[HttpGet]
public string SelectAllJqTree()
        {
            var result = _kpiTypeService.SelectAll().Select(e => new
            {
                value = e.Id,
                text = e.Name,
            });

            var select = "<select>{0}</select>";
            var option = "<option value='{0}' >{1}</option>";

            var options = "";

            foreach (var item in result)
            {
                options += string.Format(option, item.value, item.text);
            }

            return  string.Format(select, options).Trim();
}

 colModel: [
                    {
                        name: 'KpiTypeID', index: 'KpiTypeID', align: 'right', width: 300,
                        editable: true, edittype: 'select',
                        editoptions: {
                            dataUrl: '/api/KPIType/SelectAllJqTree'
                        },
                        editrules: {
                            required: true
                        }
                    }
              ]

$.ajax({
                url: "/api/KPIType/SelectAllJqTree",
                context: document.body
            }).done(function (data) {
                $("#selection").html(data);
            });

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

namespace PivotExtensions
{
    public static class Ext
    {
        public static Dictionary<TKey1, Dictionary<TKey2, TValue>>
                        Pivot<TSource, TKey1, TKey2, TValue>
                        (
                            this IEnumerable<TSource> source,
                            Func<TSource, TKey1> key1Selector,
                            Func<TSource, TKey2> key2Selector,
                            Func<IEnumerable<TSource>, TValue> aggregate
                        )
        {
            return source.GroupBy(key1Selector)
                         .Select(
                            key1Group => new
                                {
                                    Key = key1Group.Key,
                                    Value = key1Group.GroupBy(key2Selector)
                                         .Select(
                                            key2Group => new
                                               {
                                                   K = key2Group.Key,
                                                   V = aggregate(key2Group)
                                               })
                                         .ToDictionary(e => e.K, o => o.V)
                                })
                         .ToDictionary(e => e.Key, o => o.Value);
        }
    }
}

var list = ExpenseDataSource.ExpensesDataSource();
var pivotList = list.Pivot(
                x =>
                    new
                    {
                        x.Date.Year,
                        x.Date.Month
                    },
                  x1 => x1.Department,
                  x2 => x2.Sum(x => x.Expenses));

var list2 = StudentsStatDataSource.CreateWeeklyReportDataSource();
var lst = list2.Pivot(
                x =>
                    new 
                    {
                        x.Id,
                        x.Name
                    },
              x1 => "Day " + x1.Date.Day,
              x2 => x2.First().IsPresent);

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace EF_Sample03.Models
{
    public class User
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public DateTime AddDate { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public string LastName { set; get; }

        public string FullName
        {
            get { return Name + " " + LastName; }
        }

        public string Email { set; get; }
        public string Description { set; get; }
        public byte[] Photo { set; get; }
        public IList<Project> Projects { set; get; }
        public byte[] RowVersion { set; get; }
        public InterestComponent Interests { set; get; }

        public User()
        {
            Interests = new InterestComponent();
        }
    }
}

using System;

namespace EF_Sample03.Models
{
    public class Project
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public DateTime AddDate { set; get; }               
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public string Description { set; get; }
        public virtual User User { set; get; }
        public byte[] RowVesrion { set; get; }
    }
}

namespace EF_Sample03.Models
{
    public class InterestComponent
    {
        public string Interest1 { get; set; }
        public string Interest2 { get; set; }
    }
}

using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration;
using EF_Sample03.Models;

namespace EF_Sample03.Mappings
{
    public class InterestComponentConfig : ComplexTypeConfiguration<InterestComponent>
    {
        public InterestComponentConfig()
        {            
            this.Property(x => x.Interest1).HasMaxLength(450);
            this.Property(x => x.Interest2).HasMaxLength(450);
        }
    }
}

using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration;
using EF_Sample03.Models;

namespace EF_Sample03.Mappings
{
    public class ProjectConfig : EntityTypeConfiguration<Project>
    {
        public ProjectConfig()
        {
            this.Property(x => x.Description).IsMaxLength();
            this.Property(x => x.RowVesrion).IsRowVersion();            
        }
    }
}

using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration;
using EF_Sample03.Models;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace EF_Sample03.Mappings
{
    public class UserConfig : EntityTypeConfiguration<User>
    {
        public UserConfig()
        {
            this.HasKey(x => x.Id);
            this.Property(x => x.Id).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);
            this.ToTable("tblUser", schemaName: "guest");
            this.Property(p => p.AddDate).HasColumnName("CreateDate").HasColumnType("date").IsRequired();
            this.Property(x => x.Name).HasMaxLength(450);
            this.Property(x => x.LastName).IsMaxLength().IsConcurrencyToken();
            this.Property(x => x.Email).IsFixedLength().HasMaxLength(255); //nchar(128)
            this.Property(x => x.Photo).IsOptional();
            this.Property(x => x.RowVersion).IsRowVersion();
            this.Ignore(x => x.FullName);
        }
    }
}

using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
using EF_Sample03.Mappings;
using EF_Sample03.Models;

namespace EF_Sample03.DataLayer
{
    public class Sample03Context : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<User> Users { set; get; }
        public DbSet<Project> Projects { set; get; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new InterestComponentConfig());
            modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new ProjectConfig());
            modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new UserConfig());

            //modelBuilder.ComplexType<InterestComponent>();
            //modelBuilder.Ignore<InterestComponent>(); 

            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
        }
    }

    public class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<Sample03Context>
    {
        public Configuration()
        {
            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
            AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
        }

        protected override void Seed(Sample03Context context)
        {
            base.Seed(context);
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Data.Entity;
using EF_Sample03.DataLayer;

namespace EF_Sample03
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<Sample03Context, Configuration>());

            using (var db = new Sample03Context())
            {
                var project1 = db.Projects.Find(1);
                if (project1 != null)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(project1.Title);
                }
            } 
        }
    }
}

<connectionStrings>
    <clear/>
    <add
       name="Sample03Context"
       connectionString="Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=testdb2012;Integrated Security = true"
       providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"
      />
/connectionStrings>

public class PropertiesValidator<TK, T> where T : new() where TK : new()
{
    static TK _instance;

    public static TK Instance
    {
        get
        {
            if (_instance == null)
            {
                _instance = new TK();
            }
            return _instance;
        }
    }

    public void Validate(T expectedObject, T realObject, params string[] propertiesNotToCompare)
    {
        var properties = realObject.GetType().GetProperties();
        foreach (var currentRealProperty in properties)
        {
            if (!propertiesNotToCompare.Contains(currentRealProperty.Name))
            {
                var currentExpectedProperty = expectedObject.GetType().GetProperty(currentRealProperty.Name);
                var exceptionMessage = $"The property {currentRealProperty.Name} of class {currentRealProperty.DeclaringType?.Name} was not as expected.";

                if (currentRealProperty.PropertyType != typeof(DateTime) && currentRealProperty.PropertyType != typeof(DateTime?))
                {
                    Assert.AreEqual( currentExpectedProperty.GetValue( expectedObject,
                                                                        null ),
                                        currentRealProperty.GetValue( realObject,
                                                                    null ),
                                        exceptionMessage );
                }
                else
                {
                    DateTimeAssert.Validate( currentExpectedProperty.GetValue( expectedObject,
                                                                                null ) as DateTime?,
                                                currentRealProperty.GetValue( realObject,
                                                                            null ) as DateTime?,
                                                TimeSpan.FromMinutes( 5 ) );
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

public class ObjectToAssert
{
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
    public DateTime LastVisit { get; set; }
}

var expectedObject = new ObjectToAssert
                        {
                            FirstName = "Vahid",
                            LastName = "Mohammad Taheri",
                            LastVisit = new DateTime( 2016, 11, 14, 0, 10, 50 )
                        };
var actualObject = new ObjectToAssert
                        {
                            FirstName = "Vahid",
                            LastName = "Mohammad Taheri",
                            LastVisit = new DateTime( 2016, 11, 14, 0, 13, 50 )
                        };

System.InvalidOperationException: 'Lambda expression used inside Include is not valid.'

SELECT [b].[Id], [b].[Name], [t].[Id], [t].[BlogId], [t].[Description], [t].[Title]
FROM [Blogs] AS [b]
LEFT JOIN (
    SELECT [p].[Id], [p].[BlogId], [p].[Description], [p].[Title]
    FROM [Posts] AS [p]
    WHERE CHARINDEX(N'test title', [p].[Title]) > 0
) AS [t] ON [b].[Id] = [t].[BlogId]
ORDER BY [b].[Id], [t].[Id]

-- EF+ Query Future: 1 of 2
SELECT [b].[Id], [b].[Name]
FROM [Blogs] AS [b]
;

-- EF+ Query Future: 2 of 2
SELECT [t].[Id], [t].[BlogId], [t].[Description], [t].[Title]
FROM [Blogs] AS [b]
INNER JOIN (
    SELECT [p].[Id], [p].[BlogId], [p].[Description], [p].[Title]
    FROM [Posts] AS [p]
    WHERE CHARINDEX(N'test title', [p].[Title]) > 0
) AS [t] ON [b].[Id] = [t].[BlogId]
;

• همانطور که می‌بینید این دستور، 2 کوئری را اجرا میکند. سرعت آن از روش قبلی کمی کند‌تر است و memory allocation بیشتری را انجام میدهد.
• در صورت عدم استفاده از AsNoTracking، اشیاء Blog را نیز ثبت میکند؛ درنتیجه تعداد 101 آبجکت (100 Blog و 1 Post) به ChangeTracker اضافه خواهند شد.
• کد نویسی تمیزتر و راحت‌تری در سمت سی شارپ دارد. 
• این روش در EF6 نیز قابل استفاده است.

double temp = 2 * (_height + _width); 
Console.WriteLine(temp); 
temp = _height * _width; 
Console.WriteLine(temp);

readonly double perimeter = 2 * (_height + _width); 
Console.WriteLine(perimeter); 
readonly double area = _height * _width; 
Console.WriteLine(area);

1. نام متغیر موقتی را در خط مربوط به ایجاد و اولین مقداردهی به آن تغییر دهید. 
   
2. متغیر موقتی را readonly کنید. 
   
3. تمامی دسترسی‌ها به متغیر موقتی را تا مقداردهی بعدی به متغیر تغییر نام یافته تغییر دهید. 
   
4. متغیر موقتی را در مکان مقداردهی بعدی به متغیر ابتدایی تعریف کنید. 
   
5. کد را کامپایل و تست کنید. 
   
6. مراحل بالا را برای هر مقداردهی به متغیر موقتی اولیه تکرار کنید. 
   

var temp = "some text"; 
// temp usage 
  
temp = "some other text"; 
// temp usage 
  
temp = "yet another text"; 
// temp usage 
  
temp = "final text"; 
// temp usage

var temp = "some text"; 
// temp usage 
  
var temp2 = "some other text"; 
// temp 2 usage 
  
var temp3 = "yet another text"; 
// temp 3 usage 
  
var temp4 = "final text"; 
// temp 4 usage

using System.Collections;

namespace TestModel
{
   public class DynamicEntity
   {
       public virtual int Id { get; set; }
       public virtual IDictionary Attributes { set; get; }
   }
}

using FluentNHibernate.Automapping;
using FluentNHibernate.Automapping.Alterations;

namespace TestModel
{
   public class DynamicEntityMapping : IAutoMappingOverride<DynamicEntity>
   {
       public void Override(AutoMapping<DynamicEntity> mapping)
       {
           mapping.Table("tblDynamicEntity");
           mapping.Id(x => x.Id);
           mapping.IgnoreProperty(x => x.Attributes);
           mapping.DynamicComponent(x => x.Attributes,
                    c =>
                    {                        
                        c.Map(x => (string)x["field1"]);
                        c.Map(x => (string)x["field2"]).Length(300);
                        c.Map(x => (int)x["field3"]);
                        c.Map(x => (double)x["field4"]);
                    });
       }
   }
}

   drop table tblDynamicEntity

   create table tblDynamicEntity (
       Id INT IDENTITY NOT NULL,
      field1 NVARCHAR(255) null,
      field2 NVARCHAR(300) null,
      field3 INT null,
      field4 FLOAT null,
      primary key (Id)
   )

//insert
object savedId = 0;
using (var session = sessionFactory.OpenSession())
{
    using (var tx = session.BeginTransaction())
    {
        var obj = new DynamicEntity();
        obj.Attributes = new Hashtable();
        obj.Attributes["field1"] = "test1";
        obj.Attributes["field2"] = "test2";
        obj.Attributes["field3"] = 1;
        obj.Attributes["field4"] = 1.1;

        savedId = session.Save(obj);
        tx.Commit();
      }
}

INSERT
   INTO
       tblDynamicEntity
       (field1, field2, field3, field4)
   VALUES
       (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3);
   @p0 = 'test1' [Type: String (0)], @p1 = 'test2' [Type: String (0)], @p2 = 1
[Type: Int32 (0)], @p3 = 1.1 [Type: Double (0)]

//query
using (var session = sessionFactory.OpenSession())
{
     using (var tx = session.BeginTransaction())
     {
         //using HQL
            var list = session
                          .CreateQuery("from DynamicEntity d where d.Attributes.field1=:p0")
                           .SetString("p0", "test1")
                           .List<DynamicEntity>();

              if (list != null && list.Any())
              {
                   Console.WriteLine(list[0].Attributes["field2"]);
              }
              tx.Commit();
       }
}

    select
       dynamicent0_.Id as Id1_,
       dynamicent0_.field1 as field2_1_,
       dynamicent0_.field2 as field3_1_,
       dynamicent0_.field3 as field4_1_,
       dynamicent0_.field4 as field5_1_
   from
       tblDynamicEntity dynamicent0_
   where
       dynamicent0_.field1=@p0;
   @p0 = 'test1' [Type: String (0)]

//update
using (var session = sessionFactory.OpenSession())
{
     using (var tx = session.BeginTransaction())
     {
           var entity = session.Get<DynamicEntity>(savedId);
           if (entity != null)
           {
                entity.Attributes["field2"] = "new-val";
                tx.Commit(); // Persist modification
            }
       }
}

//delete
using (var session = sessionFactory.OpenSession())
{
    using (var tx = session.BeginTransaction())
    {
         var entity = session.Get<DynamicEntity>(savedId);
         if (entity != null)
         {
              session.Delete(entity);
              tx.Commit();
          }
     }
}

 public class PooledObject
    {
        DateTime _createdAt = DateTime.Now;

        public DateTime CreatedAt
        {
            get { return _createdAt; }
        }

        public string TempData { get; set; }

        public void DoSomething(string name)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{name} : {TempData} is written on {CreatedAt}");
        }
    }

public static class Pool
{
    private static List<PooledObject> _available = new List<PooledObject>();
    private static List<PooledObject> _inUse = new List<PooledObject>();
 
    public static PooledObject GetObject()
    {
        lock(_available)
        {
            if (_available.Count != 0)
            {
                PooledObject po = _available[0];
                _inUse.Add(po);
                _available.RemoveAt(0);
                return po;
            }
            else
            {
                PooledObject po = new PooledObject();
                _inUse.Add(po);
                return po;
            }
        }
    }
 
    public static void ReleaseObject(PooledObject po)
    {
        CleanUp(po);
 
        lock (_available)
        {
            _available.Add(po);
            _inUse.Remove(po);
        }
    }
 
    private static void CleanUp(PooledObject po)
    {
        po.TempData = null;
    }
}

            var obj1 = Pool.GetObject();
            obj1.DoSomething("obj1");

            Thread.Sleep(2000);
            var obj2 = Pool.GetObject();
            obj2.DoSomething("obj2");
            Pool.ReleaseObject(obj1);

            Thread.Sleep(2000);
            var obj3 = Pool.GetObject();
            obj3.DoSomething("obj3");

obj1 :  is written on 4/21/2016 11:25:26 AM
obj2 :  is written on 4/21/2016 11:25:28 AM
obj3 :  is written on 4/21/2016 11:25:26 AM