using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Reflection;
using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Outlook;

namespace GAL
{
   //add a reference to Microsoft Outlook 12.0 Object Library
   class COutLook
   {
       public struct User
       {
           public string Name;
           public string Email;
       }

       public static List<User> ExchangeServerEmailAddresses(string userName)
       {
           List<User> res = new List<User>();
           //Create Outlook application
           Application outlookApp = new Application();
           //Get Mapi NameSpace and Logon
           NameSpace ns = outlookApp.GetNamespace("MAPI");
           ns.Logon(userName, Missing.Value, false, true);

           //Get Global Address List
           AddressLists addressLists = ns.AddressLists;
           AddressList globalAddressList = addressLists["Global Address List"];
           AddressEntries entries = globalAddressList.AddressEntries;
           foreach (AddressEntry entry in entries)
           {
               ExchangeUser user = entry.GetExchangeUser();
               if (user != null && user.PrimarySmtpAddress != null && entry.Name != null)
                   res.Add(new User
                           {
                               Name = entry.Name,
                               Email = user.PrimarySmtpAddress
                           });
           }

           ns.Logoff();

           // Clean up.
           outlookApp = null;
           ns = null;
           addressLists = null;
           globalAddressList = null;
           entries = null;

           return res;
       }
   }
}

List<COutLook.User> data = COutLook.ExchangeServerEmailAddresses("nasiri");
foreach (var list in data)
{
  //....
}

/// Example: "00001.00042.00005".

/// Example: "00001.00042.00006".

    public class OrganizationalUnit : TrackableEntity<User>, IHasRowVersion, IPassivable
    {
        #region Constants

        /// <summary>
        /// Maximum depth of an UO hierarchy.
        /// </summary>
        public const int MaxDepth = 16;

        /// <summary>
        /// Length of a code unit between dots.
        /// </summary>
        public const int PathUnitLength = 5;

        /// <summary>
        /// Maximum length of the <see cref="Path"/> property.
        /// </summary>
        public const int MaxPathLength = MaxDepth * (PathUnitLength + 1) - 1;

        public const char HierarchicalDisplayNameSeperator = '»';

        #endregion

        #region Properties

        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string NormalizedName { get; set; }
        public string HierarchicalDisplayName { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// Hierarchical Path of this organization unit.
        /// Example: "00001.00042.00005".
        /// It's changeable if OU hierarch is changed.
        /// </summary>
        public string Path { get; set; }
        public bool IsActive { get; set; } = true;
        public byte[] RowVersion { get; set; }

        #endregion

        #region Navigation Properties

        public OrganizationalUnit Parent { get; set; }
        public long? ParentId { get; set; }
        public ICollection<OrganizationalUnit> Children { get; set; } = new HashSet<OrganizationalUnit>();
        public ICollection<UserOrganizationalUnit> UserOrganizationalUnits { get; set; } =
            new HashSet<UserOrganizationalUnit>();

        #endregion

        #region Public Methods

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates path for given numbers.
        /// Example: if numbers are 4,2 then returns "00004.00002";
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="numbers">Numbers</param>
        public static string CreatePath(params int[] numbers)
        {
            if (numbers.IsNullOrEmpty())
            {
                return null;
            }

            return numbers.Select(number => number.ToString(new string('0', PathUnitLength))).JoinAsString(".");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Appends a child path to a parent path. 
        /// Example: if parentPath = "00001", childPath = "00042" then returns "00001.00042".
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="parentPath">Parent path. Can be null or empty if parent is a root.</param>
        /// <param name="childPath">Child path.</param>
        public static string AppendPath(string parentPath, string childPath)
        {
            if (childPath.IsNullOrEmpty())
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(childPath), "childPath can not be null or empty.");
            }

            if (parentPath.IsNullOrEmpty())
            {
                return childPath;
            }

            return parentPath + "." + childPath;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets relative path to the parent.
        /// Example: if path = "00019.00055.00001" and parentPath = "00019" then returns "00055.00001".
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">The path.</param>
        /// <param name="parentPath">The parent path.</param>
        public static string GetRelativePath(string path, string parentPath)
        {
            if (path.IsNullOrEmpty())
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(path), "Path can not be null or empty.");
            }

            if (parentPath.IsNullOrEmpty())
            {
                return path;
            }

            if (path.Length == parentPath.Length)
            {
                return null;
            }

            return path.Substring(parentPath.Length + 1);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Calculates next path for given path.
        /// Example: if code = "00019.00055.00001" returns "00019.00055.00002".
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">The path.</param>
        public static string CalculateNextPath(string path)
        {
            if (path.IsNullOrEmpty())
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(path), "Path can not be null or empty.");
            }

            var parentPath = GetParentPath(path);
            var lastUnitPath = GetLastUnitPath(path);

            return AppendPath(parentPath, CreatePath(Convert.ToInt32(lastUnitPath) + 1));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the last unit path.
        /// Example: if path = "00019.00055.00001" returns "00001".
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">The path.</param>
        public static string GetLastUnitPath(string path)
        {
            if (path.IsNullOrEmpty())
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(path), "Path can not be null or empty.");
            }

            var splittedPath = path.Split('.');
            return splittedPath[splittedPath.Length - 1];
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets parent path.
        /// Example: if path = "00019.00055.00001" returns "00019.00055".
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">The path.</param>
        public static string GetParentPath(string path)
        {
            if (path.IsNullOrEmpty())
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(path), "Path can not be null or empty.");
            }

            var splittedPath = path.Split('.');
            if (splittedPath.Length == 1)
            {
                return null;
            }

            return splittedPath.Take(splittedPath.Length - 1).JoinAsString(".");
        }

        #endregion
    }

       public virtual async Task<string> GetNextChildPathAsync(long? parentId)
        {
            var lastChild = await GetLastChildOrNullAsync(parentId).ConfigureAwait(false);
            if (lastChild == null)
            {
                var parentPath = parentId != null ? await GetPathAsync(parentId.Value).ConfigureAwait(false) : null;
                return OrganizationalUnit.AppendPath(parentPath, OrganizationalUnit.CreatePath(1));
            }

            return OrganizationalUnit.CalculateNextPath(lastChild.Path);
        }

        public async Task<string> GetNextChildHierarchicalDisplayNameAsync(string name, long? parentId)
        {
            var parent = parentId != null
                ? await _organizationalUnits.SingleOrDefaultAsync(a => a.Id == parentId.Value).ConfigureAwait(false)
                : null;

            return parent == null
                ? name
                : $"{parent.HierarchicalDisplayName} {OrganizationalUnit.HierarchicalDisplayNameSeperator} {name}";
        }

        public virtual async Task<OrganizationalUnit> GetLastChildOrNullAsync(long? parentId)
        {
            return await _organizationalUnits.OrderByDescending(c => c.Path)
                .FirstOrDefaultAsync(ou => ou.ParentId == parentId).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }

        public virtual async Task<string> GetPathAsync(long id)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotZero(id, nameof(id));
            var organizationalUnit = await _organizationalUnits.SingleOrDefaultAsync(ou => ou.Id == id).ConfigureAwait(false);
            if (organizationalUnit == null)
            {
                throw new KeyNotFoundException();
            }
            return organizationalUnit.Path;
        }

        public async Task<List<OrganizationalUnit>> FindChildrenAsync(long? parentId, bool recursive = false)
        {
            if (!recursive)
            {
                return await _organizationalUnits.Where(ou => ou.ParentId == parentId).ToListAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
            }

            if (!parentId.HasValue)
            {
                return await _organizationalUnits.ToListAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
            }

            var path = await GetPathAsync(parentId.Value).ConfigureAwait(false);

            return await _organizationalUnits.Where(
                ou => ou.Path.StartsWith(path) && ou.Id != parentId.Value).ToListAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
        }

        public virtual async Task MoveAsync(long id, long? parentId)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotZero(id, nameof(id));
            var organizationalUnit = await _organizationalUnits.SingleOrDefaultAsync(ou => ou.Id == id).ConfigureAwait(false);
            if (organizationalUnit == null || organizationalUnit.ParentId == parentId)
            {
                return;
            }

            //Should find children before Path change
            var children = await FindChildrenAsync(id, true).ConfigureAwait(false);

            //Store old Path of OU
            var oldPath = organizationalUnit.Path;

            //Move OU
            organizationalUnit.Path = await GetNextChildPathAsync(parentId).ConfigureAwait(false);
            organizationalUnit.ParentId = parentId;

            //Update Children Paths
            foreach (var child in children)
            {
                child.Path = OrganizationalUnit.AppendPath(organizationalUnit.Path, OrganizationalUnit.GetRelativePath(child.Path, oldPath));
            }
        }

• NotNull/NotEmpty
  
• Matches 
  
• InclusiveBetween 
  
• CreditCard 
  
• Email 
  
• EqualTo 
  
• Length 

public ActionResult Save([CustomizeValidator(RuleSet="MyRuleset")] Customer cust) {
  // ...
}

public interface IValidatorFactory {
   IValidator<T> GetValidator<T>();
   IValidator GetValidator(Type type);
}

ObjectFactory.Configure(cfg => cfg.AddRegistry(new MyRegistry()));
 
public class MyRegistry : Registry {
    public MyRegistry() {
        For<IValidator<Person>>()
    .Singleton()
    .Use<PersonValidator>();
    }
}

public class MyRegistry : Registry {
   public MyRegistry() {
 
     AssemblyScanner.FindValidatorsInAssemblyContaining<MyValidator>()
       .ForEach(result => {
            For(result.InterfaceType)
               .Singleton()
               .Use(result.ValidatorType);
       });
   }
}

protected void Application_Start() {
    RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
 
    //Configure structuremap
    ObjectFactory.Configure(cfg => cfg.AddRegistry(new MyRegistry()));
    ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new StructureMapControllerFactory());
 
    //Configure FV to use StructureMap
    var factory = new StructureMapValidatorFactory();
 
    //Tell MVC to use FV for validation
    ModelValidatorProviders.Providers.Add(new FluentValidationModelValidatorProvider(factory));        
    DataAnnotationsModelValidatorProvider.AddImplicitRequiredAttributeForValueTypes = false;
}

PS> "" | Get-Member

   TypeName: System.String

Name                 MemberType            Definition
----                 ----------            ----------
Clone                Method                System.Object Clone(), System.Object ICloneable.Clone()
CompareTo            Method                int CompareTo(System.Object value), int CompareTo(strin…
Contains             Method                bool Contains(string value), bool Contains(string value…
CopyTo               Method                void CopyTo(int sourceIndex, char[] destination, int de…
EndsWith             Method                bool EndsWith(string value), bool EndsWith(string value…
EnumerateRunes       Method                System.Text.StringRuneEnumerator EnumerateRunes()
Equals               Method                bool Equals(System.Object obj), bool Equals(string valu…
GetEnumerator        Method                System.CharEnumerator GetEnumerator(), System.Collectio…
GetHashCode          Method                int GetHashCode(), int GetHashCode(System.StringCompari…
GetPinnableReference Method                System.Char&, System.Private.CoreLib, Version=6.0.0.0, …
GetType              Method                type GetType()
GetTypeCode          Method                System.TypeCode GetTypeCode(), System.TypeCode IConvert…
IndexOf              Method                int IndexOf(char value), int IndexOf(char value, int st…
IndexOfAny           Method                int IndexOfAny(char[] anyOf), int IndexOfAny(char[] any…
Insert               Method                string Insert(int startIndex, string value)
IsNormalized         Method                bool IsNormalized(), bool IsNormalized(System.Text.Norm…
LastIndexOf          Method                int LastIndexOf(string value, int startIndex), int Last…
LastIndexOfAny       Method                int LastIndexOfAny(char[] anyOf), int LastIndexOfAny(ch…
Normalize            Method                string Normalize(), string Normalize(System.Text.Normal…
PadLeft              Method                string PadLeft(int totalWidth), string PadLeft(int tota…
PadRight             Method                string PadRight(int totalWidth), string PadRight(int to…
Remove               Method                string Remove(int startIndex, int count), string Remove…
Replace              Method                string Replace(string oldValue, string newValue, bool i…
ReplaceLineEndings   Method                string ReplaceLineEndings(), string ReplaceLineEndings(…
Split                Method                string[] Split(char separator, System.StringSplitOption…
StartsWith           Method                bool StartsWith(string value), bool StartsWith(string v…
Substring            Method                string Substring(int startIndex), string Substring(int …
ToBoolean            Method                bool IConvertible.ToBoolean(System.IFormatProvider prov…
ToByte               Method                byte IConvertible.ToByte(System.IFormatProvider provide…
ToChar               Method                char IConvertible.ToChar(System.IFormatProvider provide…
ToCharArray          Method                char[] ToCharArray(), char[] ToCharArray(int startIndex…
ToDateTime           Method                datetime IConvertible.ToDateTime(System.IFormatProvider…
ToDecimal            Method                decimal IConvertible.ToDecimal(System.IFormatProvider p…
ToDouble             Method                double IConvertible.ToDouble(System.IFormatProvider pro…
ToInt16              Method                short IConvertible.ToInt16(System.IFormatProvider provi…
ToInt32              Method                int IConvertible.ToInt32(System.IFormatProvider provide…
ToInt64              Method                long IConvertible.ToInt64(System.IFormatProvider provid…
ToLower              Method                string ToLower(), string ToLower(cultureinfo culture)
ToLowerInvariant     Method                string ToLowerInvariant()
ToSByte              Method                sbyte IConvertible.ToSByte(System.IFormatProvider provi…
ToSingle             Method                float IConvertible.ToSingle(System.IFormatProvider prov…
ToString             Method                string ToString(), string ToString(System.IFormatProvid…
ToType               Method                System.Object IConvertible.ToType(type conversionType, …
ToUInt16             Method                ushort IConvertible.ToUInt16(System.IFormatProvider pro…
ToUInt32             Method                uint IConvertible.ToUInt32(System.IFormatProvider provi…
ToUInt64             Method                ulong IConvertible.ToUInt64(System.IFormatProvider prov…
ToUpper              Method                string ToUpper(), string ToUpper(cultureinfo culture)
ToUpperInvariant     Method                string ToUpperInvariant()
Trim                 Method                string Trim(), string Trim(char trimChar), string Trim(…
TrimEnd              Method                string TrimEnd(), string TrimEnd(char trimChar), string…
TrimStart            Method                string TrimStart(), string TrimStart(char trimChar), st…
TryCopyTo            Method                bool TryCopyTo(System.Span[char] destination)
Chars                ParameterizedProperty char Chars(int index) {get;}
Length               Property              int Length {get;}

$stringVariable = "Hello World"
$letter = 'A'
$isEnabled = $false
$age = 33
$height = 76
$doubleVar = 54321.21
$singleVar = 76549.11
$longVar = 2382.22
$dateVar = "July 24, 1986"
$arrayVar = "A", "B", "C"
$hashtableVar = @{ Name = "Sirwan"; Age = 33; }

[string]$stringVariable = "Hello World"
[char]$letter = 'A'
[bool]$isEnabled = $false
[int]$age = 33
[decimal]$height = 76
[double]$doubleVar = 54321.21
[single]$singleVar = 76549.11
[long]$longVar = 2382.22
[DateTime]$dateVar = "July 24, 1986"
[array]$arrayVar = "A", "B", "C"
[hashtable]$hashtableVar = @{ Name = "Sirwan"; Age = 33; }

$global:stringVariable = "Hello World"

// Or

[string]$global:stringVariable = "Hello World"

//_EntityFormLayout.cshtml

@inherits EntityFormRazorPage<dynamic>
@{
    Layout = null;
}
<div class="modal-header">
    <h4 class="modal-title" asp-if="IsNew">Create New @EntityDisplayName</h4>
    <h4 class="modal-title" asp-if="!IsNew">Edit @EntityDisplayName</h4>
    <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal">&times;</button>
</div>
<form asp-action="@(IsNew ? CreateActionName : EditActionName)" asp-modal-form="@FormId">
    <div class="modal-body">
        <input type="hidden" name="continue-editing" value="true" asp-permission="@EditPermission"/>
        <input asp-for="@Version" type="hidden"/>
        <input asp-for="@Id" type="hidden"/>
        @RenderBody()
    </div>
    <div class="modal-footer">

        <a class="btn btn-light btn-circle" asp-modal-delete-link asp-model-id="@Id" asp-modal-toggle="false"
           asp-action="@DeleteActionName" asp-if="!IsNew" asp-permission="@DeletePermission"
           title="Delete Role">
            <i class="fa fa-trash text-danger"></i>
        </a>

        <a class="btn btn-light btn-circle" title="Refresh Role" asp-if="!IsNew" asp-modal-link asp-modal-toggle="false"
           asp-action="@EditActionName" asp-route-id="@Id">
            <i class="fa fa-repeat"></i>
        </a>
        <a class="btn btn-light btn-circle mr-auto" title="New Role" asp-modal-link asp-modal-toggle="false"
           asp-permission="@CreatePermission"
           asp-action="@CreateActionName">
            <i class="fa fa-plus"></i>
        </a>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-light" data-dismiss="modal">
            <i class="fa fa-ban"></i>&nbsp; Cancel
        </button>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-primary">
            <i class="fa fa-save"></i>&nbsp;Save Changes
        </button>
    </div>
</form>

    public abstract class EntityFormRazorPage<T> : RazorPage<T>
    {
        protected string EntityName
        {
            get => ViewData[nameof(EntityName)].ToString();
            set => ViewData[nameof(EntityName)] = value;
        }

        protected string EntityDisplayName
        {
            get => ViewData[nameof(EntityDisplayName)].ToString();
            set => ViewData[nameof(EntityDisplayName)] = value;
        }

        protected string DeletePermission
        {
            get => ViewData[nameof(DeletePermission)].ToString();
            set => ViewData[nameof(DeletePermission)] = value;
        }

        protected string CreatePermission
        {
            get => ViewData[nameof(CreatePermission)].ToString();
            set => ViewData[nameof(CreatePermission)] = value;
        }

        protected string EditPermission
        {
            get => ViewData[nameof(EditPermission)].ToString();
            set => ViewData[nameof(EditPermission)] = value;
        }

        protected string CreateActionName
        {
            get => ViewData.TryGetValue(nameof(CreateActionName), out var value) ? value.ToString() : "Create";
            set => ViewData[nameof(CreateActionName)] = value;
        }

        protected string EditActionName
        {
            get => ViewData.TryGetValue(nameof(EditActionName), out var value) ? value.ToString() : "Edit";
            set => ViewData[nameof(EditActionName)] = value;
        }

        protected string DeleteActionName
        {
            get => ViewData.TryGetValue(nameof(DeleteActionName), out var value) ? value.ToString() : "Delete";
            set => ViewData[nameof(DeleteActionName)] = value;
        }

        protected string FormId => $"{EntityName}Form";
        protected bool IsNew => (Model as dynamic).IsNew();
        protected string Id => (Model as dynamic).Id.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
        protected byte[] Version => (Model as dynamic).Version;
    }

//_BlogPartial.cshtml

@inherits EntityFormRazorPage<BlogModel>
@{
    Layout = "_EntityFormLayout";
    ...
}

<div class="form-group row">
    <div class="col col-md-8">
        <label asp-for="Title" class="col-form-label text-md-left"></label>
        <input asp-for="Title" autocomplete="off" class="form-control"/>
        <span asp-validation-for="Title" class="text-danger"></span>
    </div>
</div>
<div class="form-group row">
    <div class="col">
        <label asp-for="Url" class="col-form-label text-md-left"></label>
        <input asp-for="Url" class="form-control" type="url"/>
        <span asp-validation-for="Url" class="text-danger"></span>
    </div>
</div>

//_BlogPartial.cshtml

@inherits EntityFormRazorPage<BlogModel>
@{
    Layout = "_EntityFormLayout";
    EntityName = "Blog";
    DeletePermission = PermissionNames.Blogs_Delete;
    CreatePermission = PermissionNames.Blogs_Create;
    EditPermission = PermissionNames.Blogs_Edit;
    EntityDisplayName = "Blog";
}

@Html.EditorForModel()