01. Introduction to Routing
02. Websites of Yore
03. Single Page Applications
04. Demo - Adding Your First Route
05. Demo - More Routing and Browser History
06. Demo - Creating a Default Route
07. Demo - Accessing Parameters from the Route
08. Demo - Using the $route Service
09. Demo - Enabling HTML5 Routing
10. Demo - Template and Resolve Properties
11. Demo - Using the $location Service
12. Summary
13. Suggested Exercises

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operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try
again.
At line:1 char:1
+ VBoxManage.exe modifyvm "my mac" --cpuidset 00000001 000106e5 0010080 ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (VBoxManage.exe:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

In June of 2020 we will stop allowing new domains to validate via ACMEv1.

 A simple Windows ACMEv2 client (WACS)
 Software version 2.1.3.671 (RELEASE, PLUGGABLE)
 IIS version 7.5
 Running with administrator credentials
 Scheduled task not configured yet
 Please report issues at https://github.com/PKISharp/win-acme

 N: Create new certificate (simple for IIS)
 M: Create new certificate (full options)
 L: List scheduled renewals
 R: Renew scheduled
 S: Renew specific
 A: Renew *all*
 O: More options...
 Q: Quit

 Please choose from the menu: m

 Running in mode: Interactive, Advanced

  Please specify how the list of domain names that will be included in the
  certificate should be determined. If you choose for one of the "all bindings"
  options, the list will automatically be updated for future renewals to
  reflect the bindings at that time.

 1: IIS
 2: Manual input
 3: CSR created by another program
 C: Abort

 How shall we determine the domain(s) to include in the certificate?: 1

  Please select which website(s) should be scanned for host names. You may
  input one or more site identifiers (comma separated) to filter by those
  sites, or alternatively leave the input empty to scan *all* websites.

 1: Default Web Site (2 bindings)

 Site identifier(s) or <ENTER> to choose all: 1

 1: dotnettips.info (Site 1)
 2: www.dotnettips.info (Site 1)

  You may either choose to include all listed bindings as host names in your
  certificate, or apply an additional filter. Different types of filters are
  available.

 1: Pick specific bindings from the list
 2: Pick bindings based on a search pattern
 3: Pick bindings based on a regular expression
 4: Pick *all* bindings

 How do you want to pick the bindings?: 4

 1: dotnettips.info (Site 1)
 2: www.dotnettips.info (Site 1)

  Please pick the most important host name from the list. This will be
  displayed to your users as the subject of the certificate.

 Common name: 2

 1: dotnettips.info (Site 1)
 2: www.dotnettips.info (Site 1)

 Continue with this selection? (y*/n)  - yes

 Target generated using plugin IIS: www.dotnettips.info and 1 alternatives

 Suggested friendly name '[IIS] Default Web Site, (any host)', press <ENTER> to
accept or type an alternative: <Enter>

  The ACME server will need to verify that you are the owner of the domain
  names that you are requesting the certificate for. This happens both during
  initial setup *and* for every future renewal. There are two main methods of
  doing so: answering specific http requests (http-01) or create specific dns
  records (dns-01). For wildcard domains the latter is the only option. Various
  additional plugins are available from https://github.com/PKISharp/win-acme/.

 1: [http-01] Save verification files on (network) path
 2: [http-01] Serve verification files from memory (recommended)
 3: [http-01] Upload verification files via FTP(S)
 4: [http-01] Upload verification files via SSH-FTP
 5: [http-01] Upload verification files via WebDav
 6: [dns-01] Create verification records manually (auto-renew not possible)
 7: [dns-01] Create verification records with acme-dns (https://github.com/joohoi/acme-dns)
 8: [dns-01] Create verification records with your own script
 9: [tls-alpn-01] Answer TLS verification request from win-acme
 C: Abort

 How would you like prove ownership for the domain(s) in the certificate?: 2

  After ownership of the domain(s) has been proven, we will create a
  Certificate Signing Request (CSR) to obtain the actual certificate. The CSR
  determines properties of the certificate like which (type of) key to use. If
  you are not sure what to pick here, RSA is the safe default.

 1: Elliptic Curve key
 2: RSA key

 What kind of private key should be used for the certificate?: 2

  When we have the certificate, you can store in one or more ways to make it
  accessible to your applications. The Windows Certificate Store is the default
  location for IIS (unless you are managing a cluster of them).

 1: IIS Central Certificate Store (.pfx per domain)
 2: PEM encoded files (Apache, nginx, etc.)
 3: Windows Certificate Store
 C: Abort

 How would you like to store the certificate?: 3

 1: IIS Central Certificate Store (.pfx per domain)
 2: PEM encoded files (Apache, nginx, etc.)
 3: No additional storage steps required
 C: Abort

 Would you like to store it in another way too?: 3

  With the certificate saved to the store(s) of your choice, you may choose one
  or more steps to update your applications, e.g. to configure the new
  thumbprint, or to update bindings.

 1: Create or update https bindings in IIS
 2: Create or update ftps bindings in IIS
 3: Start external script or program
 4: Do not run any (extra) installation steps

 Which installation step should run first?: 1

 Use different site for installation? (y/n*)  - no

 1: Create or update ftps bindings in IIS
 2: Start external script or program
 3: Do not run any (extra) installation steps

 Add another installation step?: 3

 Enter email(s) for notifications about problems and abuse (comma seperated): name@site.com

 Terms of service:   C:\ProgramData\win-acme\acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org\LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf

 Open in default application? (y/n*)  - no

 Do you agree with the terms? (y*/n)  - yes

 Authorize identifier: dotnettips.info
 Authorizing dotnettips.info using http-01 validation (SelfHosting)
 Authorization result: valid
 Authorize identifier: www.dotnettips.info
 Authorizing www.dotnettips.info using http-01 validation (SelfHosting)
 Authorization result: valid
 Requesting certificate [IIS] Default Web Site, (any host)
 Store with CertificateStore...
 Installing certificate in the certificate store
 Adding certificate [IIS] Default Web Site, (any host) @ 2020/2/1 9:43:55 to store My
 Installing with IIS...
 Updating existing https binding www.dotnettips.info:443 (flags: 0)
 Updating existing https binding dotnettips.info:443 (flags: 0)
 Committing 2 https binding changes to IIS
 Adding Task Scheduler entry with the following settings
 - Name win-acme renew (acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org)
 - Path C:\Programs\win-acme.v2.1.3.671.x64.pluggable
 - Command wacs.exe --renew --baseuri "https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/"
 - Start at 09:00:00
 - Time limit 02:00:00

 Do you want to specify the user the task will run as? (y/n*)  - no

var state = Battery.State; //  Charging, Full, Discharging, ...

public class Recipe1Context : DbContext
{
    public Recipe1Context() : base("Recipe1ConnectionString") { }
    
    public DbSet<Order> Orders { get; set; }
    
    protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        modelBuilder.Entity<Order>().ToTable("Orders");
        // Following configuration enables timestamp to be concurrency token
        modelBuilder.Entity<Order>().Property(x => x.TimeStamp)
            .IsConcurrencyToken()
            .HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Computed);
    }
}

public class OrderController : ApiController
{
    // GET api/order
    public IEnumerable<Order> Get()
    {
        using (var context = new Recipe1Context())
        {
            return context.Orders.ToList();
        }
    }

    // GET api/order/5
    public Order Get(int id)
    {
        using (var context = new Recipe1Context())
        {
            return context.Orders.FirstOrDefault(x => x.OrderId == id);
        }
    }

    // POST api/order
    public HttpResponseMessage Post(Order order)
    {
        // Cleanup data from previous requests
        Cleanup();
        
        using (var context = new Recipe1Context())
        {
            context.Orders.Add(order);
            context.SaveChanges();
            // create HttpResponseMessage to wrap result, assigning Http Status code of 201,
            // which informs client that resource created successfully
            var response = Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Created, order);
            // add location of newly-created resource to response header
            response.Headers.Location = new Uri(Url.Link("DefaultApi",
                new { id = order.OrderId }));
            return response;
        }
    }

    // PUT api/order/5
    public HttpResponseMessage Put(Order order)
    {
        using (var context = new Recipe1Context())
        {
            context.Entry(order).State = EntityState.Modified;
            context.SaveChanges();
            // return Http Status code of 200, informing client that resouce updated successfully
            return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, order);
        }
    }

    // DELETE api/order/5
    public HttpResponseMessage Delete(int id)
    {
        using (var context = new Recipe1Context())
        {
            var order = context.Orders.FirstOrDefault(x => x.OrderId == id);
            context.Orders.Remove(order);
            context.SaveChanges();
            // Return Http Status code of 200, informing client that resouce removed successfully
            return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK);
        }
    }

    private void Cleanup()
    {
        using (var context = new Recipe1Context())
        {
            context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand("delete from [orders]");
        }
    }
}

private HttpClient _client;
private Order _order;

private static void Main()
{
    Task t = Run();
    t.Wait();
    
    Console.WriteLine("\nPress <enter> to continue...");
    Console.ReadLine();
}

private static async Task Run()
{
    // create instance of the program class
    var program = new Program();
    program.ServiceSetup();
    program.CreateOrder();
    // do not proceed until order is added
    await program.PostOrderAsync();
    program.ChangeOrder();
    // do not proceed until order is changed
    await program.PutOrderAsync();
    // do not proceed until order is removed
    await program.RemoveOrderAsync();
}

private void ServiceSetup()
{
    // map URL for Web API cal
    _client = new HttpClient { BaseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:3237/") };
    // add Accept Header to request Web API content
    // negotiation to return resource in JSON format
    _client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.
        Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
}

private void CreateOrder()
{
    // Create new order
    _order = new Order { Product = "Camping Tent", Quantity = 3, Status = "Received" };
}

private async Task PostOrderAsync()
{
    // leverage Web API client side API to call service
    var response = await _client.PostAsJsonAsync("api/order", _order);
    Uri newOrderUri;
    
    if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
    {
        // Capture Uri of new resource
        newOrderUri = response.Headers.Location;
        // capture newly-created order returned from service,
        // which will now include the database-generated Id value
        _order = await response.Content.ReadAsAsync<Order>();
        Console.WriteLine("Successfully created order. Here is URL to new resource: {0}",  newOrderUri);
    }
    else
        Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)response.StatusCode, response.ReasonPhrase);
}

private void ChangeOrder()
{
    // update order
    _order.Quantity = 10;
}

private async Task PutOrderAsync()
{
    // construct call to generate HttpPut verb and dispatch
    // to corresponding Put method in the Web API Service
    var response = await _client.PutAsJsonAsync("api/order", _order);
    
    if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
    {
        // capture updated order returned from service, which will include new quanity
        _order = await response.Content.ReadAsAsync<Order>();
        Console.WriteLine("Successfully updated order: {0}", response.StatusCode);
    }
    else
        Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)response.StatusCode, response.ReasonPhrase);
}

private async Task RemoveOrderAsync()
{
    // remove order
    var uri = "api/order/" + _order.OrderId;
    var response = await _client.DeleteAsync(uri);

    if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        Console.WriteLine("Sucessfully deleted order: {0}", response.StatusCode);
    else
        Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)response.StatusCode, response.ReasonPhrase);
}

شرح مثال جاری

با اجرای اپلیکیشن Web API شروع کنید. این اپلیکیشن یک کنترلر Web API دارد که پس از اجرا شما را به صفحه خانه هدایت می‌کند. در این مرحله اپلیکیشن در حال اجرا است و سرویس‌های ما قابل دسترسی هستند.

حال اپلیکیشن کنسول را باز کنید. روی خط اول کد program.cs یک breakpoint تعریف کرده و اپلیکیشن را اجرا کنید. ابتدا آدرس سرویس Web API را پیکربندی کرده و خاصیت Accept Header را مقدار دهی می‌کنیم. با این کار از سرویس مورد نظر درخواست می‌کنیم که داده‌ها را با فرمت JSON بازگرداند. سپس یک آبجکت Order می‌سازیم و با فراخوانی متد PostAsJsonAsync آن را به سرویس ارسال می‌کنیم. این متد روی آبجکت HttpClient تعریف شده است. اگر به اکشن متد Post در کنترلر Order یک breakpoint اضافه کنید، خواهید دید که این متد سفارش جدید را بعنوان یک پارامتر دریافت می‌کند و آن را به لیست موجودیت‌ها در Context جاری اضافه می‌نماید. این عمل باعث می‌شود که آبجکت جدید بعنوان Added علامت گذاری شود، در این مرحله Context جاری شروع به ردیابی تغییرات می‌کند. در آخر با فراخوانی متد SaveChanges داده‌ها را ذخیره می‌کنیم. در قدم بعدی کد وضعیت 201 (Created) و آدرس منبع جدید را در یک آبجکت HttpResponseMessage قرار می‌دهیم و به کلاینت ارسال می‌کنیم. هنگام استفاده از Web API باید اطمینان حاصل کنیم که کلاینت‌ها درخواست‌های ایجاد رکورد جدید را بصورت POST ارسال می‌کنند. درخواست‌های HTTP Post بصورت خودکار به اکشن متد متناظر نگاشت می‌شوند.

در مرحله بعد عملیات بعدی را اجرا می‌کنیم، تعداد سفارش را تغییر می‌دهیم و موجودیت جاری را با فراخوانی متد PutAsJsonAsync به سرویس Web API ارسال می‌کنیم. اگر به اکشن متد Put در کنترلر سرویس یک breakpoint اضافه کنید، خواهید دید که آبجکت سفارش بصورت یک پارامتر دریافت می‌شود. سپس با فراخوانی متد Entry و پاس دادن موجودیت جاری بعنوان رفرنس، خاصیت State را به Modified تغییر می‌دهیم، که این کار موجودیت را به Context جاری می‌چسباند. حال فراخوانی متد SaveChanges یک اسکریپت بروز رسانی تولید خواهد کرد. در مثال جاری تمام فیلدهای آبجکت Order را بروز رسانی می‌کنیم. در شماره‌های بعدی این سری از مقالات، خواهیم دید چگونه می‌توان تنها فیلدهایی را بروز رسانی کرد که تغییر کرده اند. در آخر عملیات را با بازگرداندن کد وضعیت 200 (OK) به اتمام می‌رسانیم.

در مرحله بعد، عملیات نهایی را اجرا می‌کنیم که موجودیت Order را از منبع داده حذف می‌کند. برای اینکار شناسه (Id) رکورد مورد نظر را به آدرس سرویس اضافه می‌کنیم و متد DeleteAsync را فراخوانی می‌کنیم. در سرویس Web API رکورد مورد نظر را از دیتابیس دریافت کرده و متد Remove را روی Context جاری فراخوانی می‌کنیم. این کار موجودیت مورد نظر را بعنوان Deleted علامت گذاری می‌کند. فراخوانی متد SaveChanges یک اسکریپت Delete تولید خواهد کرد که نهایتا منجر به حذف شدن رکورد می‌شود.

در یک اپلیکیشن واقعی بهتر است کد دسترسی داده‌ها از سرویس Web API تفکیک شود و در لایه مجزایی قرار گیرد.