<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
    <ItemGroup>
        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.BannedApiAnalyzers" Version="3.3.3">
            <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
            <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
        </PackageReference>
    </ItemGroup>
    <ItemGroup>
        <AdditionalFiles Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)BannedSymbols.txt" Link="Properties/BannedSymbols.txt"/>
    </ItemGroup>
</Project>

# https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn-analyzers/blob/main/src/Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.BannedApiAnalyzers/BannedApiAnalyzers.Help.md
T:System.Collections.ICollection;Don't use a non-generic data structure.
T:System.Collections.Hashtable;Don't use a non-generic data structure.
T:System.Collections.ArrayList;Don't use a non-generic data structure.
T:System.Collections.SortedList;Don't use a non-generic data structure.
T:System.Collections.Stack;Don't use a non-generic data structure.
T:System.Collections.Queue;Don't use a non-generic data structure.

/// <summary>
///     This custom IDictionary doesn't throw a KeyNotFoundException while accessing its value by a given key
/// </summary>
public interface INullValueDictionary<TKey, TValue> : IDictionary<TKey, TValue>
{
    new TValue this[TKey key] { get; set; }
}

/// <summary>
///     This custom IDictionary doesn't throw a KeyNotFoundException while accessing its value by a given key
/// </summary>
public class NullValueDictionary<TKey, TValue> : Dictionary<TKey, TValue>, INullValueDictionary<TKey, TValue>
{
    public new TValue this[TKey key]
    {
        get => TryGetValue(key, out var val) ? val : default;
        set => base[key] = value;
    }
}

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen();

var app = builder.Build();

if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseSwagger();
    app.UseSwaggerUI();
}

app.UseHttpsRedirection();

var summaries = new[]
{
    "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"
};

app.MapGet("/weatherforecast", () =>
{
    var forecast =  Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index =>
        new WeatherForecast
        (
            DateTime.Now.AddDays(index),
            Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
            summaries[Random.Shared.Next(summaries.Length)]
        ))
        .ToArray();
    return forecast;
})
.WithName("GetWeatherForecast");

app.Run();

record WeatherForecast(DateTime Date, int TemperatureC, string? Summary)
{
    public int TemperatureF => 32 + (int)(TemperatureC / 0.5556);
}

// ...

app.UseHttpsRedirection();

app.MapGet("/api/authors", async (MinimalBlogDbContext ctx) =>
{
    var authors = await ctx.Authors.ToListAsync();
    return authors;
});

app.Run();

//...

app.UseHttpsRedirection();

//...

app.MapPost("/api/authors", async (MinimalBlogDbContext ctx, AuthorDto authorDto) =>
{
    var author = new Author();
    author.FirstName = authorDto.FirstName;
    author.LastName = authorDto.LastName;
    author.Bio = authorDto.Bio;
    author.DateOfBirth = authorDto.DateOfBirth;

    ctx.Authors.Add(author);
    await ctx.SaveChangesAsync();

    return author;
});

app.Run();

internal record AuthorDto(string FirstName, string LastName, DateTime DateOfBirth, string? Bio);

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using MinimalBlog.Dal;

namespace MinimalBlog.Api.Extensions;

public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
{
    public static IServiceCollection AddApplicationServices(this IServiceCollection services,
        WebApplicationBuilder builder)
    {
        if (builder == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(builder));
        }

        builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();
        builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen();

        var connectionString = builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("Default");
        builder.Services.AddDbContext<MinimalBlogDbContext>(opt => opt.UseSqlServer(connectionString));

        return services;
    }
}

namespace MinimalBlog.Api.Extensions;

public static class WebApplicationExtensions
{
    public static WebApplication ConfigureApplication(this WebApplication app)
    {
        if (app == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(app));
        }

        if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseSwagger();
            app.UseSwaggerUI();
        }

        app.UseHttpsRedirection();

        return app;
    }
}

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddApplicationServices(builder);

var app = builder.Build();
app.ConfigureApplication();

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var app = builder.Build();

app.MapGet("/", () => "Hello World!");

app.Run();

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
  <PropertyGroup>
      <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
   </PropertyGroup>
</Project>

public class Startup
{
    public Startup(IConfigurationRoot configuration)
    {
        Configuration = configuration;
    }

    public IConfigurationRoot Configuration { get; }

    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        // ...
    }

    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostApplicationLifetime lifetime)
    {
        // ...
    }
}

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var startup = new Startup(builder.Configuration);
startup.ConfigureServices(builder.Services);
var app = builder.Build();
startup.Configure(app, app.Lifetime);
app.Run();

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
ConfigureConfiguration(builder.configuration);
ConfigureServices(builder.Services);
var app = builder.Build();
ConfigureMiddleware(app, app.Services);
ConfigureEndpoints(app, app.Services);
app.Run();

void ConfigureConfiguration(ConfigurationManager configuration) => { }

void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) => { }

void ConfigureMiddleware(IApplicationBuilder app, IServiceProvider services) => { }

void ConfigureEndpoints(IEndpointRouteBuilder app, IServiceProvider services) => { }

public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)
public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, CancellationToken cancellationToken, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)
public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, ParallelOptions parallelOptions, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)
public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IAsyncEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)
public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IAsyncEnumerable<TSource> source, CancellationToken cancellationToken, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)
public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IAsyncEnumerable<TSource> source, ParallelOptions parallelOptions, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)

customers.ForEach(c => SendEmailAsync(c));

foreach(var c in customers)
{
    SendEmailAsync(c); // the return task is ignored
}

customers.ForEach(async c => await SendEmailAsync(c));

foreach(var c in customers)
{
   await SendEmailAsync(c);
}

foreach(var o in orders)
{
    await ProcessOrderAsync(o);
}

var tasks = orders.Select(o => ProcessOrderAsync(o)).ToList();
await Task.WhenAll(tasks);

چرا و در چه زمانی باید به سراغ برنامه نویسی موازی رفت !؟

1- Dead Lock

public static void Function_A()
{
 lock (resource_1)
 {
   Thread.Sleep(1000);
   lock (resource_ 2)
   {
   }
 }
}

public static void Function_B()
{
 lock (resource_2)
 {
   Thread.Sleep(1000);
   lock (resource_1)
   {
   }
 }
}

static void Main()
{
  Thread thread_A = new Thread((ThreadStart)Function_A);
  Thread thread_B = new Thread((ThreadStart)Function_B);

  thread_A.Start();
  thread_B.Start();

  while (true)
  {
   // Stare at the two threads in deadlock.
  }
}

new Vue({
  // state
  // داده‌ها در اینجا قرار میگیرند
  data () {
    return {
      count: 0
    }
  },
  // view
  // ویوها برای نمایش داده‌ها مورد استفاده قرار میگیرند
  template: `<div>{{ count }}</div>`,
  // actions
  // برای تغییر داده‌ها از متدها استفاده میکنیم
  methods: {
    increment () {
      this.count++
    }
  }
})

یک برنامه ساده با استفاده از Vuex:

یک پروژه Vuejs را ایجاد کنید و مطابق تصویر زیر، گزینه دوم را انتخاب و Enter را فشار دهید:

سپس گزینه Vuex را طبق تصویر زیر با دکمه‌ی space انتخاب کنید و برای مابقی گزینه‌های بعدی با زدن Enter، پیش فرض‌ها را بپذیرید تا پروژه ساخته شود:

دو کامپوننت را به برنامه اضافه میکنیم.

کامپوننت اول با نام increase-counter-component.vue  

<template>
  <div>
    <!--  نمایش شمارشگر  -->
    <h1>{{count}}</h1>
    <!--  افزودن یک واحد به شمارشگر  -->
    <button @click="add">Add 1</button>
    <!--  افزودن مقداری دلخواه به شمارشگر  -->
    <button @click="add2">Add 2</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
// یا همان منبع ذخیره داده‌ها store کردن  import
import store from "../store";

export default {
  // You can consider computed properties another view into your data.
  // https://css-tricks.com/methods-computed-and-watchers-in-vue-js/
  computed: { count: () => store.state.count },

  // به دو طریق فراخوانی شده  add تابع
  methods: {
    // بدون پارامتر
    add: () => store.commit("add"),
    // با  پارامتر
    // برای مقدار مورد نظر استفاده کنیم input میتوانیم بجای مقدار ثابت از یک
    add2: () => store.commit("add", 2)
  }
};
</script>

کامپوننت دوم با نام decrease-counter-component.vue  

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>{{count}}</h1>
    <button @click="subtract">Subtract 1</button>
    <button @click="subtract(3)">Subtract 3</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import store from "../store";

export default {
  computed: { count: () => store.state.count },

  methods: {
    subtract: payload => store.commit("subtract", +payload)
  }
};
</script>

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <img alt="Vue logo" src="./assets/logo.png" />
    <counter-plus></counter-plus>
    <hr />
    <hr />
    <counter-minus></counter-minus>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import counterPlus from "./components/increase-counter-component";
import counterMinus from "./components/decrease-counter-component";
export default {
  name: "app",
  components: {
    "counter-plus": counterPlus,
    "counter-minus": counterMinus
  }
};
</script>

import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'

Vue.use(Vuex)

export default new Vuex.Store({
  //  داده‌های به اشتراک گذاشته شده
  state: {
    count: 0
  },
  // تعریف متدها
  mutations: {
    add(state, payload) {
      // If we get a payload, add it to count
      // Else, just add one to count
      payload ? (state.count += payload) : state.count++;
    },
    subtract(state, payload) {
      payload ? (state.count -= payload) : state.count--;
    }
  }
});

npm run serve

npm install

npm run serve

public struct Statement
{
    public int Id { get; }
    public string Description { get; }
    public Statement(int id, string description) => (Id, Description) = (id, description);
    public override string ToString() => Description;
}

public static async Task<IEnumerable<Statement>> GetStatements(bool error)
{
    if (error)
    {
       throw new Exception("Oops, we messed up 😬");
    }

    await Task.Delay(1000); //Simulate waiting for data to come through. 

    yield return new Statement(1, "C# is cool!");
    yield return new Statement(2, "C# orginally named COOL.");
    yield return new Statement(3, "More examples...");
}

The body of 'AsyncStreams.GetStatements(bool)' cannot be an iterator block because
'Task<IEnumerable<AsyncStreams.Statement>>' is not an iterator interface type (CS1624)

static async IAsyncEnumerable<Statement> GetStatements(bool error)

static async IAsyncEnumerable<Statement> GetStatementsAsync(bool error)
{
    await foreach (var statement in GetStatements(error))
    {
      await Task.Delay(1000);
      yield return statement;
    }
}

using System.Threading;

namespace System.Collections.Generic
{
    public interface IAsyncEnumerable<out T>
    {
        IAsyncEnumerator<T> GetAsyncEnumerator(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
    }

    public interface IAsyncEnumerator<out T> : IAsyncDisposable
    {
        T Current { get; }

        ValueTask<bool> MoveNextAsync();
    }
}

namespace System
{
    public interface IAsyncDisposable
    {
        ValueTask DisposeAsync();
    }
}

public class AwaitUsingTest : IAsyncDisposable
{
   public async ValueTask DisposeAsync()
   {
     await Task.CompletedTask;
   }

   public void Dummy() { }
}

async Task FooBar()
{
   await using var test = new AwaitUsingTest();
   test.Dummy();
}

Events

Event Sourcing