public class Startup
{
    // Other code ...
    public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        // ...
        services.AddDbContext<CatalogContext>(options =>
        {
            options.UseSqlServer(Configuration["ConnectionString"],
            sqlServerOptionsAction: sqlOptions =>
            {
                sqlOptions.EnableRetryOnFailure(
                maxRetryCount: 10,
                maxRetryDelay: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30),
                errorNumbersToAdd: null);
            });
        });
    }
//...
}

public static IHost MigrateDbContext<TContext>(this IHost host)  where TContext : DbContext
{
    using (var scope = host.Services.CreateScope())
    {
        var services = scope.ServiceProvider;
        var logger = services.GetRequiredService<ILogger<TContext>>();
        var context = services.GetService<TContext>();

        logger.LogInformation($"Migrating the DB associated with the context {typeof(TContext).Name}");

        var retry = Policy.Handle<Exception>().WaitAndRetry(new[]
            {
                TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),
                TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10),
                TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15),
            });

        retry.Execute(() =>
            {
                context.Database.Migrate();
            });

        logger.LogInformation($"Migrated the DB associated with the context {typeof(TContext).Name}");
    }
    return host;
}

public static void Main(string[] args)
{
    CreateHostBuilder(args)
    .Build()
    .MigrateDbContext<AppDbContext>()
    .Run();
}

namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.Services
{
    public interface IMessagesService
    {
        string GetSiteName();
    }
 
    public class MessagesService : IMessagesService
    {
        public string GetSiteName()
        {
            return "DNT";
        }
    }
}

{
    "dependencies": {
        // same as before
        "Core1RtmEmptyTest.Services": "1.0.0-*"
    },

public void Configure(
    IApplicationBuilder app,
    IHostingEnvironment env,
    IMessagesService messagesService)

public void Configure(
    IApplicationBuilder app,
    IHostingEnvironment env,
    IMessagesService messagesService)
{ 
    app.Run(async context =>
    {
        var siteName = messagesService.GetSiteName();
        await context.Response.WriteAsync($"Hello {siteName}");
    });
}

 System.InvalidOperationException
No service for type 'Core1RtmEmptyTest.Services.IMessagesService' has been registered.
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetRequiredService(IServiceProvider provider, Type serviceType)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.ConfigureBuilder.Invoke(object instance, IApplicationBuilder builder)

System.Exception
Could not resolve a service of type 'Core1RtmEmptyTest.Services.IMessagesService' for the parameter 'messagesService' of method 'Configure' on type 'Core1RtmEmptyTest.Startup'.
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.ConfigureBuilder.Invoke(object instance, IApplicationBuilder builder)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.BuildApplication()

public class Startup
{
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddTransient<IMessagesService, MessagesService>();
    }

{
    "dependencies": {
        // same as before  
        "StructureMap.Dnx": "0.5.1-rc2-final"
    },

public class Startup
{
    public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddDirectoryBrowser();
 
        var container = new Container();
        container.Configure(config =>
        {
            config.Scan(_ =>
            {
                _.AssemblyContainingType<IMessagesService>();
                _.WithDefaultConventions();
            });
            //config.For<IMessagesService>().Use<MessagesService>();
 
            config.Populate(services);
        });
        container.Populate(services);
 
        return container.GetInstance<IServiceProvider>();
    }

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Test
{
    public class Table
    {
        public Header Header { set; get; }
        public IList<Cell> Cells { set; get; }
        public float Width { set; get; }
    }

    public class Header
    {
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public DateTime Date { set; get; }
        public IList<Cell> Cells { set; get; }
    }

    public class Cell
    {
        public string Caption { set; get; }
        public float Width { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Test
{
    public class TableApi
    {
        public Table CreateTable(Action<TableCreator> action)
        {
            var creator = new TableCreator();
            action(creator);
            return creator.TheTable;
        }
    }

    public class TableCreator
    {
        readonly Table _theTable = new Table();
        internal Table TheTable
        {
            get { return _theTable; }
        }

        public void Width(float value)
        {
            _theTable.Width = value;
        }

        public void AddHeader(Action<HeaderCreator> action)
        {
            _theTable.Header = ...
        }

        public void AddCells(Action<CellsCreator> action)
        {
            _theTable.Cells = ...
        }        
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Test
{
    public class CellsCreator
    {
        readonly IList<Cell> _cells = new List<Cell>();
        internal IList<Cell> Cells
        {
            get { return _cells; }
        }

        public void AddCell(string caption, float width)
        {
            _cells.Add(new Cell { Caption = caption, Width = width });
        }
    }

    public class HeaderCreator
    {
        readonly Header _header = new Header();
        internal Header Header
        {
            get { return _header; }
        }

        public void Title(string title)
        {
            _header.Title = title;
        }

        public void Date(DateTime value)
        {
            _header.Date = value;
        }

        public void AddCells(Action<CellsCreator> action)
        {
            var creator = new CellsCreator();
            action(creator);
            _header.Cells = creator.Cells;
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Test
{
    public class TableCreator
    {
        readonly Table _theTable = new Table();
        internal Table TheTable
        {
            get { return _theTable; }
        }

        public void Width(float value)
        {
            _theTable.Width = value;
        }

        public void AddHeader(Action<HeaderCreator> action)
        {
            var creator = new HeaderCreator();
            action(creator);
            _theTable.Header = creator.Header;
        }

        public void AddCells(Action<CellsCreator> action)
        {
            var creator = new CellsCreator();
            action(creator);
            _theTable.Cells = creator.Cells;
        }
    }

    public class CellsCreator
    {
        readonly IList<Cell> _cells = new List<Cell>();
        internal IList<Cell> Cells
        {
            get { return _cells; }
        }

        public void AddCell(string caption, float width)
        {
            _cells.Add(new Cell { Caption = caption, Width = width });
        }
    }

    public class HeaderCreator
    {
        readonly Header _header = new Header();
        internal Header Header
        {
            get { return _header; }
        }

        public void Title(string title)
        {
            _header.Title = title;
        }

        public void Date(DateTime value)
        {
            _header.Date = value;
        }

        public void AddCells(Action<CellsCreator> action)
        {
            var creator = new CellsCreator();
            action(creator);
            _header.Cells = creator.Cells;
        }
    }
}

var data = new TableApi().CreateTable(table =>
            {
                table.Width(1);
                table.AddHeader(header=>
                {
                    header.Title("new rpt");
                    header.Date(DateTime.Now);
                    header.AddCells(cells=>
                    {
                        cells.AddCell("cell 1", 1);
                        cells.AddCell("cell 2", 2);
                    });
                });
                table.AddCells(tableCells=>
                {
                    tableCells.AddCell("c 1", 1);
                    tableCells.AddCell("c 2", 2);
                });
            });

        public string TestNoneAsync()
        {
            var webClient = new WebClient();
            return webClient.DownloadString("http://www.google.com");
        }

        public void TestAsync()
        {
            var webClient = new WebClient();
            webClient.DownloadStringAsync(new Uri("http://www.google.com"));
            webClient.DownloadStringCompleted += webClientDownloadStringCompleted;
        }

        void webClientDownloadStringCompleted(object sender, DownloadStringCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            // use e.Result
        }

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Async02
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btnGetInfo_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            var req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://www.google.com");
            req.Method = "HEAD";
            req.BeginGetResponse(
                asyncResult =>
                {
                    var resp = (HttpWebResponse)req.EndGetResponse(asyncResult);
                    var headersText = formatHeaders(resp.Headers);
                    txtResults.Text = headersText;
                }, null);
        }

        private string formatHeaders(WebHeaderCollection headers)
        {
            var headerString = headers.Keys.Cast<string>()
                                      .Select(header => string.Format("{0}:{1}", header, headers[header]));
            return string.Join(Environment.NewLine, headerString.ToArray());
        }
    }
}

 An exception of type 'System.InvalidOperationException' occurred in System.Windows.Forms.dll but was not handled in user code
Additional information: Cross-thread operation not valid: Control 'txtResults' accessed from a thread other than the thread it was created on.

        private void btnGetInfo_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            var sync = SynchronizationContext.Current;
            var req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://www.google.com");
            req.Method = "HEAD";
            req.BeginGetResponse(
                asyncResult =>
                {
                    var resp = (HttpWebResponse)req.EndGetResponse(asyncResult);
                    var headersText = formatHeaders(resp.Headers);
                    sync.Post(delegate { txtResults.Text = headersText; }, null);
                }, null);
        }

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Async01
{
    public class AsyncExample
    {
        public async Task DoWorkAsync(int parameter)
        {
            await Task.Delay(parameter);
            Console.WriteLine(parameter);
        }
    }
}

        public async Task<double> GetNumberAsync()
        {
            var generator = new Random();
            await Task.Delay(generator.Next(1000));

            return generator.NextDouble();
        }

        public async Task<double> GetSumAsync()
        {
            var leftOperand = await GetNumberAsync();
            var rightOperand = await GetNumberAsync();

            return leftOperand + rightOperand;
        }

        public async Task<double> GetProductOfSumAsync()
        {
            var leftOperand = GetSumAsync();
            var rightOperand = GetSumAsync();

            return await leftOperand * await rightOperand;
        }

 Operator '*' cannot be applied to operands of type 'System.Threading.Tasks.Task<double>' and 'System.Threading.Tasks.Task<double>'

        public async Task<string> DownloadAsync()
        {
            var webClient = new WebClient();
            return await webClient.DownloadStringTaskAsync("http://www.google.com");
        }

        public void TestDownloadAsync()
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("Before DownloadAsync");
            DownloadAsync();
            Debug.WriteLine("After DownloadAsync");
        }

 Before DownloadAsync
After DownloadAsync

 PM> Install-Package Microsoft.Bcl.Async

new Field { Type = column.DataType }

آن را نصب نموده و بعد از تکمیل شدن، visual studio را restart کنید.

پروژه‌ی console خود را باز کرده و از طریق Add -> new item، آیتم OData client را جستجو کرده و با نام ProductClient.tt آن را تولید نمایید (نام آن اختیاری است):

فایل ProductClient.tt را که یک T4 code generator میباشد، باز کرده و مقدار ثابت MetadataDocumentUri را به آدرس سرویس odata خود تغییر دهید:

public const string MetadataDocumentUri = "http://localhost:port/odata/";

روی این آیتم کلیک راست و گزینه‌ی Run Custom tool را انتخاب نمایید. این تمام کاری است که نیاز به انجام دادن دارید.

حال فایل Program.cs را باز کرده و آن‌را اینگونه تغییر دهید:

using ConsoleApplication1.OwinAspNetCore.Models;
using System;
using System.Linq;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Uri uri = new Uri("http://localhost:24977/odata");

            //var context = new Default.Container(uri);
            var context = new TestNameSpace.TestNameSpace(uri);

            //get
            var products = context.Products.Where(pr => pr.Name.Contains("a"))
                .Take(1).Select(pr => new { Firstname = pr.Name, PriceValue = pr.Price }).ToList();

            //add
            context.AddToProducts(new Product() { Name = "Name1", Price = 123 });

            //update
            Product p = context.Products.First();
            p.Name = "changed";
            context.UpdateObject(p);

            //delete
            context.DeleteObject(context.Products.Last());

            //commit
            context.SaveChanges();
        }
    }
}

مشاهده میفرمایید که همه‌ی عملیات‌های لازم برای CRUD، به شرط اینکه در سمت سرور طراحی شده باشند، به راحتی از سمت کلاینت قابل فراخوانی خواهند بود.

از این ویژگی فوق العاده میتوان حتی در کلاینت‌ها جاوااسکریپتی نیز استفاده کرد. فرض کنید نرم افزار تحت وبی را با استفاده از jquery یا angularjs طراحی کرده‌اید. قاعدتا فراخوانی درخواست‌های شما به سمت سرور، چیزی شبیه به این خواهد بود:

//angularjs
$http.get("/products/get", {Name: "Test", Company: "Test"})
    .then(function(response) {
        console.log(response.data);
    });

//jquery
$.get("/products/get", {Name: "Test", Company: "Test"}, function(data, status){
        console.log("Data: " + data);
    });

با استفاده از odata و typescript و یک library مربوط به odata client در سمت کلاینت، نرم افزار شما بجای موارد، بالا چیزی شبیه به مثال زیر خواهد بود (با همراه داشتن strongly typed و intellisense کامل)

let product1 = await context.products.filter(c => c.Name.contains("Ali")).toArray();
let product2 = await context.products.getSomeFunction(1, 'Test');
context.product.add({Name: 'Test'} as Product);
await context.saveChanges()

در مقاله‌های آتی به ویژگی‌های بیشتری از Odata خواهیم پرداخت.

import axios from "axios";

  componentDidMount() {
    const promise = axios.get("https://localhost:5001/api/posts");
    console.log(promise);
  }

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddCors(options =>
    {
       options.AddPolicy("ReactCorsPolicy",
          builder => builder
            .AllowAnyMethod()
            .AllowAnyHeader()
            .WithOrigins("http://localhost:3000")
            .AllowCredentials()
            .Build());
    });
    services.AddSingleton<IPostsDataSource, PostsDataSource>();
    services.AddControllers();
}

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
    if (env.IsDevelopment())
    {
      app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
    }

    app.UseHttpsRedirection();

    app.UseRouting();

    //app.UseAuthentication();
    //app.UseAuthorization();

    app.UseCors("ReactCorsPolicy");

    app.UseAuthorization();

    app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
    {
       endpoints.MapControllers();
    });
}

  async componentDidMount() {
    const promise = axios.get("https://localhost:5001/api/posts");
    console.log(promise);
    const response = await promise;
    console.log(response);
  }

  async componentDidMount() {
    const response = await axios.get("https://localhost:5001/api/posts");
    console.log(response);
  }

class App extends Component {
  state = {
    posts: []
  };

  async componentDidMount() {
    const { data: posts } = await axios.get("https://localhost:5001/api/posts");
    this.setState({ posts }); // = { posts: posts }
  }

const apiEndpoint = "https://localhost:5001/api/posts";

class App extends Component {
  state = {
    posts: []
  };

  async componentDidMount() {
    const { data: posts } = await axios.get(apiEndpoint);
    this.setState({ posts });
  }

  handleAdd = async () => {
    const newPost = {
      title: "new Title ...",
      body: "new Body  ...",
      userId: 1
    };
    const { data: post } = await axios.post(apiEndpoint, newPost);
    console.log(post);

    const posts = [post, ...this.state.posts];
    this.setState({ posts });
  };

  handleUpdate = async post => {
    post.title = "Updated";
    const { data: updatedPost } = await axios.put(
      `${apiEndpoint}/${post.id}`,
      post
    );
    console.log(updatedPost);

    const posts = [...this.state.posts];
    const index = posts.indexOf(post);
    posts[index] = { ...post };
    this.setState({ posts });
  };

  handleDelete = async post => {
    await axios.delete(`${apiEndpoint}/${post.id}`);

    const posts = this.state.posts.filter(item => item.id !== post.id);
    this.setState({ posts });
  };

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;

namespace Async08
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var source = @"c:\dir\file.bin";
            var target = @"d:\dir\file.bin";
            using (var inStream = File.OpenRead(source))
            {
                using (var outStream = File.OpenWrite(target))
                {
                    using (var cts = new CancellationTokenSource())
                    {
                        var task = inStream.CopyToAsync(outStream, bufferSize: 4059, cancellationToken: cts.Token);
                        Console.WriteLine("Press 'c' to cancel.");
                        var key = Console.ReadKey().KeyChar;
                        if (key == 'c')
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine("Cancelling");
                            cts.Cancel();
                        }
                        Console.WriteLine("Wating...");
                        task.ContinueWith(t => { }).Wait();
                        Console.WriteLine("Status: {0}", task.Status);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

    public static class CancellationTokenExtensions
    {
        public static async Task UntilCompletionOrCancellation(Task asyncOp, CancellationToken ct)
        {
            var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<bool>();
            using (ct.Register(() => tcs.TrySetResult(true)))
            {
                await Task.WhenAny(asyncOp, tcs.Task);
            }
        }
    }

    public class CancellationTokenTest
    {
        public static void Run()
        {
            var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
            Task.Run(async () => await test(), cts.Token);
            Console.ReadLine();
            cts.Cancel();
            Console.WriteLine("Cancel...");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        private static async Task test()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                await Task.Delay(1000);
                Console.WriteLine("Test...");
            }
        }
    }

Test...
Test...
Test...
 
Cancel...
Test...
Test...
Test...
Test...

public class CancellationTokenTest
    {
        public static void Run()
        {
            var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
            Task.Run(async () => await test(cts.Token), cts.Token);
            Console.ReadLine();
            cts.Cancel();
            Console.WriteLine("Cancel...");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        private static async Task test(CancellationToken ct)
        {
            while (true)
            {
                await Task.Delay(1000, ct);
                Console.WriteLine("Test...");

                if (ct.IsCancellationRequested)
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
            Console.WriteLine("Test cancelled");
        }
    }

        private static async Task test2(CancellationToken ct)
        {
            bool isRunning = true;

            ct.Register(() =>
            {
                isRunning = false;
                Console.WriteLine("Query cancelled");
            });

            while (isRunning)
            {
                await Task.Delay(1000, ct);
                Console.WriteLine("Test...");
            }
            Console.WriteLine("Test cancelled");
        }