static async IAsyncEnumerable<int> RangeAsync(int start, int count)
{
  for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
  {
    await Task.Delay(i);
    yield return start + i;
  }
}

    [ApiController]
    [Route("[controller]")]
    public class CustomerController : ControllerBase
    {
        private readonly IDictionary<int, Customer> _customers;
        private void FillCustomerFromMemory(int countOfCustomer)
        {
            for (int CustomerId = 1; CustomerId <= countOfCustomer; CustomerId++)
            {
                _customers.Add(key: CustomerId, new Customer($"name_{CustomerId}", CustomerId));
            }
        }
        public CustomerController()
        {
            _customers = new Dictionary<int, Customer>();
            FillCustomerFromMemory(countOfCustomer : 100);
        }
        [HttpGet]
        public async Task<IEnumerable<Customer>> Get()
        {
            var output = new List<Customer>();
            while (_customers.Any(_ => _.Key % 10 == 0))
            {
                var customer = _customers.First(_ => _.Key % 10 == 0);
                output.Add(new Customer(customer.Value.Name, customer.Key));
                await Task.Delay(500);
                _customers.Remove(customer);
            }
            return output;
        }

        public class Customer
        {
            public int Id { get; private set; }

            public string Name { get; private set; }
            public Customer(string name, int id)
            {
                Name = name;
                Id = id;
            }
        }
    }

  [HttpGet]
        public async IAsyncEnumerable<Customer> Get()
        {
            while (_customers.Any(_ => _.Key % 10 == 0))
            {
                var customer = _customers.First(_ => _.Key % 10 == 0);
                yield return new Customer(customer.Value.Name, customer.Key);
                _customers.Remove(customer);
                await Task.Delay(500);
            }
        }

const int TARGET = 80;
var _httpClient = new HttpClient();
using (var response = await _httpClient.GetAsync(
    "https://localhost:7284/customer",
     HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead))
{
    var stream = await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();

    var _jsonSerializerSettings = new JsonSerializerSettings();
    var _serializer = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializer.Create(_jsonSerializerSettings);

    using TextReader textReader = new StreamReader(stream);
    using JsonReader jsonReader = new JsonTextReader(textReader);

    await using (stream.ConfigureAwait(false))
    {
        await jsonReader.ReadAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
        while (await jsonReader.ReadAsync().ConfigureAwait(false) &&
               jsonReader.TokenType != JsonToken.EndArray)
        {
            Customer customer = _serializer!.Deserialize<Customer>(jsonReader);
            if (customer.Id == TARGET)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(customer.Id + " : " + customer.Name);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

[HttpGet]
        public async IAsyncEnumerable<Customer> Get(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            while (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested && _customers.Any(_ => _.Key % 10 == 0))
            {
                var customer = _customers.First(_ => _.Key % 10 == 0);
                yield return new Customer(customer.Value.Name, customer.Key);
                _customers.Remove(customer);
                await Task.Delay(500,cancellationToken);
            }
        }

const int TARGET = 80;
var _httpClient = new HttpClient();
var _cancelationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();

using (var response = await _httpClient.GetAsync(
    "https://localhost:7284/customer",
     HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead,
     _cancelationTokenSource.Token))
{
    var stream = await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync(_cancelationTokenSource.Token);

    var _jsonSerializerSettings = new JsonSerializerSettings();
    var _serializer = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializer.Create(_jsonSerializerSettings);

    using TextReader textReader = new StreamReader(stream);
    using JsonReader jsonReader = new JsonTextReader(textReader);

    await using (stream.ConfigureAwait(false))
    {
        await jsonReader.ReadAsync(_cancelationTokenSource.Token).ConfigureAwait(false);
        while (await jsonReader.ReadAsync(_cancelationTokenSource.Token).ConfigureAwait(false) &&
               jsonReader.TokenType != JsonToken.EndArray)
        {
            Customer customer = _serializer!.Deserialize<Customer>(jsonReader);
            if (customer.Id == TARGET)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(customer.Id + " : " + customer.Name);
                _cancelationTokenSource.Cancel();
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

public abstract class BaseEntity
{
    protected BaseEntity()
    {
        TrackingState = TrackingState.Nochange;
    }

    public TrackingState TrackingState { get; set; }
}

public enum TrackingState
{
    Nochange,
    Add,
    Update,
    Remove,
}

public class Customer : BaseEntity
{
    public int CustomerId { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Company { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<Phone> Phones { get; set; }
}

public class Phone : BaseEntity
{
    public int PhoneId { get; set; }
    public string Number { get; set; }
    public string PhoneType { get; set; }
    public int CustomerId { get; set; }
    public virtual Customer Customer { get; set; }
}

public class Recipe4Context : DbContext
{
    public Recipe4Context() : base("Recipe4ConnectionString") { }
    public DbSet<Customer> Customers { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Phone> Phones { get; set; }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        // Do not persist TrackingState property to data store
        // This property is used internally to track state of
        // disconnected entities across service boundaries.
        // Leverage the Custom Code First Conventions features from Entity Framework 6.
        // Define a convention that performs a configuration for every entity
        // that derives from a base entity class.
        modelBuilder.Types<BaseEntity>().Configure(x => x.Ignore(y => y.TrackingState));
        modelBuilder.Entity<Customer>().ToTable("Customers");
        modelBuilder.Entity<Phone>().ToTable("Phones");
}
}

<connectionStrings>
  <add name="Recipe4ConnectionString"
    connectionString="Data Source=.;
    Initial Catalog=EFRecipes;
    Integrated Security=True;
    MultipleActiveResultSets=True"
    providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>

protected void Application_Start()
{
    // Disable Entity Framework Model Compatibilty
    Database.SetInitializer<Recipe1Context>(null);
    // The bidirectional navigation properties between related entities
    // create a self-referencing loop that breaks Web API's effort to
    // serialize the objects as JSON. By default, Json.NET is configured
    // to error when a reference loop is detected. To resolve problem,
    // simply configure JSON serializer to ignore self-referencing loops.
    GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter
        .SerializerSettings.ReferenceLoopHandling =
            Newtonsoft.Json.ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore;
    ...
}

public static EntityState Set(TrackingState trackingState)
{
    switch (trackingState)
    {
        case TrackingState.Add:
            return EntityState.Added;
        case TrackingState.Update:
            return EntityState.Modified;
        case TrackingState.Remove:
            return EntityState.Deleted;
        default:
            return EntityState.Unchanged;
    }
}

public class CustomerController : ApiController
{
    // GET api/customer
    public IEnumerable<Customer> Get()
    {
        using (var context = new Recipe4Context())
        {
            return context.Customers.Include(x => x.Phones).ToList();
        }
    }

    // GET api/customer/5
    public Customer Get(int id)
    {
        using (var context = new Recipe4Context())
        {
            return context.Customers.Include(x => x.Phones).FirstOrDefault(x => x.CustomerId == id);
        }
    }

    [ActionName("Update")]
    public HttpResponseMessage UpdateCustomer(Customer customer)
    {
        using (var context = new Recipe4Context())
        {
            // Add object graph to context setting default state of 'Added'.
            // Adding parent to context automatically attaches entire graph
            // (parent and child entities) to context and sets state to 'Added'
            // for all entities.
            context.Customers.Add(customer);
            foreach (var entry in context.ChangeTracker.Entries<BaseEntity>())
            {
                entry.State = EntityStateFactory.Set(entry.Entity.TrackingState);
                if (entry.State == EntityState.Modified)
                {
                    // For entity updates, we fetch a current copy of the entity
                    // from the database and assign the values to the orginal values
                    // property from the Entry object. OriginalValues wrap a dictionary
                    // that represents the values of the entity before applying changes.
                    // The Entity Framework change tracker will detect
                    // differences between the current and original values and mark
                    // each property and the entity as modified. Start by setting
                    // the state for the entity as 'Unchanged'.
                    entry.State = EntityState.Unchanged;
                    var databaseValues = entry.GetDatabaseValues();
                    entry.OriginalValues.SetValues(databaseValues);
                }
            }

        context.SaveChanges();
    }

    return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, customer);
}

    [HttpDelete]
    [ActionName("Cleanup")]
    public HttpResponseMessage Cleanup()
    {
        using (var context = new Recipe4Context())
        {
            context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand("delete from phones");
            context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand("delete from customers");
            return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK);
        }
    }
}

 > ng new angular-template-driven-forms-lab --routing

 > npm install bootstrap --save

  "apps": [
    {
      "styles": [
    "../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css",
        "styles.css"
      ],

>ng g c welcome
>ng g c PageNotFound

@NgModule({
  declarations: [
    AppComponent,
    WelcomeComponent,
    PageNotFoundComponent
  ],

import { PageNotFoundComponent } from './page-not-found/page-not-found.component';
import { WelcomeComponent } from './welcome/welcome.component';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { Routes, RouterModule } from '@angular/router';

const routes: Routes = [
  { path: 'welcome', component: WelcomeComponent },
  { path: '', redirectTo: 'welcome', pathMatch: 'full' },
  { path: '**', component: PageNotFoundComponent }
];

@NgModule({
  imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes)],
  exports: [RouterModule]
})
export class AppRoutingModule { }

<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
  <div class="container-fluid">
    <a class="navbar-brand">{{title}}</a>
    <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
      <li>
        <a [routerLink]="['/']">Home</a>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</nav>
<div class="container">
  <router-outlet></router-outlet>
</div>

import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms';

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    FormsModule,
    AppRoutingModule
  ]

 >ng g m Employee -m app.module --routing

 installing module
  create src\app\employee\employee-routing.module.ts
  create src\app\employee\employee.module.ts
  update src\app\app.module.ts

import { EmployeeRoutingModule } from './employee/employee-routing.module';

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    FormsModule,
    AppRoutingModule,
    EmployeeRoutingModule
  ]

import { EmployeeModule } from './employee/employee.module';

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    FormsModule,    
    EmployeeModule,
    AppRoutingModule 
  ]

 >ng g c employee/employee-register

 installing component
  create src\app\employee\employee-register\employee-register.component.css
  create src\app\employee\employee-register\employee-register.component.html
  create src\app\employee\employee-register\employee-register.component.spec.ts
  create src\app\employee\employee-register\employee-register.component.ts
  update src\app\employee\employee.module.ts

import { EmployeeRegisterComponent } from './employee-register/employee-register.component';

@NgModule({
  declarations: [EmployeeRegisterComponent]

import { EmployeeRegisterComponent } from './employee-register/employee-register.component';

const routes: Routes = [
  { path: 'register', component: EmployeeRegisterComponent }
];

    <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
      <li>
        <a [routerLink]="['/']">Home</a>
      </li>
      <li>
        <a [routerLink]="['/register']">Register</a>
      </li>
    </ul>

public static class ExpandoXml
{
    public static dynamic AsExpando(this XDocument document)
    {
        return CreateExpando(document.Root);
    }

    private static dynamic CreateExpando(XElement element)
    {
        var result = new ExpandoObject() as IDictionary<string, object>;
        if (element.Elements().Any(e => e.HasElements))
        {
            var list = new List<ExpandoObject>();
            result.Add(element.Name.ToString(), list);
            foreach (var childElement in element.Elements())
            {
                list.Add(CreateExpando(childElement));
            }
        }
        else
        {
            foreach (var leafElement in element.Elements())
            {
                result.Add(leafElement.Name.ToString(), leafElement.Value);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
}

در تکه کد بالا از طریق متد CreateExpando به صورت بازگشتی ابتدا بررسی می‌شود که آیا عنصر جاری دارای عناصری می‌باشد و همچنین آیا آنها دارای فرزند می‌باشند یا خیر؛ در صورت برقراری شرط، نتیجه‌ی اجرای متد CreateExpando بر روی تک تک عناصر فرزند را درون لیستی از ExpandoObject قرار داده و سپس آن لیست نیز به عنوان Value عنصر جاری در نظر گرفته می‌شود. در صورت عدم برقراری شرط مذکور، مقادیر مربوط به عناصر فرزند را در قالب یک ExpandoObject به عنوان خروجی بازگشت خواهد داد.

    public class DynamicXml : DynamicObject, IEnumerable
    {
        private readonly dynamic _xml;
        public DynamicXml(string fileName)
        {
            _xml = XDocument.Load(fileName);
        }

        public DynamicXml(dynamic xml)
        {
            _xml = xml;
        }

        public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
        {
            foreach (var item in _xml.Elements())
            {
                yield return new DynamicXml(item);
            }
        }

        public override bool TryGetMember(GetMemberBinder binder, out object result)
        {
            var xml = _xml.Element(binder.Name);
            if (xml != null)
            {
                result = new DynamicXml(xml);
                return true;
            }

            var attribute = _xml.Attribute(binder.Name);
            if (attribute != null)
            {
                result = new DynamicXml(attribute);
                return true;
            }

            result = null;
            return false;
        }

        public static implicit operator string(DynamicXml xml)
        {
            return xml._xml.Value;
        }
    }

کلاس DynamicXml از طریق سازنده اول، نام فایل را دریافت کرده و از طریق LINQ to XML با استفاده از متد Load کلاس XDocument، فایل مورد نظر بارگذاری شده و درون فیلدی به نام xml_ از نوع dynamic نگه داشته می‌شود. کار بعدی، بازنویسی متد TryGetMember می‌باشد. در بدنه بازنویسی شده این متد ابتدا بررسی می‌شود که آیا با نام خصوصت درخواست شده عنصری در داده XML وجود دارد یا خیر؛ در صورت موجود بودن، پارامتر result با یک  وهله جدید از DynamicXml مقدار دهی می‌شود که عنصر یافت شده از طریق سازنده دوم، به عنوان داده xml برای مقدار دهی فیلد xml_ به عنوان آرگومان ارسال می‌شود. در صورت عدم وجود عنصر مذکور، بدنبال خصوصیتی با آن نام بوده و در صورت یافت شدن، باز به عنوان یک وهله DynamicXml برای مقدار دهی result استفاده می‌شود.

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var doc1 = XDocument.Load("Employees.xml");
            
            foreach (var element in doc1.Element("Employees").Elements("Employee"))
            {
                Console.WriteLine(element.Element("FirstName").Value);
            }

            dynamic doc2 = XDocument.Load("Employees.xml").AsExpando();
            foreach (var employee in doc2.Employees)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(employee.FirstName);
            }

            dynamic doc3 = new DynamicXml("Employees.xml");
            foreach (var employee in doc3.Employees)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(employee.FirstName);
                Console.WriteLine(employee.Id);
            }
        }
    }

@Component({
// ...
encapsulation: ViewEncapsulation.None,

یک لامپ و سوئیچ برق را درنظر بگیرید. زمانیکه لامپ مشاهده می‌کند سوئیچ برق در حالت روشن قرار گرفته‌است، روشن خواهد شد و برعکس. در اینجا به سوئیچ، subject و به لامپ، observer گفته می‌شود. هر زمان که حالت سوئیچ تغییر می‌کند، از طریق یک callback، وضعیت خود را به observer اعلام خواهد کرد. علت استفاده از callbackها، ارائه راه‌حل‌های عمومی است تا بتواند با انواع و اقسام اشیاء کار کند. به این ترتیب هر بار که شیء observer از نوع متفاوتی تعریف می‌شود (مثلا بجای لامپ یک خودرو قرار گیرد)، نیازی نخواهد بود تا subject را تغییر داد.

public abstract class Observer
    {
        protected Observable Observable;
        public abstract void Update();
    }

 public  class Observable
    {
        private readonly List<Observer> _observers = new List<Observer>();

        public void Attach(Observer observer)
        {
            _observers.Add(observer);
        }
        public void Dettach(Observer observer)
        {
            _observers.Remove(observer);
        }

        public void NotifyAllObservers()
        {
            foreach (var observer in _observers)
            {
                observer.Update();
            }
        }
    }

 public  class Switch:Observable
    {
        private bool _state;

        public bool ChangeState
        {
            set
            {
                _state = value;
                NotifyAllObservers();
            }
            get { return _state; }
        }
    }

   public class RedLED:Observer
    {
        private bool _on = false;
        public override void Update()
        {
            _on = !_on;
            Console.WriteLine($"Red LED is {((_on) ? "On" : "Off")}");
        }
    }

  public class GreenLED:Observer
    {
        private bool _on = false;
        public override void Update()
        {
            _on = !_on;
            Console.WriteLine($"Green LED is {((_on) ? "On" : "Off")}");
        }
    }

  public  class BlueLED:Observer
    {
        private bool _on = false;
        public override void Update()
        {
            _on = !_on;
            Console.WriteLine($"Blue LED is {((_on) ? "On" : "Off")}");
        }
    }

var greenLed=new GreenLED();
            var redLed=new RedLED();
            var blueLed=new BlueLED();

            var switchKey=new Switch();
            switchKey.Attach(greenLed);
            switchKey.Attach(redLed);
            switchKey.Attach(blueLed);

            switchKey.ChangeState = true;
            switchKey.ChangeState = false;

Green LED is On
Red LED is On
Blue LED is On
Green LED is Off
Red LED is Off
Blue LED is Off