In C#, null has no type, but most variables can be null; you can't really trust the type system. A Maybe, on the other hand, always has a type, which means that Maybe is a saner approach to the question of values that may or may not be present. 

MVC 6 should be out any day, so we need to be prepared.

The good thing is, it’s all very similar to MVC 5; the even better thing is, it got better! A couple of ways it is so cool, in my mind, are:

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="expression"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string PropertyName<T>(this Expression<Func<T, object>> expression)
        {
            return new PropertyHelper().GetNestedPropertyName(expression);
        }

• InvalidOperationException Writing is not allowed after writer was completed
• ICE on valid code after upgrading to 16.2.0
• CPU Usage Tool context menu does not navigate
• Wrong assembly when result of conversion operator is converted to reference to base class.
• DockerUpdateComposeVsGeneratedFiles throws "Value cannot be null" ("Parameter name: path1") after updating to Visual Studio 16.3
• CPU Usage Tool contect menu does not navigate.
• InvalidOperationException Writing is not allowed after writer was completed.
• Publish doesn't work in Visual Studio 16.3.1.
• This fixes an issue with the Snapshot Debugger where customers are using MSA accounts.
• Fixed an issue where customers trying to install Microsoft.Visualstuio.Shell.15.0 NuGet package received a warning message of Framework not found.
• Fixes MSVC compiler bug involving implicit conversion from a lambda to function pointer.
• Fixed issue with Visual Studio crashing due to null reference exception.
• A fix is made to address a compiler interal error when the code has a out-of-line definition of a static data member of a nested class inside a partial specialization. 

<ItemGroup>
   <DotNetCliToolReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet" Version="2.0.0" />
</ItemGroup>

warning : Using DotNetCliToolReference to reference 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet' is obsolete and can be removed from this project. This tool is bundled by default in the .NET Core SDK.
warning : Using DotNetCliToolReference to reference 'Microsoft.DotNet.Watcher.Tools' is obsolete and can be removed from this project. This tool is bundled by default in the .NET Core SDK.

 dotnet tool install -g example

 %USERPROFILE%\.dotnet\toolspkgs (Windows)
 $HOME/.dotnet/toolspkgs (macOS/Linux)

 %USERPROFILE%\.dotnet\tools

 ~/.dotnet/tools

Windows PowerShell:
setx PATH "$env:PATH;$env:USERPROFILE/.dotnet/tools"
Linux/macOS:
echo "export PATH=\"\$PATH:\$HOME/.dotnet/tools\"" >> ~/.bash_profile

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">  
   <PropertyGroup>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <IsPackable>true</IsPackable>
     <PackAsTool>true</PackAsTool>
     <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.1</TargetFramework>
   </PropertyGroup>  
</Project>

 dotnet pack -c Release

 dotnet tool install -g package-name

 PM> Update-Package

PM> Install-Package MahApps.Metro -Pre 
PM> Install-Package MahApps.Metro.Resources 
PM> Install-Package EntityFramework
PM> Install-Package structuremap
PM> Install-Package PropertyChanged.Fody
PM> Install-Package MvvmLight 
PM> Install-Package Microsoft.SqlServer.Compact

 The path is not valid. Check the directory for the database. [ Path = D:\...\bin\Debug\Db\db.sdf ]

<connectionStrings>
    <clear/>
    <add name="MyWpfFrameworkContext"
         connectionString="Data Source=|DataDirectory|\Db\db.sdf;Max Buffer Size=30720;File Mode=Read Write;"
         providerName="System.Data.SqlServerCE.4.0" />
  </connectionStrings>

 services.AddMvc();

app.Run(async (context) =>
{
   await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World!");
});

namespace Razor
{
    public class Startup
    {
        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        // For more information on how to configure your application, visit https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=398940
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddMvc();
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }

            //app.Run(async (context) =>
            //{
            //    await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World!");
            //});
        }
    }
}

namespace Razor.Models
{
    public class Product
    {
        public int ProductID { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Description { get; set; }
        public decimal Price { get; set; }
        public string Category { set; get; }
    }
}

namespace Razor.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        // GET: /<controller>/
        public ViewResult Index()
        {
            Product myProduct = new Product
            {
                ProductID = 1,
                Name = "Kayak",
                Description = "A boat for one person",
                Category = "Watersports",
                Price = 275M
            };
            return View(myProduct);
        }
    }
}

@model Razor.Models.Product
@{
    Layout = null;
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/>
    <title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
    Content will go here
</body>
</html>

@model Razor.Models.Product
@{
    Layout = null;
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/>
    <title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
  @Model.Name
</body>
</html>

 @using Razor.Models

@model Product
@{
    Layout = null;
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/>
    <title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
  @Model.Name
</body>
</html>

@{
    Layout = null;
}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        @RenderBody()
    </div>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
    <style>
        #mainDiv {
            padding: 20px;
            border: solid medium black;
            font-size: 20pt
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Product Information</h1>
    <div id="mainDiv">
        @RenderBody()
    </div>
</body>
</html>

@model Product
@{
    Layout = "_BasicLayout";
    ViewBag.Title = "Product";
}

@{
    Layout = "_Layout";
}

@{
    Layout = "_BasicLayout";
}
 

@model Product
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Product";
}

*@
@model Product
@{

    ViewBag.Title = "Product";
}
<p>Product Name: @Model.Name</p> <p>Product Price: @($"{Model.Price:C2}")</p>

 <p>Product Name: @Model.Name</p>

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Razor.Models;


namespace Razor.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        // GET: /<controller>/
        public ViewResult Index()
        {
            Product myProduct = new Product
            {
                ProductID = 1,
                Name = "Kayak",
                Description = "A boat for one person",
                Category = "Watersports",
                Price = 275M
            };
            return View(myProduct);
        }
    }
}

 <p>Product Name: @Model.Name</p> <p>Product Price: @($"{Model.Price:C2}")</p> <p>Stock Level: @ViewBag.StockLevel</p>

<div data-productid="1" data-stocklevel="2">    <p>Product Name: Kayak</p>    <p>Product Price: £275.00</p>    <p>Stock Level: 2</p> </div>

 <b>Low Stock (@ViewBag.StockLevel)</b>

dotnet add package FluentValidation.AspNetCore

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace FluentValidationSample.Models
{
    public class RegisterModel
    {
        [Required]
        [Display(Name = "User name")]
        public string UserName { get; set; }

        [Required]
        [StringLength(100, ErrorMessage = "The {0} must be at least {2} characters long.", MinimumLength = 6)]
        [DataType(DataType.Password)]
        [Display(Name = "Password")]
        public string Password { get; set; }

        [DataType(DataType.Password)]
        [Display(Name = "Confirm password")]
        [Compare("Password", ErrorMessage = "The password and confirmation password do not match.")]
        public string ConfirmPassword { get; set; }

        [DataType(DataType.EmailAddress)]
        [Display(Name = "Email")]
        [EmailAddress]
        public string Email { get; set; }

        [Range(18, 60)]
        [Display(Name = "Age")]
        public int Age { get; set; }
    }
}

using FluentValidation;

namespace FluentValidationSample.Models
{
    public class RegisterModelValidator : AbstractValidator<RegisterModel>
    {
        public RegisterModelValidator()
        {
            RuleFor(x => x.UserName).NotNull();
            RuleFor(x => x.Password).NotNull().Length(6, 100);
            RuleFor(x => x.ConfirmPassword).Equal(x => x.Password);
            RuleFor(x => x.Email).EmailAddress();
            RuleFor(x => x.Age).InclusiveBetween(18, 60);
        }
    }
}

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace FluentValidationSample.Models
{
    public class RegisterModel
    {
        [Display(Name = "User name")]
        public string UserName { get; set; }

        [DataType(DataType.Password)]
        [Display(Name = "Password")]
        public string Password { get; set; }

        [DataType(DataType.Password)]
        [Display(Name = "Confirm password")]
        public string ConfirmPassword { get; set; }

        [DataType(DataType.EmailAddress)]
        [Display(Name = "Email")]
        public string Email { get; set; }

        [Display(Name = "Age")]
        public int Age { get; set; }
    }
}

using FluentValidation;

namespace FluentValidationSample.Models
{
    public class RegisterModelValidator : AbstractValidator<RegisterModel>
    {
        public RegisterModelValidator()
        {
            RuleFor(x => x.UserName)
                .NotNull()
                    .WithMessage("Your first name is required.")
                .MaximumLength(20)
                    .WithMessage("Your first name is too long!")
                .MinimumLength(3)
                    .WithMessage(registerModel => $"Your first name `{registerModel.UserName}` is too short!");

            RuleFor(x => x.Password)
                .NotNull()
                    .WithMessage("Your password is required.")
                .Length(6, 100);

            RuleFor(x => x.ConfirmPassword)
                .NotNull()
                    .WithMessage("Your confirmation password is required.")
                .Equal(x => x.Password)
                    .WithMessage("The password and confirmation password do not match.");

            RuleFor(x => x.Email).EmailAddress();
            RuleFor(x => x.Age).InclusiveBetween(18, 60);
        }
    }
}

using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using FluentValidation;

namespace FluentValidationSample.Models
{
    public class RegisterModelValidator : AbstractValidator<RegisterModel>
    {
        public RegisterModelValidator()
        {
            RuleFor(x => x.Password)
                .NotNull()
                    .WithMessage("Your password is required.")
                .Length(6, 100)
                .Must(password => hasValidPassword(password));
            //...

        }

        private static bool hasValidPassword(string password)
        {
            var lowercase = new Regex("[a-z]+");
            var uppercase = new Regex("[A-Z]+");
            var digit = new Regex("(\\d)+");
            var symbol = new Regex("(\\W)+");
            return lowercase.IsMatch(password) &&
                    uppercase.IsMatch(password) &&
                    digit.IsMatch(password) &&
                    symbol.IsMatch(password);
        }
    }
}

RuleFor(x => x.Password)
    .NotNull()
        .WithMessage("Your password is required.")
    .Length(6, 100)
    .Must(hasValidPassword);

using System;
using FluentValidation;
using FluentValidation.Validators;

namespace FluentValidationSample.Models
{
    public class EmailFromDomainValidator : PropertyValidator
    {
        private readonly string _domain;

        public EmailFromDomainValidator(string domain)
            : base("Email address {PropertyValue} is not from domain {domain}")
        {
            _domain = domain;
        }

        protected override bool IsValid(PropertyValidatorContext context)
        {
            if (context.PropertyValue == null) return false;
            var split = context.PropertyValue.ToString().Split('@');
            return split.Length == 2 && split[1].Equals(_domain, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
        }
    }
}

RuleFor(x => x.Email)
    .SetValidator(new EmailFromDomainValidator("gmail.com"));

    public static class CustomValidatorExtensions
    {
        public static IRuleBuilderOptions<T, string> EmailAddressFromDomain<T>(
            this IRuleBuilder<T, string> ruleBuilder, string domain)
        {
            return ruleBuilder.SetValidator(new EmailFromDomainValidator(domain));
        }
    }

RuleFor(x => x.Email).EmailAddressFromDomain("gmail.com");

    public class RegisterModel
    {
        // ...

        public Address Address { get; set; }

        public ICollection<Phone> Phones { get; set; }
    }

    public class Phone
    {
        public string Number { get; set; }
        public string Description { get; set; }
    }

    public class Address
    {
        public string Location { get; set; }
        public string PostalCode { get; set; }
    }

    public class PhoneValidator : AbstractValidator<Phone>
    {
        public PhoneValidator()
        {
            RuleFor(x => x.Number).NotNull();
        }
    }

    public class AddressValidator : AbstractValidator<Address>
    {
        public AddressValidator()
        {
            RuleFor(x => x.PostalCode).NotNull();
            RuleFor(x => x.Location).NotNull();
        }
    }

    public class RegisterModelValidator : AbstractValidator<RegisterModel>
    {
        public RegisterModelValidator()
        {
            // ...

            RuleFor(x => x.Address).SetValidator(new AddressValidator());

            RuleForEach(x => x.Phones).SetValidator(new PhoneValidator());
        }