string data = null;
var result = data ?? "value";

if (data == null)
{
    data = "value";
}
var result = data;

class Response
{
    public string Result { set; get; }
    public int Code { set; get; }
}

 
class WebRequest
{
    public Response GetDataFromWeb(string url)
    {
        // ...
        return new Response { Result = null };
    }
}

 var webData = new WebRequest().GetDataFromWeb("https://www.dntips.ir/");
if (webData != null && webData.Result != null)
{
    Console.WriteLine(webData.Result);
}

 if (webData?.Result != null)
{
    Console.WriteLine(webData.Result);
}

 if (x != null)
{
   x.Dispose();
}

 x?.Dispose();

 var copy = OnMyEvent;
if (copy != null)
{
   copy(this, new EventArgs());
}

 OnMyEvent?.Invoke(this, new EventArgs());

 var code = webData?.Code;

 if (webData?.Code > 0)
{

}

 int count = response?.Results?.Count ?? 0;

 int? x = 10;
//var value = x?.Value; // invalid
Console.WriteLine(x?.ToString());

 if (response != null && response.Results != null && response.Results.Addresses != null
  && response.Results.Addresses[0] != null && response.Results.Addresses[0].Zip == "63368")
{

}

 if(response?.Results?.Addresses?[0]?.Zip == "63368")
{

}

 public void DoSomething(Customer customer)
{
    string address = customer?.Employees
                  ?.SingleOrDefault(x => x.IsAdmin)?.Address?.ToString();
    SendPackage(address);
}

 public void DoSomething(Customer customer)
{
   Contract.Requires(customer != null); 
   string address = customer.GetAdminAddress();
   SendPackage(address);
}

<%@ Application Codebehind="Global.asax.cs" Inherits="YourAppName.MvcApplication" Language="C#" %>

public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
        protected void Application_Start()
        {
            ...//
        }
    }

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;
namespace SimpleApp
{
    public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
        protected void Application_Start()
        { 
            AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
            RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
        }
        protected void Application_BeginRequest() 
        {
            RecordEvent("BeginRequest");
        }
        protected void Application_AuthenticateRequest() 
        {
            RecordEvent("AuthenticateRequest");
        }
        protected void Application_PostAuthenticateRequest()
        { 
            RecordEvent("PostAuthenticateRequest");
        }
        private void RecordEvent(string name)
        {
            List<string> eventList = Application["events"] as List<string>;
            if (eventList == null) 
            { 
                Application["events"] = eventList = new List<string>(); 
            } 
            eventList.Add(name);
        }
    }
}

using System.Web.Mvc;
namespace SimpleApp.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View(HttpContext.Application["events"]);
        }

    }
}

@model List<string>
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Events List";
 
}
<h5>Events</h5>
<table>
    @foreach (string eventName in Model)
    {    
        <tr>
            <td>@eventName</td>
        </tr>      
    }

</table>

حال برای استفاده از Context تولید شده، به صورت زیر شیءایی را ساخته:

 static DbContext _dbContext=null;
        public static DbContext GetDbContextInstance()
        {
            if (_dbContext == null)
            {
                string path = Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetEntryAssembly().Location);
                var dllversionAssm = Assembly.LoadFile(path + "\\ProjectContext.dll");
                Type type = dllversionAssm.GetType("DbContextGenerator.TestContext");
                _dbContext = (DbContext)Activator.CreateInstance(type);
            }
            return _dbContext;
        }

و سپس برای ساخت DbSet از هر Entity به کد زیر نیاز خواهیم داشت:

public static System.Data.Entity.DbSet<T> Get<T>() where T : class
        {
            var set = GetDbContextInstance().Set<T>();
            return set;
        }

هم اکنون می‌توان رکوردهای Entity‌ها را واکشی کرده و یا آن‌ها را با یکدیگر Join بزنیم:

            var products = Get<Product>().ToList();

            var productTypes = Get<ProductType>().ToList();


            var query = from p in Get<Product>()
                        join pt in Get<ProductType>() on p.ProductTypeId equals pt.Id
                        select new
                        {
                            Id = p.Id,
                            Name = p.Name,
                            ProductType = pt.Name

                        };

            var JoinResult = query.ToList();

و نتیجه واکشی ها 

کد کامل این پروژه  

 public static IEnumerable<TResult> OfType<TResult>(this IEnumerable source)

Apple
Sugar

Milk
Water

 Unhandled Exception: System.InvalidCastException: Unable to cast object of type 'System.Int32' to type 'System.String'.

 IEnumerable<string> input = new List<string> { "Apple", "Sugar", "Flour" };
string[] array = input.ToArray();

 IEnumerable<string> input = new[] { "Apple", "Sugar", "Flour" };
List<string> list = input.ToList();

Key=1, Recipe=Apple Pie
Key=2, Recipe=Cherry Pie
Key=3, Recipe=Beef Pie

 Rating 5
 - Apple Pie
 - Banana Pie
Rating 2
 - Cherry Pie
Rating 3
 - Beef Pie

 Sugar

 Milk

 Unhandled Exception: System.InvalidOperationException: Sequence contains no elements

Ingredient[] ingredients = { };
Ingredient element = ingredients.First();

 Unhandled Exception: System.InvalidOperationException: Sequence contains no matching element

 Ingredient[] ingredients = { };
Ingredient element = ingredients.FirstOrDefault();
Console.WriteLine(element == null);

 True

 True

 Flour

Unhandled Exception: System.InvalidOperationException: Sequence contains more than one matching element
Unhandled Exception: System.InvalidOperationException: Sequence contains no matching element

 Sugar

 Butter

True

 Milk

 System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.

 True

Sugar
Egg
Milk

 True

public class StrongCoupledConcreteA
    {
        public string GenerateString(string s) { return s + " from" + this.GetType().ToString(); }
    }

    public class StrongCoupledConcreteB
    {
        public void GenerateString(ref string s) { s += " from" + this.GetType().ToString(); }
    }

    public class Printer
    {
        bool condition;
        public Printer(bool cond)
        {
            condition = cond;
        }

        public void SetCondition(bool value) { condition = value; }

        public void Print()
        {
            string result;
            string input = " this message is";
            if (condition)
            {
                var stringGenerator = new StrongCoupledConcreteA();
                result = stringGenerator.GenerateString(input);
            }
            else
            {
                var stringGenerator = new StrongCoupledConcreteB();
                result = input;
                stringGenerator.GenerateString(ref result);
            }
            Console.WriteLine(result);
        }

    }
    public class Context
    {
        Printer printer;
        public void DoWork()
        {
            printer = new Printer(true);
            printer.Print();

            printer.SetCondition(false);
            printer.Print();
        }

    }

public interface IStringGenerator
        {
            string GenerateString(string s);
        }
        public class LooslyCoupledConcreteA : IStringGenerator
        {
            public string GenerateString(string s)
            {
                return s + " from " + this.GetType().ToString();
            }
        }
        public class LooslyCoupledConcreteB : IStringGenerator
        {
            public string GenerateString(string s)
            {
                return s + " from " + this.GetType().ToString();
            }
        }

           public class Printer
           {
               bool condition;
               public Printer(bool cond)
               {
                   condition = cond;
               }

               public void SetCondition(bool value) { condition = value; }

               public void Print()
               {
                   string result;
                   string input = " this message is";
                   IStringGenerator generator;
                   if (condition)
                   {
                       generator = new LooslyCoupledConcreteA();
                   }
                   else
                   {
                       generator = new LooslyCoupledConcreteB();
                   }
                   
                   result = generator.GenerateString(input);
                   Console.WriteLine(result);

               }

           }

// single responsibility principle - bad example

    interface IEmail
    {
        void SetSender(string sender);
        void SetReceiver(string receiver);
        void SetContent(string content);
    }

    class Email : IEmail
    {
        public void SetSender(string sender)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
        public void SetReceiver(string receiver)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void SetContent(string content)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
    }

// single responsibility principle - good example
    public interface IMessage
    {
        void SetSender(string sender);
        void SetReceiver(string receiver);
        void SetContent(IContent content);
    }

    public interface IContent
    {
        string GetAsString(); // used for serialization
    }

    public class Email : IMessage
    {        
        public void SetSender(string sender)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void SetReceiver(string receiver)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void SetContent(IContent content)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
    }

public class AreaCalculator
        {
            public double Area(object[] shapes)
            {
                double area = 0;

                foreach (var shape in shapes)
                {

                    if (shape is Square)
                    {
                        Square square = (Square)shape;
                        area += Math.Sqrt(square.Height);
                    }

                    if (shape is Triangle)
                    {
                        Triangle triangle = (Triangle)shape;
                        double TotalHalf = (triangle.FirstSide + triangle.SecondSide + triangle.ThirdSide) / 2;
                        area += Math.Sqrt(TotalHalf * (TotalHalf - triangle.FirstSide) *
                        (TotalHalf - triangle.SecondSide) * (TotalHalf - triangle.ThirdSide));
                    }

                    if (shape is Circle)
                    {
                        Circle circle = (Circle)shape;
                        area += circle.Radius * circle.Radius * Math.PI;
                    }

                }
                return area;
            }
        }
        public class Square
        {
            public double Height { get; set; }
        }
        public class Circle
        {
            public double Radius { get; set; }
        }
        public class Triangle
        {
            public double FirstSide { get; set; }
            public double SecondSide { get; set; }
            public double ThirdSide { get; set; }
        }

public class AreaCalculator
{
    public double Area(Shape[] shapes)
    {
        double area = 0;

        foreach (var shape in shapes)
        {
            area += shape.Area();
        }

        return area;
    }
}
public abstract class Shape
{
    public abstract double Area();
}
public class Square : Shape
{
    public double Height { get { return _height; } }
    private double _height;

    public Square(double Height)
    {
        _height = Height;
    }

    public override double Area()
    {
        return Math.Sqrt(_height);
    }
}
public class Circle : Shape
{
    public double Radius { get { return _radius; } }

    private double _radius;

    public Circle(double Radius)
    {
        _radius = Radius;
    }

    public override double Area()
    {
        return _radius * _radius * Math.PI;
    }
}
public class Triangle : Shape
{
    public double FirstSide { get { return _firstSide; } }
    public double SecondSide { get { return _secondSide; } }
    public double ThirdSide { get { return _thirdSide; } }

    private double _firstSide;
    private double _secondSide;
    private double _thirdSide;

    public Triangle(double FirstSide, double SecondSide, double ThirdSide)
    {
        _firstSide = FirstSide;
        _secondSide = SecondSide;
        _thirdSide = ThirdSide;
    }

    public override double Area()
    {
        double TotalHalf = (_firstSide + _secondSide + _thirdSide) / 2;
        return Math.Sqrt(TotalHalf * (TotalHalf - _firstSide) * (TotalHalf - _secondSide) * (TotalHalf - _thirdSide));
    }
}

public abstract class AdoMapper<T> where T : class
{
    private readonly SqlConnection _connection;
 
    protected AdoMapper(string connectionString)
    {
        _connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
    }
 
    protected virtual IEnumerable<T> ExecuteCommand(SqlCommand command)
    {
        command.Connection = _connection;
        command.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
        _connection.Open();
 
        try
        {
            var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
            try
            {
                return Mapper.Map<IDataReader, IEnumerable<T>>(reader);
            }
            finally
            {
                reader.Close();
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            _connection.Close();
        }
    }
 
    protected virtual T GetRecord(SqlCommand command)
    {
        command.Connection = _connection;
        _connection.Open();
        try
        {
            var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
            try
            {
                reader.Read();
                return Mapper.Map<IDataReader, T>(reader);
            }
            finally
            {
                reader.Close();
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            _connection.Close();
        }
    }
 
    protected virtual IEnumerable<T> GetRecords(SqlCommand command)
    {
        command.Connection = _connection;
        _connection.Open();
        try
        {
            var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
            try
            {
                return Mapper.Map<IDataReader, IEnumerable<T>>(reader);
            }
            finally
            {
                reader.Close();
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            _connection.Close();
        }
    }
}

public class UsersService : AdoMapper<User>, IUsersService
{
    public UsersService(string connectionString)
        : base(connectionString)
    {
    }
 
    public IEnumerable<User> GetAll()
    {
        using (var command = new SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM Users"))
        {
            return GetRecords(command);
        }
    }
 
    public User GetById(int id)
    {
        using (var command = new SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM Users WHERE Id = @id"))
        {
            command.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("id", id));
            return GetRecord(command);
        }
    }
}

public class UsersProfile : Profile
{
    protected override void Configure()
    {
        this.CreateMap<IDataRecord, User>();
    }
 
    public override string ProfileName
    {
        get { return this.GetType().Name; }
    }
}

Mapper.Initialize(cfg => // In Application_Start()
{
    cfg.AddProfile<UsersProfile>();
});

public class Advertisement
{
    public int Id { set; get; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
    public int UserId { get; set; }
 
    public string TitleWithOtherName { get; set; }
}

public class AdvertisementsProfile : Profile
{
    protected override void Configure()
    {
        this.CreateMap<IDataRecord, Advertisement>()
            .ForMember(dest => dest.TitleWithOtherName,
                       options => options.MapFrom(src =>
                            src.GetString(src.GetOrdinal("Title"))));
    }
 
    public override string ProfileName
    {
        get { return this.GetType().Name; }
    }
}

   [DataContract]
    public class Book 
    {
        [DataMember]
        public int Code { get; set; }

        [DataMember]
        public string Name { get; set; }             
    }

  [ServiceContract]
    public interface ISampleService
    {
        [OperationContract]
        IEnumerable<Book> GetAll();

        [OperationContract]
        void Save( Book book );
    }

public class SampleService : ISampleService
    {
        public List<Book> ListOfBook 
        {
            get; 
            private set; 
        }

        public SampleService()
        {
            ListOfBook = new List<Book>();
        }
        public IEnumerable<Book> GetAll()
        {
            ListOfBook.AddRange( new Book[] 
            {
                new Book(){Code=1 , Name="Book1"},
                new Book(){Code=2 , Name="Book2"},
            } );
            return ListOfBook;
        }

        public void Save( Book book )
        {
            ListOfBook.Add( book );
        }
    }

 [DataContract]
    public class Book 
    {
        [DataMember]
        public int Code { get; set; }
        [DataMember]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [DataMember]
        public string Author { get; set; }
    }

[DataMember( IsRequired = true )]
public string Author { get; set; }

  [DataContract]
    public class Book
    {
        [DataMember]
        public int Code { get; set; }
        [DataMember]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [DataMember( IsRequired = true )]
        public string Author { get; set; }

        [OnDeserializing]
        private void OnDeserializing( StreamingContext context )
        {
            if ( string.IsNullOrEmpty( Author ) )
            {
                Author = "Masoud Pakdel";
            }
        }
    }

[DataContract]
    public class Book : IExtensibleDataObject
    {
        [DataMember]
        public int Code { get; set; }
        [DataMember]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [DataMember]
        public string Author { get; set; }
    
        public virtual ExtensionDataObject ExtensionData
        {
            get { return _extensionData; }
            set
            {
                _extensionData = value;
            }
        }
        private ExtensionDataObject _extensionData;
    }

public IEnumerable<Book> GetAll()
        {
            ListOfBook.AddRange( new Book[] 
            {
                new Book(){Code=1 , Name="Book1", Author="Masoud Pakdel"},
                new Book(){Code=2 , Name="Book2" },
            } );
            return ListOfBook;
        }

 [ServiceBehavior( IgnoreExtensionDataObject = true )]
  public class SampleService : ISampleService