public static void LogExpression<T>(
    T value, 
    [CallerArgumentExpression("value")] string expression = null)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"{expression}: {value}");
}

var person = new Person("Vahid", "N.");
LogExpression(person.FirstName);

person.FirstName: Vahid

LogExpression(person.FirstName, "person.FirstName");

public static void EnsureArgumentIsNotNull<T>(
   T value, 
   [CallerArgumentExpression("value")] string expression = null)
{
    if (value is null)
        throw new ArgumentNullException(expression);
}

public static void Foo(string name)
{
    EnsureArgumentIsNotNull(name); // if name is null, throws ArgumentNullException: "Value cannot be null. (Parameter 'name')"
    ...
}

    if (name is null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
    }

ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(name);

public static void ThrowIfNull(
    [NotNull] object? argument,
    [CallerArgumentExpression("argument")] string? paramName = null)

public class Customer
{
      public int Id { get; set; }
      public string Surname { get; set; }
      public string Forename { get; set; }
      public decimal Discount { get; set; }
      public string Address { get; set; }
}

using FluentValidation;

public class CustomerValidator : AbstractValidator<Customer>
{
      public CustomerValidator
      {
           RuleFor(customer => customer.Surname).NotNull();
      }
}

RuleFor(customer => customer.Surname).NotNull().NotEqual("foo");

Customer customer = new Customer();
CustomerValidator validator = new CustomerValidator();
ValidationResult results = validator.Validate(customer);

Customer customer = new Customer();
CustomerValidator validator = new CustomerValidator();

ValidationResult results = validator.Validate(customer);

if(! results.IsValid) 
{
     foreach(var failure in results.Errors)
     {
          Console.WriteLine("Property " + failure.PropertyName + " failed validation. Error was: " +      failure.ErrorMessage);
     }
}

Customer customer = new Customer();
CustomerValidator validator = new CustomerValidator();
validator.ValidateAndThrow(customer);

public class Customer
{
     public string Name { get; set; }
     public Address Address { get; set; }
}

public class Address 
{
     public string Line1 { get; set; }
     public string Line2 { get; set; }
     public string Town { get; set; }
     public string County { get; set; }
     public string Postcode { get; set; }
}

public class AddressValidator : AbstractValidator<Address>
{
     public AddressValidator() 
     {
          RuleFor(address => address.Postcode).NotNull();
          //etc
     }
}

public class CustomerValidator : AbstractValidator<Customer> 
{
     public CustomerValidator()
     {
          RuleFor(customer => customer.Name).NotNull();
          RuleFor(customer => customer.Address).SetValidator(new AddressValidator())
      }
}

public class Customer
{
     public IList<Order> Orders { get; set; }
}

public class Order 
{
     public string ProductName { get; set; }
     public decimal? Cost { get; set; }
}

var customer = new Customer();
customer.Orders = new List<Order> 
{
     new Order { ProductName = "Foo" },
     new Order { Cost = 5 } 
};

public class OrderValidator : AbstractValidator<Order>
{
     public OrderValidator() 
     {
          RuleFor(x => x.ProductName).NotNull();
          RuleFor(x => x.Cost).GreaterThan(0);
     }
}

public class PersonValidator : AbstractValidator<Person>
{
     public PersonValidator() 
     {
          RuleSet("Names", () =>
          {
               RuleFor(x => x.Surname).NotNull();
               RuleFor(x => x.Forename).NotNull();
          });
 
          RuleFor(x => x.Id).NotEqual(0);
      }
}

var validator = new PersonValidator();
var person = new Person();
var result = validator.Validate(person, ruleSet: "Names");

public class TextResult : ActionResult
{
    public string FileName { get; set; }
    public override void ExecuteResult(ControllerContext context)
    {
        var filePath = Path.Combine(context.HttpContext.Server.MapPath(@"~/Files/"), FileName);
        var data = File.ReadAllText(filePath);
        context.HttpContext.Response.Write(data);
    }
}

    public ActionResult DownloadTextFile(string fileName)
    {
        return new TextResult { FileName = fileName };
    }

    public ActionResult DownloadTextFile(string fileName)
    {
        var filePath = Path.Combine(HttpContext.Server.MapPath(@"~/Files/"), fileName);
        return File(filePath, "text");
    }

public class CsvActionResult : ActionResult
{
    public IEnumerable ModelListing { get; set; }

    public CsvActionResult(IEnumerable modelListing)
    {
        ModelListing = modelListing;
    }

    public override void ExecuteResult(ControllerContext context)
    {
        byte[] data = new CsvFileCreator().AsBytes(ModelListing);
        var fileResult = new FileContentResult(data, "text/csv")
        {
            FileDownloadName = "CsvFile.csv"
        };
        fileResult.ExecuteResult(context);
    }
}

    public ActionResult ExportUsers()
    {
        IEnumerable<User> model = UserRepository.GetUsers();
        return new CsvActionResult(model);
    }

public class LogoutActionResult : ActionResult
{
    public RedirectToRouteResult ActionAfterLogout { get; set; }
    public LogoutActionResult(RedirectToRouteResult actionAfterLogout)
    {
        ActionAfterLogout = actionAfterLogout;
    }
    public override void ExecuteResult(ControllerContext context)
    {
        FormsAuthentication.SignOut();
        ActionAfterLogout.ExecuteResult(context);
    }
}

    public ActionResult Logout()
    {
        var redirect = RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
        return new LogoutActionResult(redirect);
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void The_Logout_Action_Returns_LogoutActionResult()
    {
        //arrange
        var account = new AccountController();

        //act
        var result = account.Logout() as LogoutActionResult;

        //assert
        Assert.AreEqual(result.ActionAfterLogout.RouteValues["Controller"], "Home");
    }

String.format = function () {
  var s = arguments[0];
  for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length - 1; i++) {
    s = s.replace("{" + i + "}", arguments[i + 1]);
  }
  return s;
};

console.log(String.format("{0} is nice!", "donettips.info"));

console.log(String.format("{0} is {1} nice! {0} is {1} nice!", "donettips.info", "very"));

donettips.info is very nice! {0} is {1} nice!

String.format = function () {
  var original = arguments[0],
      replaced;
  for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length - 1; i++) {
    replaced = '';
    while (replaced != original) {
      original = replaced || original;
      replaced = original.replace("{" + i + "}", arguments[i + 1]);
    }
  }
  return replaced;
};

donettips.info is very nice! donettips.info is very nice!

String.format = function () {
  var s = arguments[0];
  for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length - 1; i++) {
    s = s.replace(new RegExp("\\{" + i + "\\}", "g"), arguments[i + 1]);
  }
  return s;
};

String.format = function () {
  var s = arguments[0],
      i = arguments.length - 1;
  while (i--) {
    s = s.replace(new RegExp('\\{' + i + '\\}', 'g'), arguments[i + 1]);
  }
  return s;
};

console.log(String.format("{0}:0 {1}:1 {2}:2", "zero", "{2}", "two"));

zero:0 {2}:1 two:2

zero:0 two:1 two:2

console.log(String.format("{0}:0 {1}:1 {2}:2", "zero", "one", "{1}"));

zero:0 one:1 one:2

zero:0 one:1 {1}:2

String.format = function () {
  var args = arguments;
  return args[0].replace(/{(\d+)}/g, function (match, number) { return args[parseInt(number) + 1]; });
};

public class Result
{
    public bool Success { get; private set; }
    public string Error { get; private set; }
    public bool Failure { /* … */ }
    protected Result(bool success, string error) { /* … */ }
    public static Result Fail(string message) { /* … */ }
    public static Result<T> Ok<T>(T value) {  /* … */ }
}

public class Result<T> : Result
{
    public T Value { get; set; }
    protected internal Result(T value, bool success, string error)
        : base(success, error)
    {
        /* … */
    }
}

Install-Package EasyCaching.InMemory

  services.AddEasyCaching(options =>
 {
       // use memory cache with a simple way
        options.UseInMemory();
 }

// تنظیم یک کش با کلید - مقدار - زمان انقضا
void Set<T>(string cacheKey, T cacheValue, TimeSpan expiration);
Task SetAsync<T>(string cacheKey, T cacheValue, TimeSpan expiration);

// تنظیم یک کش با مقدار و زمان انقضا که تایپ مقدار از نوع دیکشنری هست و کلید دیکشنری بعنوان کلید کش قرار میگیرد
void SetAll<T>(IDictionary<string, T> value, TimeSpan expiration);
Task SetAllAsync<T>(IDictionary<string, T> value, TimeSpan expiration);

// تنظیم یک کش با کلید - مقدار - زمان انقضا
// اگر کلیدی همنام وجود داشته باشد مقدار نادرست و در غیر اینصورت مقدار نادرست را برمیگرداند
bool TrySet<T>(string cacheKey, T cacheValue, TimeSpan expiration);
Task<bool> TrySetAsync<T>(string cacheKey, T cacheValue, TimeSpan expiration);
 
// گرفتن یک کش با کلید
CacheValue<T> Get<T>(string cacheKey);
Task<CacheValue<T>> GetAsync<T>(string cacheKey);

// 
CacheValue<T> Get<T>(string cacheKey, Func<T> dataRetriever, TimeSpan expiration);
Task<CacheValue<T>> GetAsync<T>(string cacheKey, Func<Task<T>> dataRetriever, TimeSpan expiration);
 
// گرفتن یک کش با چند کاراکتر پیشین کلید آن
// برای مثال یک کلید با نام
// MyKey
// تنها با داشتن چند حرف اول 
// MyK
// میتوانیم این کش را دریافت کنیم
IDictionary<string, CacheValue<T>> GetByPrefix<T>(string prefix);
Task<IDictionary<string, CacheValue<T>>> GetByPrefixAsync<T>(string prefix);

// 
IDictionary<string, CacheValue<T>> GetAll<T>(IEnumerable<string> cacheKeys);
Task<IDictionary<string, CacheValue<T>>> GetAllAsync<T>(IEnumerable<string> cacheKeys);

// گرفتن تعداد کش‌های با کاراکتر‌های پیشین کلید که میان چند کلید یکسان است 
int GetCount(string prefix = "");
Task<int> GetCountAsync(string prefix = "");

// گرفتن زمان انقضا باقیمانده از یک کش با کلید آن
TimeSpan GetExpiration(string cacheKey);
Task<TimeSpan> GetExpirationAsync(string cacheKey);

// حذف کردن یک کش با کلید
void Remove(string cacheKey);
Task RemoveAsync(string cacheKey);

// حذف کردن یک کش با چند کاراکتر پیشین کلید
void RemoveByPrefix(string prefix);
Task RemoveByPrefixAsync(string prefix);
 
// حذف کردن چند کش با لیستی از کلید‌ها void RemoveAll(IEnumerable<string> cacheKeys);
Task RemoveAllAsync(IEnumerable<string> cacheKeys);

// بررسی وجود یا عدم وجود یک کش با کلید
bool Exists(string cacheKey);
Task<bool> ExistsAsync(string cacheKey);

// حذف کردن همه کش‌ها void Flush();
Task FlushAsync();

Install-Package EasyCaching.Redis

 services.AddEasyCaching(option =>
{
       option.UseRedis(config =>
      {
             config.DBConfig.Endpoints.Add(new ServerEndPoint("127.0.0.1", 6379));
      });
});

Install-Package EasyCaching.HybridCache
Install-Package EasyCaching.InMemory
Install-Package EasyCaching.Redis
Install-Package EasyCaching.Bus.Redis

   services.AddEasyCaching(option =>
       // local
       option.UseInMemory("c1");

       // distributed
       option.UseRedis(config =>
                config.DBConfig.Endpoints.Add(new ServerEndPoint("127.0.0.1", 6379));
       }, "c2");

       // combine local and distributed
        option.UseHybrid(config =>
                 // specify the local cache provider name after v0.5.4
                   config.LocalCacheProviderName = "c1"
                // specify the distributed cache provider name after v0.5.4
                   config.DistributedCacheProviderName = "c2"
        });

          // use redis bus
           .WithRedisBus(busConf =>
                   busConf.Endpoints.Add(new ServerEndPoint("127.0.0.1", 6379));
           });
});