[DataContract] 
    public abstract class Person
    {
        [DataMember]
        public int Code { get; set; }

        [DataMember]
        public string Name { get; set; }     
}

 [DataContract]  
    public class Student : Person
    {
        [DataMember]
        public int StudentId { get; set; }
    }

[DataContract]
    public class Teacher : Person
    {
        public int TeacherId { get; set; }
    }

[ServiceContract]
    public interface IStudentService
    {
        [OperationContract]
        IEnumerable<Person> GetAll();
    }

 public class StudentService : IStudentService
    {
        public IEnumerable<Person> GetAll()
        {
            List<Person> listOfPerson = new List<Person>();

            listOfPerson.Add( new Student() { Code = 1, StudentId = 123, Name = "Masoud Pakdel" } );
            listOfPerson.Add( new Student() { Code = 1, StudentId = 123, Name = "Mostafa Asgari"} );
            listOfPerson.Add( new Student() { Code = 1, StudentId = 123, Name = "Saeed Alizadeh"} );          

 
            listOfPerson.Add( new Teacher() { Code = 1, TeacherId = 321, Name = "Mahdi Rad"} );
            listOfPerson.Add( new Teacher() { Code = 1, TeacherId = 321, Name = "Mohammad Heydari" } );
            listOfPerson.Add( new Teacher() { Code = 1, TeacherId = 321, Name = "Saeed Khatami"} );

            return listOfPerson;
        }

 class Program
    {
        static void Main( string[] args )
        {
            StudentService.StudentServiceClient client = new StudentService.StudentServiceClient();

            client.GetAll().ToList().ForEach( _record => 
            {
                Console.Write( "Name : {0}", _record.Name );
                Console.WriteLine( "Code : {0}", _record.Code );
            } );

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

   [DataContract]
    [KnownType( typeof( Student ) )]
    [KnownType( typeof(Teacher) )]
    public abstract class Person
    {
        [DataMember]
        public int Code { get; set; }

        [DataMember]
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }

•  GraphQL نیازمند رفت و برگشت‌های کمتری به server، به منظور بازیابی داده‌ها برای template یا view است. همراه با REST ما مجبور هستیم که چندیدن endpoint مثلا  (... api/students, api/courses, api/instructors ) را برای گرفتن همه داده‌های که برای template یا view نیاز داریم ملاقات کنیم؛ ولی این شرایط در GraphQL برقرار نیست. با GraphQL ما تنها یک query را ایجاد می‌کنیم که چندین تابع (resolver) را در سمت سرور فراخوانی می‌کند و همه داده‌ها را از منابع مختلفی، در یک درخواست برگشت می‌دهد. 

  

• همراه با REST، همانطور که Application ما رشد می‌کند، تعداد endpoint‌ها هم زیاد می‌شوند که این نیازمند زمان بیشتری برای نگهداری می‌باشد. اما با GraphQL ما تنها یک endpoint  داریم؛ همین! 
• با استفاده از GraphQL، ما هرگز به مشکل گرفتن داده‌هایی کم یا زیاد از منبع روبرو نخواهیم شد. به این خاطر است که ما query‌ها را با فیلد‌هایی که چیز‌هایی را که نیاز داریم، نشان می‌دهند، تعریف می‌کنیم. در این صورت ما همیشه چیز‌هایی را که درخواست داده‌ایم، دریافت می‌کنیم.

query OwnersQuery {
  owners {
    name
    account {
      type
    }
  } 
}

{
  "data": {
    "owners": [
     {
      "name": "John Doe",
      "accounts": [
        {
          "type": "Cash"
        },
        {
          "type": "Savings"
        }
      ]
     }
    ]
  }
}

dotnet new api -n ASPCoreGraphQL

namespace ASPCoreGraphQL.Contracts
{
    public interface IOwnerRepository
    {
    }
}

namespace ASPCoreGraphQL.Contracts
{
    public interface IAccountRepository
    {
    }
}

public class Owner
{
    [Key]
    public Guid Id { get; set; }
    [Required(ErrorMessage = "Name is required")]
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Address { get; set; }
 
    public ICollection<Account> Accounts { get; set; }
}

public class Account
{
    [Key]
    public Guid Id { get; set; }
    [Required(ErrorMessage = "Type is required")]
    public TypeOfAccount Type { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
 
    [ForeignKey("OwnerId")]
    public Guid OwnerId { get; set; }
    public Owner Owner { get; set; }
}

public enum TypeOfAccount
{
    Cash,
    Savings,
    Expense,
    Income
}

    public class ApplicationContext : DbContext
    {
        public ApplicationContext(DbContextOptions options)
            : base(options)
        {
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {

        }

        public DbSet<Owner> Owners { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Account> Accounts { get; set; }
    }

public class OwnerRepository : IOwnerRepository
{
    private readonly ApplicationContext _context;
 
    public OwnerRepository(ApplicationContext context)
    {
        _context = context;
    }
}

public class AccountRepository : IAccountRepository
{
    private readonly ApplicationContext _context;
 
    public AccountRepository(ApplicationContext context)
    {
        _context = context;
    }
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddDbContext<ApplicationContext>(opt =>
         opt.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection"))); 
 
    services.AddScoped<IOwnerRepository, OwnerRepository>();
    services.AddScoped<IAccountRepository, AccountRepository>();
 
    services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2)
        .AddJsonOptions(options => options.SerializerSettings.ReferenceLoopHandling = ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore);
}

dotnet add package GraphQL

dotnet add package GraphQL.Server.Transports.AspNetCore

dotnet add package GraphQL.Server.Ui.Playground

public class AppSchema : Schema
{
    public AppSchema(IDependencyResolver resolver)
        :base(resolver)
    {
 
    }
}

public class OwnerType : ObjectGraphType<Owner>
{
    public OwnerType()
    {
        Field(x => x.Id, type: typeof(IdGraphType)).Description("Id property from the owner object.");
        Field(x => x.Name).Description("Name property from the owner object.");
        Field(x => x.Address).Description("Address property from the owner object.");
    }
}

public interface IOwnerRepository
{
    IEnumerable<Owner> GetAll();
}


public class OwnerRepository : IOwnerRepository
{
    private readonly ApplicationContext _context;
 
    public OwnerRepository(ApplicationContext context)
    {
        _context = context;
    }
 
    public IEnumerable<Owner> GetAll() => _context.Owners.ToList();
}

public class AppQuery : ObjectGraphType
{
    public AppQuery(IOwnerRepository repository)
    {
        Field<ListGraphType<OwnerType>>(
           "owners",
           resolve: context => repository.GetAll()
       );
    }
}

public class AppSchema : Schema
{
    public AppSchema(IDependencyResolver resolver)
        :base(resolver)
    {
        Query = resolver.Resolve<AppQuery>();
    }
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    ...
 
    services.AddScoped<IDependencyResolver>(s => new FuncDependencyResolver(s.GetRequiredService));
    services.AddScoped<AppSchema>();
 
    services.AddGraphQL(o => { o.ExposeExceptions = false; })
        .AddGraphTypes(ServiceLifetime.Scoped);

   ...
}

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
   ...
    app.UseGraphQL<AppSchema>();
    app.UseGraphQLPlayground(options: new GraphQLPlaygroundOptions());
    app.UseMvc();
}

dotnet run

https://localhost:5001/ui/playground

public interface IGenericService<T>: IDisposable where

 T : class

public class PersonDiscountCalculator : DiscountCalculator 
{ 
    private decimal AddSpecificDiscountForPerson(decimal baseDiscount) 
    { 
        // calculate base discount for person 
        return 0; 
    } 
    protected override decimal GetFinalDiscount() 
    { 
        var baseDiscount = CalculateGeneralDiscount(); 
        var added = AddSpecificDiscountForPerson(baseDiscount); 
        return added; 
    } 
}

public abstract class DiscountCalculator 
{ 
    protected decimal CalculateGeneralDiscount() 
    { 
        // calculate general discount 
        return 0; 
    } 
    protected abstract decimal AddSpecificDiscount(decimal baseDiscount); 
    protected virtual decimal GetFinalDiscount() 
    { 
        var baseDiscount = CalculateGeneralDiscount(); 
        var addedDiscount = AddSpecificDiscount(baseDiscount); 
        return addedDiscount; 
    } 
}

public class CompanyDiscountCalculator: DiscountCalculator 
{ 
    protected override decimal AddSpecificDiscount(decimal baseDiscount) 
        { 
            // add some customer specific discounts to base discount 
            return 0; 
        } 
    } 
    public class PersonDiscountCalculator : DiscountCalculator 
    { 
        protected override decimal AddSpecificDiscount(decimal baseDiscount) 
        { 
            // calculate base discount for person 
            return 0; 
        } 
}

جمع بندی 

در صورتیکه این کد بد بو اصلاح شود، معمولا با کدی قابل درک‌تر و با سازماندهی منطقی بهتری روبرو خواهیم بود. به طور کلی رعایت رابطه منطقی بین کلاس‌ها، علاوه بر جلوگیری از بروز مشکل «میراث رد شده»، خوانایی کد را افزایش داده و اعمال تغییرات در آن را نیز آسان‌تر می‌کند.

csc /t:module RUT.cs

File #1 (26000001)
­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­
Token: 0x26000001
Name : RUT.netmodule
HashValue Blob : e6 e6 df 62 2c a1 2c 59 97 65 0f 21 44 10 15 96 f2 7e db c2
Flags : [ContainsMetaData] (00000000)


ExportedType #1 (27000001)
­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­
Token: 0x27000001
Name: ARarelyUsedType
Implementation token: 0x26000001
TypeDef token: 0x02000002
Flags : [Public] [AutoLayout] [Class] [Sealed] [AnsiClass]
[BeforeFieldInit](00100101)

قابل توجه افراد کنجکاو: توکن‌های جداول متا، مقادیر 4 بایتی است که بایت پر ارزش آن اشاره می‌کند که برای یافتن آن باید به چه جدولی ارجاع کرد. مقادیر زیر این نکته را روشن می‌کند که هر کد ابتدایی به چه جدولی اشاره می‌کند:

برای دیدن لیست کاملی از این کدها فایل Corhdr.h را که به همراه فریم ورک دات نت نصب می‌شود، مطالعه فرمایید. سه بایت باقیمانده هم بر اساس جدولی که به آن ارجاع شده است مشخص می‌گردد؛ مثلا در مثال بالا کد 0x26000001  به اولین سطر جدول File اشاره می‌کند. برای اکثر جدول‌ها شماره گذاری سطرها از عدد 1 آغاز می‌شود نه صفر یا برای برای جداول TypeDef عموما از عدد 2 آغاز می‌شود. 

برای اجرای اسمبلی، کامپایلر نیاز دارد که همه‌ی فایل‌های اسمبلی، نصب شده و قابل دسترس باشند و در صورتیکه شما فایل RUT.netmodule را حذف کنید کامپایلر سی شارپ خطای زیر را صادر می‌کند:

fatal error CS0009: Metadata file 'C:\ MultiFileLibrary.dll' could not be opened—'Error importing module 'RUT.netmodule' of assembly 'C:\ MultiFileLibrary.dll'—The system cannot find the file specified'

where T:clas
where T:struc
...

public  class MyCollection<T>
        {
            private List<T> collections = new List<T>();
            public void Add(T value)
            {
                collections.Add(value);
            }
        }

MyCollection<int> myintObj = new MyCollection<int>();
            myintObj.Add(12);
            myintObj.Add(33);
             myintObj.Add(33.3);// ERROR z 
 

public  class MyCollection<T> where T:class
        {
            private List<T> collections = new List<T>();
            public void Add(T value)
            {
                collections.Add(value);
            }
        }

 MyCollection<int> myintObj = new MyCollection<int>(); // ERROR , int is value type

 public  class MyCollection<T> where T:class,IDisposable,new()
        {
   //content
}

public void Swap<T>(ref T val1,ref T val2) where T:struct
            {
//content
            }

 public  class MyCollection<T,K> where T:class where K:IDisposable,new()
        {
//content
}

PM> Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Samples -Pre

public partial class Startup
{
    public void ConfigureAuth(IAppBuilder app)
    {
        // Enable the application to use a cookie to 
        // store information for the signed in user
        app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions
        {
            AuthenticationType = DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie,
            LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login")
        });

        // Use a cookie to temporarily store information about a 
        // user logging in with a third party login provider
        app.UseExternalSignInCookie(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie);

        // Uncomment the following lines to enable logging 
        // in with third party login providers
        //app.UseMicrosoftAccountAuthentication(
        //    clientId: "",
        //    clientSecret: "");

        //app.UseTwitterAuthentication(
        //   consumerKey: "",
        //   consumerSecret: "");
 
        //app.UseFacebookAuthentication(
        //   appId: "",
        //   appSecret: "");

        //app.UseGoogleAuthentication();
    }
}

public partial class Startup {
    public void ConfigureAuth(IAppBuilder app) {
        // Configure the db context, user manager and role 
        // manager to use a single instance per request
        app.CreatePerOwinContext(ApplicationDbContext.Create);
        app.CreatePerOwinContext<ApplicationUserManager>(ApplicationUserManager.Create);
        app.CreatePerOwinContext<ApplicationRoleManager>(ApplicationRoleManager.Create);

        // Enable the application to use a cookie to store information for the 
        // signed in user and to use a cookie to temporarily store information 
        // about a user logging in with a third party login provider 
        // Configure the sign in cookie
        app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions {
            AuthenticationType = DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie,
            LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login"),
            Provider = new CookieAuthenticationProvider {
                // Enables the application to validate the security stamp when the user 
                // logs in. This is a security feature which is used when you 
                // change a password or add an external login to your account.  
                OnValidateIdentity = SecurityStampValidator
                    .OnValidateIdentity<ApplicationUserManager, ApplicationUser>(
                    validateInterval: TimeSpan.FromMinutes(30),
                    regenerateIdentity: (manager, user) 
                    => user.GenerateUserIdentityAsync(manager))
            }
        });

        app.UseExternalSignInCookie(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie);

        // Enables the application to temporarily store user information when 
        // they are verifying the second factor in the two-factor authentication process.
        app.UseTwoFactorSignInCookie(
            DefaultAuthenticationTypes.TwoFactorCookie, 
            TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5));

        // Enables the application to remember the second login verification factor such 
        // as phone or email. Once you check this option, your second step of 
        // verification during the login process will be remembered on the device where 
        // you logged in from. This is similar to the RememberMe option when you log in.
        app.UseTwoFactorRememberBrowserCookie(
            DefaultAuthenticationTypes.TwoFactorRememberBrowserCookie);

        // Uncomment the following lines to enable logging in 
        // with third party login providers
        //app.UseMicrosoftAccountAuthentication(
        //    clientId: "",
        //    clientSecret: "");

        //app.UseTwitterAuthentication(
        //   consumerKey: "",
        //   consumerSecret: "");

        //app.UseFacebookAuthentication(
        //   appId: "",
        //   appSecret: "");

        //app.UseGoogleAuthentication();
    }
}

public class IdentityUser : IUser
{
    public IdentityUser();
    public IdentityUser(string userName);

    public virtual string Id { get; set; }
    public virtual string UserName { get; set; }

    public virtual ICollection<IdentityUserRole> Roles { get; }
    public virtual ICollection<IdentityUserClaim> Claims { get; }
    public virtual ICollection<IdentityUserLogin> Logins { get; }

    public virtual string PasswordHash { get; set; }
    public virtual string SecurityStamp { get; set; }
}

public class ApplicationUser : IdentityUser {
    public async Task<ClaimsIdentity> GenerateUserIdentityAsync(
        UserManager<ApplicationUser> manager) {
        // Note the authenticationType must match the one 
        // defined in CookieAuthenticationOptions.AuthenticationType
        var userIdentity = 
            await manager.CreateIdentityAsync(this, 
                DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);

        // Add custom user claims here
        return userIdentity;
    }
}

public class IdentityUser<TKey, TLogin, TRole, TClaim> : IUser<TKey>
    where TLogin : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserLogin<TKey>
    where TRole : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserRole<TKey>
    where TClaim : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserClaim<TKey>
{
    public IdentityUser();

    // Used to record failures for the purposes of lockout
    public virtual int AccessFailedCount { get; set; }
    // Navigation property for user claims
    public virtual ICollection<TClaim> Claims { get; }
    // Email
    public virtual string Email { get; set; }
    // True if the email is confirmed, default is false
    public virtual bool EmailConfirmed { get; set; }
    // User ID (Primary Key)
    public virtual TKey Id { get; set; }
    // Is lockout enabled for this user
    public virtual bool LockoutEnabled { get; set; }
    // DateTime in UTC when lockout ends, any 
    // time in the past is considered not locked out.
    public virtual DateTime? LockoutEndDateUtc { get; set; }

    // Navigation property for user logins
    public virtual ICollection<TLogin> Logins { get; }
    // The salted/hashed form of the user password
    public virtual string PasswordHash { get; set; }
    // PhoneNumber for the user
    public virtual string PhoneNumber { get; set; }
    // True if the phone number is confirmed, default is false
    public virtual bool PhoneNumberConfirmed { get; set; }
    // Navigation property for user roles
    public virtual ICollection<TRole> Roles { get; }

    // A random value that should change whenever a users 
    // credentials have changed (password changed, login removed)
    public virtual string SecurityStamp { get; set; }
    // Is two factor enabled for the user
    public virtual bool TwoFactorEnabled { get; set; }
    // User name
    public virtual string UserName { get; set; }
}

public class IdentityUser<TKey, TLogin, TRole, TClaim> : IUser<TKey>
    where TLogin : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserLogin<TKey>
    where TRole : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserRole<TKey>
    where TClaim : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserClaim<TKey>

public virtual TKey Id { get; set; }

public virtual ICollection<TRole> Roles { get; }

public class IdentityUserRole 
{
      public IdentityUserRole();
      public virtual IdentityRole Role { get; set; }
      public virtual string RoleId { get; set; }
      public virtual IdentityUser User { get; set; }
      public virtual string UserId { get; set; }
}

public class IdentityUserRole<TKey> 
{
    public IdentityUserRole();
    public virtual TKey RoleId { get; set; }
    public virtual TKey UserId { get; set; }
}

public class ApplicationUserManager : UserManager<ApplicationUser>
{
    public ApplicationUserManager(IUserStore<ApplicationUser> store)
        : base(store)
    {
    }

    public static ApplicationUserManager Create(
        IdentityFactoryOptions<ApplicationUserManager> options, 
        IOwinContext context)
    {
        var manager = new ApplicationUserManager(
            new UserStore<ApplicationUser>(
                context.Get<ApplicationDbContext>()));

        // Configure validation logic for usernames
        manager.UserValidator = 
            new UserValidator<ApplicationUser>(manager)
        {
            AllowOnlyAlphanumericUserNames = false,
            RequireUniqueEmail = true
        };

        // Configure validation logic for passwords
        manager.PasswordValidator = new PasswordValidator
        {
            RequiredLength = 6, 
            RequireNonLetterOrDigit = true,
            RequireDigit = true,
            RequireLowercase = true,
            RequireUppercase = true,
        };

        // Configure user lockout defaults
        manager.UserLockoutEnabledByDefault = true;
        manager.DefaultAccountLockoutTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5);
        manager.MaxFailedAccessAttemptsBeforeLockout = 5;

        // Register two factor authentication providers. This application uses 
        // Phone and Emails as a step of receiving a code for verifying 
        // the user You can write your own provider and plug in here.
        manager.RegisterTwoFactorProvider("PhoneCode", 
            new PhoneNumberTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>
        {
            MessageFormat = "Your security code is: {0}"
        });

        manager.RegisterTwoFactorProvider("EmailCode", 
            new EmailTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>
        {
            Subject = "SecurityCode",
            BodyFormat = "Your security code is {0}"
        });

        manager.EmailService = new EmailService();
        manager.SmsService = new SmsService();

        var dataProtectionProvider = options.DataProtectionProvider;

        if (dataProtectionProvider != null)
        {
            manager.UserTokenProvider = 
                new DataProtectorTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>(
                    dataProtectionProvider.Create("ASP.NET Identity"));
        }

        return manager;
    }

    public virtual async Task<IdentityResult> AddUserToRolesAsync(
        string userId, IList<string> roles)
    {
        var userRoleStore = (IUserRoleStore<ApplicationUser, string>)Store;
        var user = await FindByIdAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);

        if (user == null)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid user Id");
        }

        var userRoles = await userRoleStore
            .GetRolesAsync(user)
            .ConfigureAwait(false);

        // Add user to each role using UserRoleStore
        foreach (var role in roles.Where(role => !userRoles.Contains(role)))
        {
            await userRoleStore.AddToRoleAsync(user, role).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }

        // Call update once when all roles are added
        return await UpdateAsync(user).ConfigureAwait(false);
    }

    public virtual async Task<IdentityResult> RemoveUserFromRolesAsync(
        string userId, IList<string> roles)
    {
        var userRoleStore = (IUserRoleStore<ApplicationUser, string>) Store;
        var user = await FindByIdAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);

        if (user == null)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid user Id");
        }

        var userRoles = await userRoleStore
            .GetRolesAsync(user)
            .ConfigureAwait(false);

        // Remove user to each role using UserRoleStore
        foreach (var role in roles.Where(userRoles.Contains))
        {
            await userRoleStore
                .RemoveFromRoleAsync(user, role)
                .ConfigureAwait(false);
        }

        // Call update once when all roles are removed
        return await UpdateAsync(user).ConfigureAwait(false);
    }
}

public class ApplicationRoleManager : RoleManager<IdentityRole>
{
    public ApplicationRoleManager(IRoleStore<IdentityRole,string> roleStore)
        : base(roleStore)
    {
    }

    public static ApplicationRoleManager Create(
        IdentityFactoryOptions<ApplicationRoleManager> options, 
        IOwinContext context)
    {
        var manager = new ApplicationRoleManager(
            new RoleStore<IdentityRole>(
                context.Get<ApplicationDbContext>()));

        return manager;
    }
}

public class EmailService : IIdentityMessageService
{
    public Task SendAsync(IdentityMessage message)
    {
        // Plug in your email service here to send an email.
        return Task.FromResult(0);
    }
}

public class SmsService : IIdentityMessageService
{
    public Task SendAsync(IdentityMessage message)
    {
        // Plug in your sms service here to send a text message.
        return Task.FromResult(0);
    }
}

// Register two factor authentication providers. This application uses 
// Phone and Emails as a step of receiving a code for verifying 
// the user You can write your own provider and plug in here.
manager.RegisterTwoFactorProvider("PhoneCode", 
    new PhoneNumberTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>
{
    MessageFormat = "Your security code is: {0}"
});

manager.RegisterTwoFactorProvider("EmailCode", 
    new EmailTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>
{
    Subject = "SecurityCode",
    BodyFormat = "Your security code is {0}"
});

manager.EmailService = new EmailService();
manager.SmsService = new SmsService();

public class SignInHelper
{
    public SignInHelper(
        ApplicationUserManager userManager, 
        IAuthenticationManager authManager)
    {
        UserManager = userManager;
        AuthenticationManager = authManager;
    }

    public ApplicationUserManager UserManager { get; private set; }
    public IAuthenticationManager AuthenticationManager { get; private set; }

    public async Task SignInAsync(
        ApplicationUser user, 
        bool isPersistent, 
        bool rememberBrowser)
    {
        // Clear any partial cookies from external or two factor partial sign ins
        AuthenticationManager.SignOut(
            DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie, 
            DefaultAuthenticationTypes.TwoFactorCookie);

        var userIdentity = await user.GenerateUserIdentityAsync(UserManager);

        if (rememberBrowser)
        {
            var rememberBrowserIdentity = 
                AuthenticationManager.CreateTwoFactorRememberBrowserIdentity(user.Id);

            AuthenticationManager.SignIn(
                new AuthenticationProperties { IsPersistent = isPersistent }, 
                userIdentity, 
                rememberBrowserIdentity);
        }
        else
        {
            AuthenticationManager.SignIn(
                new AuthenticationProperties { IsPersistent = isPersistent }, 
                userIdentity);
        }
    }

    public async Task<bool> SendTwoFactorCode(string provider)
    {
        var userId = await GetVerifiedUserIdAsync();

        if (userId == null)
        {
            return false;
        }

        var token = await UserManager.GenerateTwoFactorTokenAsync(userId, provider);

        // See IdentityConfig.cs to plug in Email/SMS services to actually send the code
        await UserManager.NotifyTwoFactorTokenAsync(userId, provider, token);

        return true;
    }

    public async Task<string> GetVerifiedUserIdAsync()
    {
        var result = await AuthenticationManager.AuthenticateAsync(
            DefaultAuthenticationTypes.TwoFactorCookie);

        if (result != null && result.Identity != null 
            && !String.IsNullOrEmpty(result.Identity.GetUserId()))
        {
            return result.Identity.GetUserId();
        }

        return null;
    }

    public async Task<bool> HasBeenVerified()
    {
        return await GetVerifiedUserIdAsync() != null;
    }

    public async Task<SignInStatus> TwoFactorSignIn(
        string provider, 
        string code, 
        bool isPersistent, 
        bool rememberBrowser)
    {
        var userId = await GetVerifiedUserIdAsync();

        if (userId == null)
        {
            return SignInStatus.Failure;
        }

        var user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(userId);

        if (user == null)
        {
            return SignInStatus.Failure;
        }

        if (await UserManager.IsLockedOutAsync(user.Id))
        {
            return SignInStatus.LockedOut;
        }

        if (await UserManager.VerifyTwoFactorTokenAsync(user.Id, provider, code))
        {
            // When token is verified correctly, clear the access failed 
            // count used for lockout
            await UserManager.ResetAccessFailedCountAsync(user.Id);
            await SignInAsync(user, isPersistent, rememberBrowser);

            return SignInStatus.Success;
        }

        // If the token is incorrect, record the failure which 
        // also may cause the user to be locked out
        await UserManager.AccessFailedAsync(user.Id);

        return SignInStatus.Failure;
    }

    public async Task<SignInStatus> ExternalSignIn(
        ExternalLoginInfo loginInfo, 
        bool isPersistent)
    {
        var user = await UserManager.FindAsync(loginInfo.Login);

        if (user == null)
        {
            return SignInStatus.Failure;
        }

        if (await UserManager.IsLockedOutAsync(user.Id))
        {
            return SignInStatus.LockedOut;
        }

        return await SignInOrTwoFactor(user, isPersistent);
    }

    private async Task<SignInStatus> SignInOrTwoFactor(
        ApplicationUser user, 
        bool isPersistent)
    {
        if (await UserManager.GetTwoFactorEnabledAsync(user.Id) &&
            !await AuthenticationManager.TwoFactorBrowserRememberedAsync(user.Id))
        {
            var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.TwoFactorCookie);
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, user.Id));

            AuthenticationManager.SignIn(identity);
            return SignInStatus.RequiresTwoFactorAuthentication;
        }

        await SignInAsync(user, isPersistent, false);
        return SignInStatus.Success;
    }

    public async Task<SignInStatus> PasswordSignIn(
        string userName, 
        string password, 
        bool isPersistent, 
        bool shouldLockout)
    {
        var user = await UserManager.FindByNameAsync(userName);

        if (user == null)
        {
            return SignInStatus.Failure;
        }

        if (await UserManager.IsLockedOutAsync(user.Id))
        {
            return SignInStatus.LockedOut;
        }

        if (await UserManager.CheckPasswordAsync(user, password))
        {
            return await SignInOrTwoFactor(user, isPersistent);
        }

        if (shouldLockout)
        {
            // If lockout is requested, increment access failed 
            // count which might lock out the user
            await UserManager.AccessFailedAsync(user.Id);

            if (await UserManager.IsLockedOutAsync(user.Id))
            {
                return SignInStatus.LockedOut;
            }
        }

        return SignInStatus.Failure;
    }
}

[HttpPost]
[AllowAnonymous]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<ActionResult> Login(LoginViewModel model, string returnUrl)
{
    if (!ModelState.IsValid)
    {
        return View(model);
    }

    // This doen't count login failures towards lockout only two factor authentication
    // To enable password failures to trigger lockout, change to shouldLockout: true
    var result = await SignInHelper.PasswordSignIn(
        model.Email, 
        model.Password, 
        model.RememberMe, 
        shouldLockout: false);

    switch (result)
    {
        case SignInStatus.Success:
            return RedirectToLocal(returnUrl);
        case SignInStatus.LockedOut:
            return View("Lockout");
        case SignInStatus.RequiresTwoFactorAuthentication:
            return RedirectToAction("SendCode", new { ReturnUrl = returnUrl });
        case SignInStatus.Failure:
        default:
            ModelState.AddModelError("", "Invalid login attempt.");

            return View(model);
    }
}

[HttpPost]
[AllowAnonymous]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<ActionResult> Login(LoginViewModel model, string returnUrl)
{
    if (ModelState.IsValid)
    {
        var user = await UserManager.FindAsync(model.UserName, model.Password);

        if (user != null)
        {
            await SignInAsync(user, model.RememberMe);
            return RedirectToLocal(returnUrl);
        }
        else
        {
            ModelState.AddModelError("", "Invalid username or password.");
        }
    }

    // If we got this far, something failed, redisplay form
    return View(model);
}

private async Task SignInAsync(ApplicationUser user, bool isPersistent)
{
    AuthenticationManager.SignOut(
        DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie);

    var identity = await UserManager.CreateIdentityAsync(
        user, DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);

    AuthenticationManager.SignIn(
        new AuthenticationProperties() { IsPersistent = isPersistent }, identity);
}

public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser> {
    public ApplicationDbContext()
        : base("DefaultConnection", throwIfV1Schema: false) {
    }

    static ApplicationDbContext() {
        // Set the database intializer which is run once during application start
        // This seeds the database with admin user credentials and admin role
        Database.SetInitializer<ApplicationDbContext>(new ApplicationDbInitializer());
    }

    public static ApplicationDbContext Create() {
        return new ApplicationDbContext();
    }
}

public class ApplicationDbInitializer 
    : DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<ApplicationDbContext> 
{
    protected override void Seed(ApplicationDbContext context) 
    {
        InitializeIdentityForEF(context);
        base.Seed(context);
    }

    public static void InitializeIdentityForEF(ApplicationDbContext db) 
    {
        var userManager = HttpContext
            .Current.GetOwinContext()
            .GetUserManager<ApplicationUserManager>();

        var roleManager = HttpContext.Current
            .GetOwinContext()
            .Get<ApplicationRoleManager>();

        const string name = "admin@admin.com";
        const string password = "Admin@123456";
        const string roleName = "Admin";

        //Create Role Admin if it does not exist
        var role = roleManager.FindByName(roleName);

        if (role == null) 
        {
            role = new IdentityRole(roleName);
            var roleresult = roleManager.Create(role);
        }

        var user = userManager.FindByName(name);

        if (user == null) 
        {
            user = new ApplicationUser { UserName = name, Email = name };

            var result = userManager.Create(user, password);
            result = userManager.SetLockoutEnabled(user.Id, false);
        }

        // Add user admin to Role Admin if not already added
        var rolesForUser = userManager.GetRoles(user.Id);

        if (!rolesForUser.Contains(role.Name)) 
        {
            var result = userManager.AddToRole(user.Id, role.Name);
        }
    }
}

\Windows\system32\inetsrv

call "%VS80COMNTOOLS%\vsvars32.bat" > NULL 
gacutil.exe /if "$(TargetPath)"

نکته:در صورتی که از VS2005 استفاده می‌کنید در تب Debug در قسمت Start External Program مسیر زیر را قرار بدهید. اینکار برای تست و دیباگینگ پروژه به شما کمک خواهد کرد. این تنظیم شامل نسخه‌های اکسپرس نمی‌شود.

 \windows\system32\inetsrv\inetmgr.exe

%windir%\system32\inetsrv\Administration.config

using System;
using System.Security;
using Microsoft.Web.Management.Server;
    
namespace IIS7Demos           
{
    class imageCopyrightUIProvider : ModuleProvider
    {
        public override Type ServiceType              
        {
            get { return null; }
        }

        public override ModuleDefinition GetModuleDefinition(IManagementContext context)
        {
            return new ModuleDefinition(Name, typeof(imageCopyrightUI).AssemblyQualifiedName);
        }

        public override bool SupportsScope(ManagementScope scope)
        {
            return true;
        }
    }            
}

 public override bool SupportsScope(ManagementScope scope)
        {
            return (scope == ManagementScope.Application) ;
        }

 internal class imageCopyrightUI : Module
    {
        protected override void Initialize(IServiceProvider serviceProvider, ModuleInfo moduleInfo)
        {            
            base.Initialize(serviceProvider, moduleInfo);
            IControlPanel controlPanel = (IControlPanel)GetService(typeof(IControlPanel));
            ModulePageInfo modulePageInfo = new ModulePageInfo(this, typeof(imageCopyrightUIPage), "Image Copyright", "Image Copyright",Resource1.Visual_Studio_2012,Resource1.Visual_Studio_2012);
            controlPanel.RegisterPage(modulePageInfo);
        }
    }

    public sealed class imageCopyrightUIPage : ModulePage
    {
        public string message;
        public bool featureenabled;
        public string color;

        ComboBox _colCombo = new ComboBox();
        TextBox _msgTB = new TextBox();
        CheckBox _enabledCB = new CheckBox();

        public imageCopyrightUIPage()
        {
            this.Initialize();
        }


        void Initialize()
        {
            Label crlabel = new Label();
            crlabel.Left = 50;
            crlabel.Top = 100;
            crlabel.AutoSize = true;
            crlabel.Text = "Enable Image Copyright:";
            _enabledCB.Text = "";
            _enabledCB.Left = 200;
            _enabledCB.Top = 100;
            _enabledCB.AutoSize = true;

            Label msglabel = new Label();
            msglabel.Left = 150;
            msglabel.Top = 130;
            msglabel.AutoSize = true;
            msglabel.Text = "Message:";
            _msgTB.Left = 200;
            _msgTB.Top = 130;
            _msgTB.Width = 200;
            _msgTB.Height = 50;

            Label collabel = new Label();
            collabel.Left = 160;
            collabel.Top = 160;
            collabel.AutoSize = true;
            collabel.Text = "Color:";
            _colCombo.Left = 200;
            _colCombo.Top = 160;
            _colCombo.Width = 50;
            _colCombo.Height = 90;
            _colCombo.Items.Add((object)"Yellow");
            _colCombo.Items.Add((object)"Blue");
            _colCombo.Items.Add((object)"Red");
            _colCombo.Items.Add((object)"White");

            Button apply = new Button();
            apply.Text = "Apply";
            apply.Click += new EventHandler(this.applyClick);
            apply.Left = 200;
            apply.AutoSize = true;
            apply.Top = 250;

            Controls.Add(crlabel);
            Controls.Add(_enabledCB);
            Controls.Add(collabel);
            Controls.Add(_colCombo);
            Controls.Add(msglabel);
            Controls.Add(_msgTB);
            Controls.Add(apply);
        }

        public void ReadConfig()
        {
            try
            {
                ServerManager mgr;
                ConfigurationSection section;
                mgr = new ServerManager();
                Configuration config =
                mgr.GetWebConfiguration(
                       Connection.ConfigurationPath.SiteName,
                       Connection.ConfigurationPath.ApplicationPath +
                       Connection.ConfigurationPath.FolderPath);

                section = config.GetSection("system.webServer/imageCopyright");
                color = (string)section.GetAttribute("color").Value;
                message = (string)section.GetAttribute("message").Value;
                featureenabled = (bool)section.GetAttribute("enabled").Value;

            }

            catch
            { }

        }
      
        void UpdateUI()
        {
            _enabledCB.Checked = featureenabled;
            int n = _colCombo.FindString(color, 0);
            _colCombo.SelectedIndex = n;
            _msgTB.Text = message;
        }


        protected override void OnActivated(bool initialActivation)
        {
            base.OnActivated(initialActivation);
            if (initialActivation)
            {
                ReadConfig();
                UpdateUI();
            }
        }



        private void applyClick(Object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                UpdateVariables();
                ServerManager mgr;
                ConfigurationSection section;
                mgr = new ServerManager();
                Configuration config =
                mgr.GetWebConfiguration
                (
                       Connection.ConfigurationPath.SiteName,
                       Connection.ConfigurationPath.ApplicationPath +
                       Connection.ConfigurationPath.FolderPath
                );

                section = config.GetSection("system.webServer/imageCopyright");
                section.GetAttribute("color").Value = (object)color;
                section.GetAttribute("message").Value = (object)message;
                section.GetAttribute("enabled").Value = (object)featureenabled;

                mgr.CommitChanges();

            }

            catch
            { }

        }

        public void UpdateVariables()
        {
            featureenabled = _enabledCB.Checked;
            color = _colCombo.Text;
            message = _msgTB.Text;
        }
    }

mgr.CommitChanges();

%vs110comntools%\vsvars32.bat

GACUTIL /l ClassLibrary1

<add name="imageCopyrightUI" type="ClassLibrary1.imageCopyrightUIProvider,   ClassLibrary1, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=d0b3b3b2aa8ea14b"/>

%windir%\system32\inetsrv\config\administration.config

از آنجا که این مقاله طولانی شده است، باقی موارد ویرایشی روی این UI را در مقاله بعدی بررسی خواهیم کرد.