using System;

namespace EF_Sample05.DomainClasses.Models
{
    public abstract class Person
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string FirstName { get; set; }
        public string LastName { get; set; }
        public DateTime DateOfBirth { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace EF_Sample05.DomainClasses.Models
{
    public class Coach : Person
    {
        public string TeamName { set; get; }        
    }
}

namespace EF_Sample05.DomainClasses.Models
{
    public class Player : Person
    {
        public int Number { get; set; }        
        public string Description { get; set; }
    }
}

Coach "is a" Person
Player "is a" Person

using System.Data.Entity;
using EF_Sample05.DomainClasses.Models;

namespace EF_Sample05.DataLayer.Context
{
    public class Sample05Context : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<Person> People { set; get; }
    }
}

db.People.OfType<Coach>().FirstOrDefault(x => x.LastName == "Coach L1")

using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration;
using EF_Sample05.DomainClasses.Models;

namespace EF_Sample05.DataLayer.Mappings
{
    public class CoachConfig : EntityTypeConfiguration<Coach>
    {
        public CoachConfig()
        {
            // For TPH
            this.Map(m => m.Requires(discriminator: "PersonType").HasValue(1));
        }
    }
}

using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration;
using EF_Sample05.DomainClasses.Models;

namespace EF_Sample05.DataLayer.Mappings
{
    public class PlayerConfig : EntityTypeConfiguration<Player>
    {
        public PlayerConfig()
        {
            // For TPH
            this.Map(m => m.Requires(discriminator: "PersonType").HasValue(2));
        }
    }
}

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace EF_Sample05.DomainClasses.Models
{
    [Table("Coaches")]
    public class Coach : Person
    {
        public string TeamName { set; get; }        
    }
}

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace EF_Sample05.DomainClasses.Models
{
    [Table("Players")]
    public class Player : Person
    {
        public int Number { get; set; }        
        public string Description { get; set; }
    }
}

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration;
using EF_Sample05.DomainClasses.Models;

namespace EF_Sample05.DataLayer.Mappings
{
    public class PersonConfig : EntityTypeConfiguration<Person>
    {
        public PersonConfig()
        {
            // for TPC
            this.Property(x => x.Id).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.None);
        }
    }
}

using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration;
using EF_Sample05.DomainClasses.Models;

namespace EF_Sample05.DataLayer.Mappings
{
    public class CoachConfig : EntityTypeConfiguration<Coach>
    {
        public CoachConfig()
        {
            // For TPH
            //this.Map(m => m.Requires(discriminator: "PersonType").HasValue(1));

            // for TPT
            //this.ToTable("Coaches");

            //for TPC
            this.Map(m =>
            {
                m.MapInheritedProperties();
                m.ToTable("Coaches");
            });
        }
    }
}

using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration;
using EF_Sample05.DomainClasses.Models;

namespace EF_Sample05.DataLayer.Mappings
{
    public class PlayerConfig : EntityTypeConfiguration<Player>
    {
        public PlayerConfig()
        {
            // For TPH
            //this.Map(m => m.Requires(discriminator: "PersonType").HasValue(2));

            // for TPT
            //this.ToTable("Players");

            //for TPC
            this.Map(m =>
                     {
                         m.MapInheritedProperties();
                         m.ToTable("Players");
                     });
        }
    }
}

public class Account
{
       public virtual int Id { get; set; }

       [NotNullNotEmpty]
       [Length(Min = 3, Max = 120, Message = "طول نام باید بین 3 و 120 کاراکتر باشد")]
       public virtual string Name { get; set; } 
}

public class Category
{
       public virtual int Id { get; set; }

       [NotNullNotEmpty]
       [Length(Min = 3, Max = 130, Message = "طول نام باید بین 3 و 130 کاراکتر باشد")]
       public virtual string Name { get; set; } 
}

public class Payee
{
       public virtual int Id { get; set; }

       [NotNullNotEmpty]
       [Length(Min = 3, Max = 120, Message = "طول نام باید بین 3 و 120 کاراکتر باشد")]
       public virtual string Name { get; set; }
}

public class Bill
{
       public virtual int Id { get; set; }

       [NotNull]
       public virtual Account Account { get; set; }

       [NotNull]
       public virtual Category Category { get; set; }

       [NotNull]
       public virtual Payee Payee { get; set; }

       [NotNull]
       public virtual decimal Amount { set; get; }

       [NotNull]
       public virtual DateTime BillDate { set; get; }

       [NotNullNotEmpty]
       [Length(Min = 1, Max = 500, Message = "طول توضیحات باید بین 1 و 500 کاراکتر باشد")]
       public virtual string Description { get; set; } 
}

    create table Accounts (
       AccountId INT IDENTITY NOT NULL,
      Name NVARCHAR(120) not null,
      primary key (AccountId)
   )

   create table Bills (
       BillId INT IDENTITY NOT NULL,
      Amount DECIMAL(19,5) not null,
      BillDate DATETIME not null,
      Description NVARCHAR(500) not null,
      AccountId INT not null,
      CategoryId INT not null,
      PayeeId INT not null,
      primary key (BillId)
   )

   create table Categories (
       CategoryId INT IDENTITY NOT NULL,
      Name NVARCHAR(130) not null,
      primary key (CategoryId)
   )

   create table Payees (
       PayeeId INT IDENTITY NOT NULL,
      Name NVARCHAR(120) not null,
      primary key (PayeeId)
   )

   alter table Bills
       add constraint fk_Account_Bill
       foreign key (AccountId)
       references Accounts

   alter table Bills
       add constraint fk_Category_Bill
       foreign key (CategoryId)
       references Categories

   alter table Bills
       add constraint fk_Payee_Bill
       foreign key (PayeeId)
       references Payees

var newBill = new Bill
                   {
                       Account = accountRepository.GetByKey(1),
                       Amount = 1,
                       BillDate = DateTime.Now,
                       Category = categoryRepository.GetByKey(1),
                       Description = "testestest...",
                       Payee = payeeRepository.GetByKey(1)
                   };

SELECT account0_.AccountId as AccountId0_0_, account0_.Name as Name0_0_
FROM Accounts account0_ WHERE account0_.AccountId=@p0;@p0 = 1 [Type: Int32 (0)]

SELECT category0_.CategoryId as CategoryId2_0_, category0_.Name as Name2_0_
FROM Categories category0_ WHERE category0_.CategoryId=@p0;@p0 = 1 [Type: Int32 (0)]

SELECT payee0_.PayeeId as PayeeId3_0_, payee0_.Name as Name3_0_
FROM Payees payee0_ WHERE payee0_.PayeeId=@p0;@p0 = 1 [Type: Int32 (0)]

INSERT INTO Bills (Amount, BillDate, Description, AccountId, CategoryId, PayeeId)
VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3, @p4, @p5);
select SCOPE_IDENTITY();
@p0 = 1 [Type: Decimal (0)],
@p1 = 2010/12/27 11:48:33 ق.ظ [Type: DateTime (0)],
@p2 = 'testestest...' [Type: String (500)],
@p3 = 1 [Type: Int32 (0)],
@p4 = 1 [Type: Int32 (0)],
@p5 = 1 [Type: Int32 (0)]

INSERT INTO Bills (Amount, BillDate, Description, AccountId, CategoryId, PayeeId)
VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3, @p4, @p5);
select SCOPE_IDENTITY();
@p0 = 1 [Type: Decimal (0)],
@p1 = 2010/12/27 11:58:22 ق.ظ [Type: DateTime (0)],
@p2 = 'testestest...' [Type: String (500)],
@p3 = 1 [Type: Int32 (0)],
@p4 = 1 [Type: Int32 (0)],
@p5 = 1 [Type: Int32 (0)]

public partial class Bill : EntityObject
{
       public global::System.Int32 BillId {set;get;}
       public global::System.Decimal Amount {set;get;}
       public global::System.DateTime BillDate {set;get;}
       public global::System.String Description {set;get;}
       public global::System.Int32 AccountId {set;get;}
       public global::System.Int32 CategoryId {set;get;}
       public global::System.Int32 PayeeId {set;get;}
       public Account Account {set;get;}
       public Category Category {set;get;}
}

public SettingsController(ISettings settings)
{
  // example of saving 
  _settings.General.SiteName = "دات نت تیپس";
  _settings.Seo.HomeMetaTitle = ".Net Tips";
  _settings.Seo.HomeMetaKeywords = "َAsp.net MVC,Entity Framework,Reflection";
  _settings.Seo.HomeMetaDescription = "ذخیره تنظیمات برنامه";
  _settings.Save();
}

1. تنظیمات به صورت گروه بندی شده در کنار  هم قرار گرفته‌اند و یافتن تنظیمات برای زمانی که نیاز به دسترسی  به آنها داریم، راحت‌تر و ساده‌تر خواهد بود. 
   
2. به این شکل تنظیمات قابل دسترس در یک گروه، از دیتابیس بازیابی خواهند شد.

namespace DynamicSettingAPI.Models
{
    public interface IUnitOfWork
    {
        DbSet<Setting> Settings { get; set; }
        int SaveChanges();
    }
} 

public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser>,IUnitOfWork
    {
        public DbSet<Setting> Settings { get; set; }
        public ApplicationDbContext()
            : base("DefaultConnection", throwIfV1Schema: false)
        {
        }

        public static ApplicationDbContext Create()
        {
            return new ApplicationDbContext();
        }
    }


namespace DynamicSettingAPI.Models
{
    public class Setting
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Type { get; set; }
        public string Value { get; set; }
    }
}

 protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<Setting>()
                    .HasKey(x => new { x.Name, x.Type });

            modelBuilder.Entity<Setting>()
                        .Property(x => x.Value)
                        .IsOptional();

            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
        }

namespace DynamicSettingAPI.Service
{
    public abstract class SettingsBase
    {
        //1
        private readonly string _name;
        private readonly PropertyInfo[] _properties;

        protected SettingsBase()
        {
            //2
            var type = GetType();
            _name = type.Name;
            _properties = type.GetProperties();
        }

        public virtual void Load(IUnitOfWork unitOfWork)
        {
            //3 get setting for this type name
            var settings = unitOfWork.Settings.Where(w => w.Type == _name).ToList();

            foreach (var propertyInfo in _properties)
            {
                //get the setting from setting list
                var setting = settings.SingleOrDefault(s => s.Name == propertyInfo.Name);
                if (setting != null)
                {
                    //4 set 
                    propertyInfo.SetValue(this, Convert.ChangeType(setting.Value, propertyInfo.PropertyType));
                }
            }
        }
        public virtual void Save(IUnitOfWork unitOfWork)
        {
            //5 get all setting for this type name
            var settings = unitOfWork.Settings.Where(w => w.Type == _name).ToList();

            foreach (var propertyInfo in _properties)
            {
                var propertyValue = propertyInfo.GetValue(this, null);
                var value = (propertyValue == null) ? null : propertyValue.ToString();

                var setting = settings.SingleOrDefault(s => s.Name == propertyInfo.Name);
                if (setting != null)
                {
                    // 6 update existing value
                    setting.Value = value;
                }
                else
                {
                    // 7 create new setting
                    var newSetting = new Setting()
                    {
                        Name = propertyInfo.Name,
                        Type = _name,
                        Value = value,
                    };
                    unitOfWork.Settings.Add(newSetting);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

propertyInfo.SetValue(this, Convert.ChangeType(setting.Value, propertyInfo.PropertyType));

  public class GeneralSettings : SettingsBase
    {
        public string SiteName { get; set; }
        public string AdminEmail { get; set; }
        public bool RegisterUsersEnabled { get; set; }
    }

 public class GeneralSettings : SettingsBase
    {
        public string SiteName { get; set; }
        public string AdminEmail { get; set; }
    }

public interface ISettings
{
    GeneralSettings General { get; }
    SeoSettings Seo { get; }
    void Save();
}

public class Settings : ISettings
{
    // 1
    private readonly Lazy<GeneralSettings> _generalSettings;
    // 2
    public GeneralSettings General { get { return _generalSettings.Value; } }

    private readonly Lazy<SeoSettings> _seoSettings;
    public SeoSettings Seo { get { return _seoSettings.Value; } }

    private readonly IUnitOfWork _unitOfWork;
    public Settings(IUnitOfWork unitOfWork)
    {
        _unitOfWork = unitOfWork;
        // 3
        _generalSettings = new Lazy<GeneralSettings>(CreateSettings<GeneralSettings>);
        _seoSettings = new Lazy<SeoSettings>(CreateSettings<SeoSettings>);
    }

    public void Save()
    {
        // only save changes to settings that have been loaded
        if (_generalSettings.IsValueCreated)
            _generalSettings.Value.Save(_unitOfWork);

        if (_seoSettings.IsValueCreated)
            _seoSettings.Value.Save(_unitOfWork);

        _unitOfWork.SaveChanges();
    }
    // 4
    private T CreateSettings<T>() where T : SettingsBase, new()
    {
        var settings = new T();
        settings.Load(_unitOfWork);
        return settings;
    }
}

private readonly ICache _cache;
public Settings(IUnitOfWork unitOfWork, ICache cache)
{
    // ARGUMENT CHECKING SKIPPED FOR BREVITY
    _unitOfWork = unitOfWork;
    _cache = cache;
    _generalSettings = new Lazy<GeneralSettings>(CreateSettingsWithCache<GeneralSettings>);
    _seoSettings = new Lazy<SeoSettings>(CreateSettingsWithCache<SeoSettings>);
}

private T CreateSettingsWithCache<T>() where T : SettingsBase, new()
{
    // this is where you would implement loading from ICache
    throw new NotImplementedException();
}

   public ActionResult Index()
        {
            using (var uow = new ApplicationDbContext())
            {
                var _settings = new Settings(uow);
                _settings.General.SiteName = "دات نت تیپس";
                _settings.General.AdminEmail = "admin@gmail.com";
                _settings.General.RegisterUsersEnabled = true;
                _settings.Seo.HomeMetaTitle = ".Net Tips";
                _settings.Seo.MetaKeywords = "Asp.net MVC,Entity Framework,Reflection";
                _settings.Seo.HomeMetaDescription = "ذخیره تنظیمات برنامه";

                var settings2 = new Settings(uow);
                var output = string.Format("SiteName: {0} HomeMetaDescription: {1}  MetaKeywords:  {2}  MetaTitle:  {3}  RegisterEnable:  {4}",
                    settings2.General.SiteName,
                    settings2.Seo.HomeMetaDescription,
                    settings2.Seo.MetaKeywords,
                    settings2.Seo.HomeMetaTitle,
                    settings2.General.RegisterUsersEnabled.ToString()
                    );
                return Content(output);
            }

        }

Install-Package Breeze.WebApi2.EF6

var instance = breeze.config.initializeAdapterInstance("ajax", "angular");
instance.setHttp($http);

Install-Package Breeze.Angular

  var manager = new breeze.EntityManager({  
  dataService: dataService,          
  metadataStore: metadataStore,                     
  saveOptions: new breeze.SaveOptions({    allowConcurrentSaves: true, tag: [{}] })   
                 });

var myMetadataStore = new breeze.MetadataStore();
myMetadataStore.addEntityType({...});

 var customer = function () {
                    this.City = "";
                };
myMetadataStore.registerEntityTypeCtor("Customer", customer);

   var query = breeze.EntityQuery
            .from("Customer")   
            .orderBy("Id");
   var result= manager.executeQuery(query);
   result.then(querySucceeded)
    .fail(queryFailed);

   query = query.where("Id", "==", 1)

manager.createEntity('Customer', jsonValue);

public interface IBakery
    {
        string Bake();
        double GetPrice();
    }
    public class Cake: IBakery
    {
        public string Bake() { return "Cake baked"; }
        public double GetPrice() { return 2000; }
    }
    public class Bread: IBakery
    {
        public string Bake() { return "Bread baked"; }
        public double GetPrice() { return 100; }
    }

 public abstract class Decorator : IBakery
    {
        private readonly IBakery _bakery;
        protected string bake = "N/A";
        protected double price = -1;

        protected Decorator(IBakery bakery) { _bakery= bakery; }
        public virtual string Bake() { return _bakery.Bake() + "/" + bake; }
        public double GetPrice() { return _bakery.GetPrice() + price; }
    }
    public class Type1 : Decorator
    {
        public Type1(IBakery bakery) : base(bakery) { bake= "Type 1"; price = 1; }
    }
    public class Type2 : Decorator
    {
        private const string bakeType = "special baked";
        public Type2(IBakery bakery) : base(bakery) { name = "Type 2"; price = 2; }
        public override string Bake() { return base.Bake() + bakeType ; }
    }

 Cake cc1 = new Cake();
 Console.WriteLine(cc1.Bake() + " ," + cc1.GetPrice());

 Type1 cd1 = new Type1 (cc1);
 Console.WriteLine(cd1.Bake() + " ," + cd1.GetPrice());

 Type2 cd2 = new Type2(cc1);
 Console.WriteLine(cd2.Bake() + " ," + cd2.GetPrice());

Unable to update database to match the current model because there are pending changes and 
automatic migration is disabled. Either write the pending model changes to a code-based migration 
or enable automatic migration. Set DbMigrationsConfiguration.AutomaticMigrationsEnabled to true
to enable automatic migration.

Add-Migration AddSomeProp2ToProject

namespace EF_Sample02.Migrations
{
    using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
    
    public partial class AddSomeProp2ToProject : DbMigration
    {
        public override void Up()
        {
            AddColumn("Projects", "SomeProp", c => c.String());
            AddColumn("Projects", "SomeProp2", c => c.String());
        }
        
        public override void Down()
        {
            DropColumn("Projects", "SomeProp2");
            DropColumn("Projects", "SomeProp");
        }
    }
}

Update-Database -Verbose

Using NuGet project 'EF_Sample02'.
Using StartUp project 'EF_Sample02'.
Target database is: 'testdb2012' (DataSource: (local), Provider: System.Data.SqlClient, Origin: Configuration).
Applying explicit migrations: [201205061835024_AddSomeProp2ToProject].
Applying explicit migration: 201205061835024_AddSomeProp2ToProject.
ALTER TABLE [Projects] ADD [SomeProp] [nvarchar](max)
ALTER TABLE [Projects] ADD [SomeProp2] [nvarchar](max)
[Inserting migration history record]

Add-Migration AddSomeProp3ToProject
Update-Database -Verbose

get-help update-database -detailed

Update-Database -TargetMigration:"AddSomeProp2ToProject" -Verbose

Using NuGet project 'EF_Sample02'.
Using StartUp project 'EF_Sample02'.
Target database is: 'testdb2012' (DataSource: (local), Provider: System.Data.SqlClient, Origin: Configuration).
Reverting migrations: [201205061845485_AddSomeProp3ToProject].
Reverting explicit migration: 201205061845485_AddSomeProp3ToProject.
DECLARE @var0 nvarchar(128)
SELECT @var0 = name
FROM sys.default_constraints
WHERE parent_object_id = object_id(N'Projects')
AND col_name(parent_object_id, parent_column_id) = 'SomeProp3';
IF @var0 IS NOT NULL
    EXECUTE('ALTER TABLE [Projects] DROP CONSTRAINT ' + @var0)
ALTER TABLE [Projects] DROP COLUMN [SomeProp3]
[Deleting migration history record]

namespace EF_Sample02.Migrations
{
    using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
    
    public partial class AddSomeProp3ToProject : DbMigration
    {
        public override void Up()
        {
            AddColumn("Projects", "SomeProp3", c => c.String(defaultValue: "some data"));
            Sql("Update Projects set SomeProp3=N'some data'");
        }
        
        public override void Down()
        {
            DropColumn("Projects", "SomeProp3");
        }
    }
}

public ColumnModel String(bool? nullable = null, int? maxLength = null, bool? fixedLength = null, 
bool? isMaxLength = null, bool? unicode = null, string defaultValue = null, string defaultValueSql = null, 
string name = null, string storeType = null)

ALTER TABLE [Projects] ADD [SomeProp3] [nvarchar](max) DEFAULT 'some data'

namespace EF_Sample02.Migrations
{
    using System;
    using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;

    internal sealed class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<EF_Sample02.Sample2Context>
    {
        public Configuration()
        {
            this.AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = false;
            this.AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
        }

        protected override void Seed(EF_Sample02.Sample2Context context)
        {
            context.Users.AddOrUpdate(
                 a => a.Name,
                 new Models.User { Name = "Vahid", AddDate = DateTime.Now },
                 new Models.User { Name = "Test", AddDate = DateTime.Now });
        }
    }
}

Update-Database -Verbose -Script

ALTER TABLE [Projects] ADD [SomeProp5] [nvarchar](max)
INSERT INTO [__MigrationHistory] ([MigrationId], [CreatedOn], [Model], [ProductVersion]) VALUES 
('201205060852004_AutomaticMigration', '2012-05-06T08:52:00.937Z', 0x1F8B0800000............ '4.3.1')

Update-Database -Verbose -Script -SourceMigration:"stepName"

Add-Migration AddSomePropToProject
Update-Database -Verbose -Script

1. Constructor Injection
2. Property Injection
3. Method Injection
   
4. Action  & Handler Injection