Get-Process | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq 'Dropbox' }

PS /Users/sirwanafifi/Desktop> $block = {
>> $newVar = 10
>> Write-Host $newVar
>> }

PS /Users/sirwanafifi/Desktop> & $block

PS /Users/sirwanafifi/Desktop> & "Get-Process"

PS /Users/sirwanafifi/Desktop> & "1 + 1"
or
PS /Users/sirwanafifi/Desktop> & "Get-Process -Name Slack"

Function Add-Something {
    Write-Host "$_ World"
}

"Hello" | Add-Something

Function Add-Something {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [string]$Name
    )

    Write-Host "$Name World"
}

"Hello" | Add-Something

$API_KEY = "...."

Function Read-WeatherData {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [string]$CityName
    )

    $Url = "https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/forecast?q=$CityName&cnt=40&appid=$API_KEY&units=metric"
    Try {
        Write-Verbose "Reading weather data for $CityName"
        $Response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $Url
        $Response.list | ForEach-Object {
            Write-Verbose "Processing $($_.dt_txt)"
            [PSCustomObject]@{
                City               = $Response.city.name
                DateTime           = [DateTime]::Parse($_.dt_txt)
                Temperature        = $_.main.temp
                Humidity           = $_.main.humidity
                Pressure           = $_.main.pressure
                WindSpeed          = $_.wind.speed
                WindDirection      = $_.wind.deg
                Cloudiness         = $_.clouds.all
                Weather            = $_.weather.main
                WeatherDescription = $_.weather.description
            }
        } | Where-Object { $_.DateTime.Date -eq (Get-Date).Date }
        Write-Verbose "Done processing $CityName"
    }
    Catch {
        Write-Error $_.Exception.Message
    }
}

Read-WeatherData -CityName "London" -Verbose

begin
process
end
dynamicparam

function Show-Pipeline {
    begin { 
        Write-Host "Pipeline start" 
    }
    process { 
        Write-Host  "Pipeline process $_" 
    }
    end { 
        Write-Host  "Pipeline end $_" 
    }
}

PS /> 1..2 | Show-Pipeline                                   
Pipeline start 
Pipeline process 1
Pipeline process 2
Pipeline end 2

Function Ping-Website {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        # As before
    )
    process {
        # As before
    }
}

PS /> "www.google.com", "www.yahoo.com" | Ping-Website

Website        Result  Number Of Attempts
-------        ------  ------------------
www.google.com Success                  3
www.yahoo.com  Success                  3

PS /> Read-Csv ./users.csv -Columns name

using namespace System.Management.Automation
Function Read-Csv {
    Param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 0)]
        [string]$Path
    )
    DynamicParam {
        $firstLine = Get-Content $Path | Select-Object -First 1
        [String[]]$headers = $firstLine -split ', '
        $parameters = [RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary]::new()
        $parameter = [RuntimeDefinedParameter]::new(
            'Columns', [String[]], [Attribute[]]@(
                [Parameter]@{ Mandatory = $false; Position = 1 }
                [ValidateSet]::new($headers)
            )
        )
        $parameters.Add($parameter.Name, $parameter) 
        Return $parameters
    }
    Begin {
        $csvContent = Import-Csv $Path
        If ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('Columns')) {
            $columns = $PSBoundParameters['Columns']
            $csvContent | Select-Object -Property $columns
        }
        Else {
            $csvContent
        }
    }
}

public class TestProfile1 : Profile
{
    protected override void Configure()
    {
        // این تنظیم سراسری هست و به تمام خواص زمانی اعمال می‌شود
        this.CreateMap<DateTime, string>().ConvertUsing(new DateTimeToPersianDateTimeConverter()); 
        this.CreateMap<User, UserViewModel>();
       // Other mappings
     }
  
    public override string ProfileName
    {
        get { return this.GetType().Name; }
    }
}

public interface IMapFrom<T>
{

}
public interface IHaveCustomMappings
{
      void CreateMappings(IConfiguration configuration);
}

public class PersonViewModel : IMapFrom<Person>
{
       public string Name { get; set; }
       public string LastName { get; set; }
}

public class PersonViewModel : IHaveCustomMapping
{
      public string Name { get; set; }
      // دیگر پراپرتی‌ها
     
      public void CreateMappings(IConfiguration configuration)
      {
             configuration.CreateMap<ApplicationUser, PersonViewModel>()
                   .ForMember(m => m.Name, opt => 
                         opt.MapFrom(u => u.ApplicationUser.UserName));
             // دیگر نگاشت‌ها
      }
}

private static void LoadStandardMappings(IEnumerable <Type> types) 
{
     var maps = (from t in types
                      from i in t.GetInterfaces()
                      where i.IsGenericType && i.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(IMapFrom< >)  && !t.IsAbstract && !t.IsInterface
                      select new {
                               Source = i.GetGenericArguments()[0],
                               Destination = t
                      }).ToArray();

      foreach(var map in maps) 
      {
               Mapper.CreateMap(map.Source, map.Destination);
      }
}

CREATE TABLE EmployeeJsonAttributes (
  Id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  EmployeeId int NOT NULL,
  Attributes json DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (Id),
  FOREIGN KEY (EmployeeId) REFERENCES EmployeeEav (Id) ON DELETE CASCADE
)

INSERT INTO EmployeeJsonAttributes VALUES (
101, 
  '{
  "name": "Jon",
    "lastName": "Doe",
    "dateOfBirth": "1989-01-01 10:10:10+05:30",
    "skills": [ "C#", "JS" ],
    "address":  {
  "country": "UK",
      "city": "London",
      "email": "jon.doe@example.com"
    }
  }'
)

INSERT INTO efcoresample.EmployeeJsonAttributes VALUES (
101, 
  JSON_OBJECT(
"name", "Jon", 
"lastName", "Doe",
"dateOfBirth", "1989-01-01 10:10:10+05:30",
"skills", JSON_ARRAY("C#", "JS"),
    "address", JSON_OBJECT(
  "country", "UK",
      "city", "London",
  "email", "jon.doe@example.com"
    )
  )
)

SELECT JSON_EXTRACT(Attributes, '$.address.country') as Country 
FROM EmployeeJsonAttributes
WHERE EmployeeId = 101;

-- Conutry
-- "UK"

SELECT Attributes -> '$.address.country' as Country 
FROM EmployeeJsonAttributes
WHERE EmployeeId = 101;

-- Conutry
-- "UK"

SELECT EmployeeId, Attributes ->> '$.DateOfBirth' AS BirthDate FROM EmployeeJsonAttributes
WHERE Attributes ->> '$.DateOfBirth' > DATE_SUB(CURRENT_DATE(), INTERVAL 25 YEAR)

// Fluent API
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
    modelBuilder.Entity<Employee>(entity =>
    {
        entity.Property(e => e.Attributes).HasColumnType("json");
    });
}

// Data Annotations
[Column(TypeName = "json")]
public string Attributes { get; set; }

public class EmployeeJsonAttribute
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public virtual EmployeeEav Employee { get; set; }
    public int EmployeeId { get; set; }
    [Column(TypeName = "json")]
    public string Attributes { get; set; }
}

dbContext.EmployeeJsonAttributes.Add(new EmployeeJsonAttribute
{
    EmployeeId =  101,
    Attributes = JsonSerializer.Serialize(new
    {
        FirstName = "Sirwan",
        LastName = "Afifi",
        DateOfBirth = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-31)
    })
});

dbContext.SaveChanges();

var employee = dbContext.EmployeeJsonAttributes.Find(201);
Console.WriteLine(JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Employee>(employee.Attributes).DateOfBirth);

 public class Person
    {      
        public Person()
        {
            personId= this.GetType().Name + (new Random()).Next(1, int.MaxValue);          
        }
     }

var student1=new Student(){Name="Iraj",Age=21};
var student1=new Student(){Name="Nima",Age=20};
var student1=new Student(){Name="Sara",Age=25};
var student1=new Student(){Name="Mina",Age=22};
var student1=new Student(){Name="Narges",Age=26};
var teacher1=new Student(){Name="Navaei",Age=45};
var teacher2=new Student(){Name="Imani",Age=50};

 public class Person
    {      
        public Person()
        {
            personId= this.GetType().Name + (new Random()).Next(1, int.MaxValue);  
            Debug.Print(personId)       
        }
     }

using System;
using System.Threading;

public static class RandomProvider
{    
    private static int seed = Environment.TickCount;

    private static ThreadLocal<Random> randomWrapper = new ThreadLocal<Random>(() =>
        new Random(Interlocked.Increment(ref seed))
    );

    public static Random GetThreadRandom()
    {
        return randomWrapper.Value;
    }
}

• برای به حداکثر رسانی استفاده مجدد از کد، type safety و کارایی است.
• بیشترین استفاده مشترک از جنریک‌ها جهت ساختن کالکشن کلاس‌ها (collection classes) است.
• تا حد ممکن از جنریک کالکشن کلاسها (generic collection classes) جدید فضای نام System.Collections.Generic بجای کلاس‌هایی مانند ArrayList در فضای نام System.Collections استفاده شود.
• شما می‌توانید اینترفیس جنریک ، کلاس جنریک ، متد جنریک و عامل جنریک سفارشی خودتان تهیه کنید.
• جنریک کلاس‌ها، ممکن است در دسترسی به متدهایی با نوع داده‌ای خاص محدود شود.
• بوسیله reflection، می‌توانید اطلاعاتی که در یک جنریک در زمان اجرا (run-time) قرار دارد بدست آورید.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace GenericApplication
{
    public class MyGenericArray<T>
    {
        // تعریف یک آرایه از نوع جنریک
        private T[] array;

        public MyGenericArray(int size)
        {
            array = new T[size + 1];
        }

        // بدست آوردن یک آیتم جنریک از آرایه جنریک
        public T getItem(int index)
        {
            return array[index];
        }

        // افزودن یک آیتم جنریک به آرایه جنریک
        public void setItem(int index, T value)
        {
            array[index] = value;
        }
    }
}

class Tester
{
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // تعریف یک آرایه از نوع عدد صحیح
            MyGenericArray<int> intArray = new MyGenericArray<int>(5);

            // افزودن اعداد صحیح به آرایه ای از نوع عدد صحیح
            for (int c = 0; c < 5; c++)
            {
                intArray.setItem(c, c*5);
            }

            // بدست آوردن آیتم‌های آرایه ای از نوع عدد صحیح
            for (int c = 0; c < 5; c++)
            {
                Console.Write(intArray.getItem(c) + " ");
            }
            Console.WriteLine();

            // تعریف یک آرایه از نوع کاراکتر
            MyGenericArray<char> charArray = new MyGenericArray<char>(5);

            // افزودن کاراکترها به آرایه ای از نوع کاراکتر
            for (int c = 0; c < 5; c++)
            {
                charArray.setItem(c, (char)(c+97));
            }

            // بدست آوردن آیتم‌های آرایه ای از نوع کاراکتر
            for (int c = 0; c< 5; c++)
            {
                Console.Write(charArray.getItem(c) + " ");
            }
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
}

0 5 10 15 20
a b c d e

using System;

namespace Pivot.Sample1
{
    public class Expense
    {
        public DateTime Date { set; get; }
        public string Department { set; get; }
        public decimal Expenses { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Pivot.Sample1
{
    public class ExpenseDataSource
    {
        public static IList<Expense> ExpensesDataSource()
        {
            return new List<Expense>
            {
                new Expense { Date = new DateTime(2011,11,1), Department = "Computer", Expenses = 100 },
                new Expense { Date = new DateTime(2011,11,1), Department = "Math", Expenses = 200 },
                new Expense { Date = new DateTime(2011,11,1), Department = "Physics", Expenses = 150 },

                new Expense { Date = new DateTime(2011,10,1), Department = "Computer", Expenses = 75 },
                new Expense { Date = new DateTime(2011,10,1), Department = "Math", Expenses = 150 },
                new Expense { Date = new DateTime(2011,10,1), Department = "Physics", Expenses = 130 },

                new Expense { Date = new DateTime(2011,9,1), Department = "Computer", Expenses = 90 },
                new Expense { Date = new DateTime(2011,9,1), Department = "Math", Expenses = 95 },
                new Expense { Date = new DateTime(2011,9,1), Department = "Physics", Expenses = 100 }
            };
        }
    }
}

using System.Collections;
using System.Linq;

namespace Pivot.Sample1
{
    public class PivotTable
    {
        public static IList ExpensesCrossTab()
        {
            return ExpenseDataSource
                        .ExpensesDataSource()
                        .GroupBy(t =>
                                   new
                                   {
                                       Year = t.Date.Year,
                                       Month = t.Date.Month
                                   })
                        .Select(myGroup =>
                                   new
                                   {
                                       //Year = myGroup.Key.Year,
                                       Month = myGroup.Key.Month,
                                       ComputerDepartment = myGroup.Where(x => x.Department == "Computer").Sum(x => x.Expenses),
                                       MathDepartment = myGroup.Where(x => x.Department == "Math").Sum(x => x.Expenses),
                                       PhysicsDepartment = myGroup.Where(x => x.Department == "Physics").Sum(x => x.Expenses)
                                   })
                        .ToList();
        }
    }
}

using System;

namespace Pivot.Sample2
{
    public class StudentStat
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public DateTime Date { set; get; }
        public bool IsPresent { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Pivot.Sample2
{
    public class StudentsStatDataSource
    {
        public static IList<StudentStat> CreateMonthlyReportDataSource()
        {
            var result = new List<StudentStat>();
            var rnd = new Random();

            for (int day = 1; day < 6; day++)
            {
                for (int student = 1; student < 6; student++)
                {
                    result.Add(new StudentStat
                    {
                        Id = student,
                        Date = new DateTime(2011, 11, day),
                        IsPresent = rnd.Next(-1, 1) == 0 ? true : false,
                        Name = "student " + student
                    });
                }
            }

            return result;
        }
    }
}

using System.Collections;
using System.Linq;

namespace Pivot.Sample2
{
    public class PivotTable
    {
        public static IList StudentsStatCrossTab()
        {
            return StudentsStatDataSource
                        .CreateWeeklyReportDataSource()
                        .GroupBy(x =>
                                  new
                                  {
                                      x.Id
                                  })
                        .Select(myGroup =>
                                  new
                                  {
                                      myGroup.Key.Id,
                                      Name = myGroup.First().Name,
                                      Day1IsPresent = myGroup.Where(x => x.Date.Day == 1).First().IsPresent,
                                      Day2IsPresent = myGroup.Where(x => x.Date.Day == 2).First().IsPresent,
                                      Day3IsPresent = myGroup.Where(x => x.Date.Day == 3).First().IsPresent,
                                      Day4IsPresent = myGroup.Where(x => x.Date.Day == 4).First().IsPresent,
                                      Day5IsPresent = myGroup.Where(x => x.Date.Day == 5).First().IsPresent,
                                      PresentsCount = myGroup.Where(x => x.IsPresent).Count(),
                                      AbsentsCount = myGroup.Where(x => !x.IsPresent).Count()
                                  })
                        .ToList();
        }
    }
}

DECLARE @doc XML 
SET @doc ='
<p:people xmlns:p="http://www.people.com">
 <p:person name="Vahid" /> 
 <p:person name="Farid" />
</p:people>
'
SELECT @doc.query('/people/person')

 SELECT @doc.query('/p:people/p:person')

 SELECT @doc.query('
declare default element namespace "http://www.people.com";
/people/person
')

 SELECT @doc.query('
declare namespace aa="http://www.people.com";
/aa:people/aa:person
')

 WITH XMLNAMESPACES(DEFAULT 'http://www.people.com')
SELECT @doc.query('/people/person')

 WITH XMLNAMESPACES('http://www.people.com' AS aa)
SELECT @doc.query('/aa:people/aa:person')

 SELECT @data.query('
 (: FLOWE :)
 for $p in /people/person
 where $p/age > 30
 return $p
 ')

SELECT @data.query('
(: XPath :)
/people/person[age>30]
')

DECLARE @doc XML 
SET @doc='
<Team name="Project 1" xmlns:a="urn:annotations">
  <Employee id="544" years="6.5">
    <Name>User 1</Name>
<Title>Architect</Title>
<Expertise>Games</Expertise>
<Expertise>Puzzles</Expertise>
<Employee id="101" years="7.1" a:assigned-to="C1">
 <Name>User 2</Name>
 <Title>Dev lead</Title>
 <Expertise>Video Games</Expertise>
 <Employee id="50" years="2.3" a:assigned-to="C2">
 <Name>User 3</Name>
 <Title>Developer</Title>
 <Expertise>Hardware</Expertise>
 <Expertise>Entertainment</Expertise>
</Employee>
</Employee> 
  </Employee>
</Team>
'

 SELECT @doc.query('/Team/Employee/Name')

 SELECT @doc.query('/Team/Employee/child::Name')

 <Name>User 1</Name>

 SELECT @doc.query('//Employee/Name')

 <Name>User 1</Name>
<Name>User 2</Name>
<Name>User 3</Name>

 SELECT @doc.query('
declare namespace a = "urn:annotations";
//Employee[@a:assigned-to]/Name
')

 SELECT @doc.query('
declare namespace a = "urn:annotations";
//Employee[attribute::a:assigned-to]/Name
')

 SELECT @doc.query('
declare namespace a = "urn:annotations";
//Employee[not(@a:assigned-to)]/Name
')

 <Name>User 1</Name>

 SELECT @doc.query('count(//Employee[Name="User 1"]/Employee)')

 SELECT @doc.query('//Employee[../Name="User 1"]')

 Select p.name, p.job
from people as p
where p.age > 30
order by p.age

 for $p in /people/person
where $p.age > 30
order by $p.age[1]
return ($p/name, $p/job)

 let $p := /people/person
return $p

 DECLARE @x XML = '';
SELECT @x.query('
for $i in (1,2,3)
return $i
');

SELECT @x.query('
let $i := (1,2,3)
return $i
');

 DECLARE @x XML = '';
SELECT @x.query('
for $i in (1,2,3)
order by $i descending
return $i
');

SELECT @x.query('
let $i := (1,2,3)
order by $i descending
return $i
');

DECLARE @doc XML  =' 
<people>
 <person>
  <name>
<givenName>name1</givenName>
<familyName>lname1</familyName>
  </name>
  <age>33</age>
  <height>short</height>
 </person>
 <person>
  <name>
<givenName>name2</givenName>
<familyName>lname2</familyName>
  </name>
  <age>40</age>
  <height>short</height>
 </person>
 <person>
  <name>
<givenName>name3</givenName>
<familyName>lname3</familyName>
  </name>
  <age>30</age>
  <height>medium</height>
 </person>
</people>
'

 SELECT @doc.query('
for $p in /people/person
return <person>
{$p/name[1]/givenName[1]/text()}
</person>
');

 <person>name1</person>
<person>name2</person>
<person>name3</person>

 SELECT @doc.query('
<root>
{
for $p in /people/person
return <person>
{$p/name[1]/givenName[1]/text()}
</person>
}
</root>
');

 <root>
  <person>name1</person>
  <person>name2</person>
  <person>name3</person>
</root>

 SELECT @doc.query('some $emp in //Employee satisfies $emp/@years >5')
-- true

SELECT @doc.query('every $emp in //Employee satisfies $emp/@years >5')
-- false

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Threading;

 class Program
    {
        static int a = 0;
        static int b = 0;
        static Random random = new Random();
        
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            Thread obj = new Thread(Division);
            obj.Start();

            Division();
        }

        static void Division()
        {

            for (int i = 0; i <= 500; i++)
            {

                try
                {
                   
                        //Choosing random numbers between 1 to 5
                        a = random.Next(1, 10);
                        b = random.Next(1, 10);


                        //Dividing
                        double ans = a / b;


                        //Reset Variables
                        a = 0;
                        b = 0;

                        Console.WriteLine("Answer : {0} --> {1}", i, ans);
                    
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
                }
            }
        }
    }

class Program
    {
        static int a = 0;
        static int b = 0;
        static Random random = new Random();
        static readonly object _object = new object();
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            Thread obj = new Thread(Division);
            obj.Start();

            Division();
        }

        static void Division()
        {

            for (int i = 0; i <= 500; i++)
            {

                try
                {
                    Monitor.Enter(_object);
                   
                        //Choosing random numbers between 1 to 5
                        a = random.Next(1, 10);
                        b = random.Next(1, 10);


                        //Dividing
                        double ans = a / b;


                        //Reset Variables
                        a = 0;
                        b = 0;

                        Console.WriteLine("Answer : {0} --> {1}", i, ans);
                    Monitor.Exit(_object);

                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
                }
            }
        }
    }

 static void Main()
  { 
    using (var mutex = new Mutex (false, "dotnettips.info Demo"))
    {
     
      if (!mutex.WaitOne (TimeSpan.FromSeconds (3), false))
      {
        Console.WriteLine ("Another app instance is running. Bye!");
        return;
      }
      RunProgram();
    }
  }
 
  static void RunProgram()
  {
    Console.WriteLine ("Running. Press Enter to exit");
    Console.ReadLine();
  }