using System;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace Tests
{
    public class MyLoggerProvider : ILoggerProvider
    {
        public ILogger CreateLogger(string categoryName)
        {
            return new MyLogger();
        }

        public void Dispose()
        { }

        private class MyLogger : ILogger
        {
            public bool IsEnabled(LogLevel logLevel)
            {
                return true;
            }

            public void Log<TState>(
                        LogLevel logLevel, 
                        EventId eventId, 
                        TState state, 
                        Exception exception, 
                        Func<TState, Exception, string> formatter)
            {
                //File.AppendAllText(@"C:\temp\log.txt", formatter(state, exception));
                Console.WriteLine("");
                Console.WriteLine(formatter(state, exception));
            }

            public IDisposable BeginScope<TState>(TState state)
            {
                return null;
            }
        }
    }
}

   if (logLevel == LogLevel.Critical || logLevel == LogLevel.Error || logLevel == LogLevel.Warning)

using (var db = new MyContext())
{
   var loggerFactory = (ILoggerFactory)db.GetInfrastructure().GetService(typeof(ILoggerFactory));
   loggerFactory.AddProvider(new MyLoggerProvider());
 }

public void Configure(ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
   loggerFactory.AddProvider(new MyLoggerProvider());

public ILogger CreateLogger(string categoryName)

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage.Internal;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System.Linq;
using System;
 
namespace Tests
{
    public class MyLoggerProvider : ILoggerProvider
    {
        private static readonly string[] _categories =
            {
                typeof(RelationalCommandBuilderFactory).FullName,
                typeof(SqlServerConnection).FullName
            };
        public ILogger CreateLogger(string categoryName)
        {
            if (_categories.Contains(categoryName))
            {
                return new MyLogger();
            }
 
            return NullLogger.Instance;
        }

Console.WriteLine(sizeof(int));
Console.WriteLine(sizeof(char));
Console.WriteLine(sizeof(bool));
Console.WriteLine(sizeof(decimal));
Console.WriteLine(sizeof(float));

 4
2
1
16
4

 int a = 23;
float b = 3.14f;
Console.WriteLine(a.GetType());
Console.WriteLine(b.GetType());

System.Int32
System.Single

long obj1 = 356;
long obj2 = 54;
float obj3 = 234;
Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(obj1.GetType(), obj2.GetType()));
Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(obj1.GetType(), obj3.GetType()));

True
False

//<data type> <variable name>;
Int a;

//<data type> <variable name>=value;
Int a=23;
Int a;//declare تعریف
a=23;//مقدار دهی اولیه initializing
Int a=23;//تعریف و مقدار دهی در یک خط
Int a,b,c=23;//تعریف چند متغیر و مقدار دهی در یک خط

 int abc;
long _abcd;
float @abcd;
bool main_button;
decimal piValue;
string firstName;
string first_name;
bool button55_on;

long _a.5bc5d;
float @ab cd;
decimal pi@Value;
//استفاده از کلمات کلیدی سی شارپ که کامپایلر آنها را مجاز نمی‌داند
bool class;
string namespace;
string string;
int static;

 < data type >? < variable name >= null; //syntax

int? a = null; //assigning null
int? b = 55; //assigning null and a value
var? c = 55 //it will give error

 int? a = null;
int? b = 22;
Console.WriteLine(a.HasValue);
//------------
Console.WriteLine(b.HasValue);
Console.WriteLine(b.Value);

 False
True
22

 test obj; //allocating reference on stack
obj= new test(55);//allocating object on heap

 int a = 55;//declare a and initialize
int copya = a;//copya contains the copy of value a

test obj;
obj=new test(23);
test objCopy;
objCopy = obj;

1.  URI-based versioning 
   
2.  Header-based versioning 
   
3.  Media type-based versioning 
   

 public class ItemsController : ApiController   
 {
        [ResponseType(typeof(ItemViewModel))]
        public IHttpActionResult Get(int id)
        {
            var viewModel = new ItemViewModel { Id = id, Name = "PS4", Country = "Japan" };
            return Ok(viewModel);
        }
    }
 public class ItemsV2Controller : ApiController
    {
        [ResponseType(typeof(ItemV2ViewModel))]
        public IHttpActionResult Get(int id)
        {
            var viewModel = new ItemV2ViewModel { Id = id, Name = "Xbox One", Country = "USA", Price = 529.99 };
            return Ok(viewModel);
        }
    }

config.Routes.MapHttpRoute("ItemsV2", "api/v2/items/{id}", new
{
    controller = "ItemsV2",
    id = RouteParameter.Optional
});
config.Routes.MapHttpRoute("Items", "api/items/{id}", new
{
    controller = "Items",
    id = RouteParameter.Optional
});
config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
    name: "DefaultApi",
    routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
    defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
);

public class VersionFinder
    {
        private static bool NeedsUriVersioning(HttpRequestMessage request, out string version)
        {
            var routeData = request.GetRouteData();
            if (routeData != null)
            {
                object versionFromRoute;
                if (routeData.Values.TryGetValue(nameof(version), out versionFromRoute))
                {
                    version = versionFromRoute as string;
                    if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(version))
                    {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
            version = null;
            return false;
        }
        private static int VersionToInt(string versionString)
        {
            int version;
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(versionString) || !int.TryParse(versionString, out version))
                return 0;
            return version;
        }
        public static int GetVersionFromRequest(HttpRequestMessage request)
        {
            string version;

            return NeedsUriVersioning(request, out version) ? VersionToInt(version) : 0;
        }
    }

 public class VersionAwareControllerSelector : DefaultHttpControllerSelector
    {
        public VersionAwareControllerSelector(HttpConfiguration configuration) : base(configuration) { }
        public override string GetControllerName(HttpRequestMessage request)
        {
            var controllerName = base.GetControllerName(request);
            var version = VersionFinder.GetVersionFromRequest(request);
                
        return version > 0 ? GetVersionedControllerName(request, controllerName, version) : controllerName;
        }
        private string GetVersionedControllerName(HttpRequestMessage request, string baseControllerName,
        int version)
        {
            var versionControllerName = $"{baseControllerName}v{version}";
            HttpControllerDescriptor descriptor;
            if (GetControllerMapping().TryGetValue(versionControllerName, out descriptor))
            {
                return versionControllerName;
            }

            throw new HttpResponseException(request.CreateErrorResponse(
            HttpStatusCode.NotFound,
                $"No HTTP resource was found that matches the URI {request.RequestUri} and version number {version}"));
        }
    }

config.Services.Replace(typeof(IHttpControllerSelector), new VersionAwareControllerSelector(config));

[RoutePrefix("api/v1/Items")]
    public class ItemsController : ApiController
    {
        [ResponseType(typeof(ItemViewModel))]
        [Route("{id:int}")]
        public IHttpActionResult Get(int id)
        {
            var viewModel = new ItemViewModel { Id = id, Name = "PS4", Country =        "Japan" };
            return Ok(viewModel);
        }
    }


 [RoutePrefix("api/V2/Items")]
    public class ItemsV2Controller : ApiController
    {
        [ResponseType(typeof(ItemV2ViewModel))]
        [Route("{id:int}")]
        public IHttpActionResult Get(int id)
        {
            var viewModel = new ItemV2ViewModel { Id = id, Name = "Xbox One", Country = "USA", Price = 529.99 };
            return Ok(viewModel);
        }
    }

var constraintsResolver = new DefaultInlineConstraintResolver();
            constraintsResolver.ConstraintMap.Add(nameof(VersionConstraint), typeof
            (VersionConstraint));
config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes(constraintsResolver);

  public class NamespaceControllerSelector : IHttpControllerSelector
    {
        private readonly HttpConfiguration _configuration;
        private readonly Lazy<Dictionary<string, HttpControllerDescriptor>> _controllers;
        public NamespaceControllerSelector(HttpConfiguration config)
        {
            _configuration = config;
            _controllers = new Lazy<Dictionary<string,
                HttpControllerDescriptor>>(InitializeControllerDictionary);
        }
        public HttpControllerDescriptor SelectController(HttpRequestMessage request)
        {
            var routeData = request.GetRouteData();
            if (routeData == null)
            {
                throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
            }

            var controllerName = GetControllerName(routeData);
            if (controllerName == null)
            {
                throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
            }
            var version = GetVersion(routeData);
            if (version == null)
            {
                throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
            }
            var controllerKey = string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "{0}.{1}",
                version, controllerName);
            HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor;
            if (_controllers.Value.TryGetValue(controllerKey, out controllerDescriptor))
            {
                return controllerDescriptor;
            }
            throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
        }
        public IDictionary<string, HttpControllerDescriptor> GetControllerMapping()
        {
            return _controllers.Value;
        }
        private Dictionary<string, HttpControllerDescriptor> InitializeControllerDictionary()
        {
            var dictionary = new Dictionary<string,
                HttpControllerDescriptor>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
            var assembliesResolver = _configuration.Services.GetAssembliesResolver();
            var controllersResolver = _configuration.Services.GetHttpControllerTypeResolver();
            var controllerTypes = controllersResolver.GetControllerTypes(assembliesResolver);
            foreach (var controllerType in controllerTypes)
            {
                var segments = controllerType.Namespace.Split(Type.Delimiter);
                var controllerName =
                    controllerType.Name.Remove(controllerType.Name.Length -
                                               DefaultHttpControllerSelector.ControllerSuffix.Length);
                var controllerKey = string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "{0}.{1}",
                    segments[segments.Length - 1], controllerName);

                if (!dictionary.Keys.Contains(controllerKey))
                {
                    dictionary[controllerKey] = new HttpControllerDescriptor(_configuration,
                        controllerType.Name,
                        controllerType);
                }
            }
            return dictionary;
        }
        private static T GetRouteVariable<T>(IHttpRouteData routeData, string name)
        {
            object result;
            if (routeData.Values.TryGetValue(name, out result))
            {
                return (T)result;
            }
            return default(T);
        }
        private static string GetControllerName(IHttpRouteData routeData)
        {
            var subroute = routeData.GetSubRoutes().FirstOrDefault();
            var dataTokenValue = subroute?.Route.DataTokens.First().Value;
            var controllerName =
                ((HttpActionDescriptor[])dataTokenValue)?.First().ControllerDescriptor.ControllerName.Replace("Controller", string.Empty);
            return controllerName;
        }
        private static string GetVersion(IHttpRouteData routeData)
        {
            var subRouteData = routeData.GetSubRoutes().FirstOrDefault();
            return subRouteData == null ? null : GetRouteVariable<string>(subRouteData, "version");
        }
    }

public IDictionary<string, HttpControllerDescriptor> GetControllerMapping()

 public static class WebApiConfig
    {
        public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
        {
            var constraintsResolver = new DefaultInlineConstraintResolver();
            constraintsResolver.ConstraintMap.Add(nameof(VersionConstraint), typeof
            (VersionConstraint));

            config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes(constraintsResolver);

            config.Services.Replace(typeof(IHttpControllerSelector), new NamespaceControllerSelector(config));

        }
    }

public class HeaderVersionConstraint : IHttpRouteConstraint
    {
        private const string VersionHeaderName = "api-version";

        public HeaderVersionConstraint(int allowedVersion)
        {
            AllowedVersion = allowedVersion;
        }

        public int AllowedVersion { get; }

        public bool Match(HttpRequestMessage request, IHttpRoute route, string parameterName,
            IDictionary<string, object> values,
            HttpRouteDirection routeDirection)
        {
            if (!request.Headers.Contains(VersionHeaderName)) return false;

            var version = request.Headers.GetValues(VersionHeaderName).FirstOrDefault();

            return VersionToInt(version) == AllowedVersion;
        }
        private static int VersionToInt(string versionString)
        {
            int version;
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(versionString) || !int.TryParse(versionString, out version))
                return 0;
            return version;
        }
    }

public sealed class HeaderVersionedRouteAttribute : RouteFactoryAttribute
    {
        public HeaderVersionedRouteAttribute(string template) : base(template)
        {
            Order = -1;
        }

        public int Version { get; set; }

        public override IDictionary<string, object> Constraints => new HttpRouteValueDictionary
        {
            {"", new HeaderVersionConstraint(Version)}
        };
    }

    [RoutePrefix("api/items")]
    public class ItemsController : ApiController
    {
        [ResponseType(typeof(ItemViewModel))]
        [HeaderVersionedRoute("{id}", Version = 1)]
        public IHttpActionResult Get(int id)
        {
            var viewModel = new ItemViewModel { Id = id, Name = "PS4", Country = "Japan" };
            return Ok(viewModel);
        }
    }
  [RoutePrefix("api/items")]
    public class ItemsV2Controller : ApiController
    {
        [ResponseType(typeof(ItemV2ViewModel))]
        [HeaderVersionedRoute("{id}", Version = 2)]
        public IHttpActionResult Get(int id)
        {
            var viewModel = new ItemV2ViewModel { Id = id, Name = "Xbox One", Country = "USA", Price = 529.99 };
            return Ok(viewModel);
        }
    }

namespace CS8Tests;

public class RefReadonlySample
{
   public void Test()
   {
      var number = 5;
      Print(ref number);
      Console.WriteLine($"After Print -> Your number is {number}");
      
      // Output:
      // Print -> Your number is 5
      // After Print -> Your number is 6
   }
   
   private void Print(ref int number)
   {
      Console.WriteLine($"Print -> Your number is {number}");
      number++;
   }
}

 private void Print(in int number)

error CS8331: Cannot assign to variable 'number' or use it as the right hand side of a ref assignment because it is a readonly variable

private void Print(ref readonly int number)

  postTicket(ticket: Ticket, filesList: FileList): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {

    //… the same as before

    const headers = new HttpHeaders().set("Accept", "application/json");
    return this.http
      .post(`${this.baseUrl}/SaveTicket`, formData, {
        headers: headers,
        reportProgress: true,
        observe: "events"
      })
      .map(response => response || {})
      .catch((error: HttpErrorResponse) => {
        console.error("observable error: ", error);
        return Observable.throw(error.statusText);
      });
  }

 postTicket(ticket: Ticket, filesList: FileList): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {

{
  headers: headers,
  reportProgress: true,
  observe: "events"
}

  queueProgress: number;
  isUploading: boolean;
  uploadTimeRemaining: number;
  uploadTimeElapsed: number;
  uploadSpeed: number;

  submitForm(form: NgForm) {
    const fileInput: HTMLInputElement = this.screenshotInput.nativeElement;
    this.queueProgress = 0;
    this.isUploading = true;
    let startTime = Date.now();

    this.uploadService.postTicket(this.model, fileInput.files).subscribe(
      (event: HttpEvent<any>) => {
        switch (event.type) {
          case HttpEventType.Sent:
            startTime = Date.now();
            console.log("Request sent!");
            break;
          case HttpEventType.DownloadProgress:
          case HttpEventType.UploadProgress:
            if (event.total) {
              this.queueProgress = Math.round(event.loaded / event.total * 100);

              const timeElapsed = Date.now() - startTime;
              const uploadSpeed = event.loaded / (timeElapsed / 1000);
              this.uploadTimeRemaining = Math.ceil(
                (event.total - event.loaded) / uploadSpeed
              );
              this.uploadTimeElapsed = Math.ceil(timeElapsed / 1000);
              this.uploadSpeed = uploadSpeed / 1024 / 1024;
            }
            break;
          case HttpEventType.Response:
            this.queueProgress = 100;
            this.isUploading = false;
            console.log("Done! ResponseBody:", event.body);
            break;
        }
      },
      (error: HttpErrorResponse) => {
        this.isUploading = false;
        console.log(error);
      }
    );
  }

    <div *ngIf="queueProgress > 0">
      <table class="table">
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th width="15%">Event</th>
            <th>Status</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td><strong>Elapsed time</strong></td>
            <td nowrap>{{uploadTimeElapsed | number:'.1'}} second(s)</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td><strong>Remaining time</strong></td>
            <td nowrap>{{uploadTimeRemaining | number:'.1'}} second(s)</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td><strong>Upload speed</strong></td>
            <td nowrap>{{uploadSpeed | number:'.3'}} MB/s</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td><strong>Queue progress</strong></td>
            <td>
              <div class="progress-bar progress-bar-info progress-bar-striped" role="progressbar"
                aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" [attr.aria-valuenow]="queueProgress"
                [ngStyle]="{ 'width': queueProgress + '%' }">
                {{queueProgress}}%
              </div>
            </td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </div>

    <button class="btn btn-primary" [disabled]="form.invalid || isUploading" type="submit">Submit</button>

@page "/"

@page "/"

<p>Hello, @name</p>

@code
{
    string name = "Vahid N.";
}

 <p>Hello, @name.ToUpper()</p>

@page "/"

<p>Hello, @name.ToUpper()</p>
<p>Hello, @CustomToUpper(name)</p>

@code
{
    string name = "Vahid N.";

    string CustomToUpper(string value) => value.ToUpper();
}

<p>Let's add 2 + 2 : @2 + 2 </p>

<p>Let's add 2 + 2 : @(2 + 2) </p>

<button @onclick="@(()=>Console.WriteLine("Test"))">Click me</button>

@page "/"

<button @onclick="@WriteLog">Click me 2</button>

@code
{
    void WriteLog()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Test");
    }
}

@page "/"

<button @onclick="@(()=>WriteLogWithParam("Test 3"))">Click me 3</button>

@code
{
    void WriteLogWithParam(string value)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(value);
    }
}

BlazorRazorSample\Client\Pages\Index.razor(12,25): error CS1501: No overload for method 'WriteLog' takes 1 arguments

@page "/"

<p>Hello, @StringUtils.MyCustomToUpper(name)</p>

@code
{
    public class StringUtils
    {
        public static string MyCustomToUpper(string value) => value.ToUpper();
    }
}

namespace BlazorRazorSample.Shared
{
    public class StringUtils
    {
        public static string MyNewCustomToUpper(string value) => value.ToUpper();
    }
}

@page "/"

@using BlazorRazorSample.Shared

<p>Hello, @StringUtils.MyNewCustomToUpper(name)</p>

@using BlazorRazorSample.Shared

using System;

namespace BlazorRazorSample.Shared.Models
{
    public class MovieDto
    {
        public string Title { set; get; }

        public DateTime ReleaseDate { set; get; }
    }
}

@using BlazorRazorSample.Shared.Models

@page "/"

<div>
    <h3>Movies</h3>
    @foreach(var movie in movies)
    {
        <p>Title: <b>@movie.Title</b></p>
        <p>ReleaseDate: @movie.ReleaseDate.ToString("dd MMM yyyy")</p>
    }
</div>

@code
{
    List<MovieDto> movies = new List<MovieDto>
    {
        new MovieDto
        {
            Title = "Movie 1",
            ReleaseDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-1)
        },
        new MovieDto
        {
            Title = "Movie 2",
            ReleaseDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-2)
        },
        new MovieDto
        {
            Title = "Movie 3",
            ReleaseDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-3)
        }
    };
}

    @for(var i = 0; i < movies.Count; i++)
    {
        <div style="background-color: @(i % 2 == 0 ? "blue" : "red")">
            <p>Title: <b>@movies[i].Title</b></p>
            <p>ReleaseDate: @movies[i].ReleaseDate.ToString("dd MMM yyyy")</p>
        </div>
    }

@page "/fetchdata"
@using BlazorRazorSample.Shared
@inject HttpClient Http

<h1>Weather forecast</h1>

<p>This component demonstrates fetching data from the server.</p>

@if (forecasts == null)
{
    <p><em>Loading...</em></p>
}
else
{
    <table class="table">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>Date</th>
                <th>Temp. (C)</th>
                <th>Temp. (F)</th>
                <th>Summary</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            @foreach (var forecast in forecasts)
            {
                <tr>
                    <td>@forecast.Date.ToShortDateString()</td>
                    <td>@forecast.TemperatureC</td>
                    <td>@forecast.TemperatureF</td>
                    <td>@forecast.Summary</td>
                </tr>
            }
        </tbody>
    </table>
}

@code {
    private WeatherForecast[] forecasts;

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        forecasts = await Http.GetFromJsonAsync<WeatherForecast[]>("WeatherForecast");
    }

}

@if (forecasts == null)
{
    <p><em>Loading...</em></p>
}

new MovieDto
{
   Title = "<i>Movie 1</i>",
   ReleaseDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-1)
},

<p>Title: <b>@((MarkupString)movie.Title)</b></p>